PSEB Punjab Board Class 9 Social Science Geography Textbook Solution Chapter 2A India : Physiographic Units Exercise Questions and Answers
India : Physiographic Units
Exercises- A Mapwork
Show on the outline map of India:
i) Karakoram. Pirpunjal, shivalik, satpura,patkai bum, khasi and Garo mountain Range
ii) The mountain peaks of kanchenjunga, Godwin-AUstin, Dhulagiri, Guru Shikhar and Anaimudi
iii) Any 5 passes and 3 plateau regions
Answer:-
B.) Objective type type Questions
Answer the following questions in a single word to one sentence length
1.) Name any two physiographic region of India
Answer:- The Great Himalayan mountains and The Coastal plains
2.) If you visit Gurushikar, in which mountain range you shall be there.
Answer:- If you visit Gurushikar, you shall be there in Aravallis mountain range.
3.) What is the length and breath of Northern Plains of India
Answer:- In India Northern plains length is 2400 kilometer and while their breadth varies between 150 to 300 kilometer.
4.) In how many categories the India archipelagos are divided in ?
Answer:- There are total 267 Indian Islands spread in adjoining seas. Andaman and Nicobar island group in bay of bengal and lakshadweep in Arabian Sea are major groups
5.) Which of the following is not a Lake
i) Bhabar ii) Bangar iii) Khayal iv) Kallar
Answer:- Bhabar, Bangar and Kallar is not a lake of the following
6.) Which of the following is odd
i) Saddle ii) Sambar iii) Chilka iv) Vembandand
Answer:-
7.) Which of the following is odd
i) Sharda ii) Kaveri iii) Gomati iv) Yamuna
Answer:- Kaveri is odd of the following , because rest of them are upper ganga plains
8.) Which of the following is not a range of himalayas
Rakashposhi ii) Dafla iii) Zaskar iv) Nilgiri
Answer:- Nilgiri is not a range of himalayas , because it is one of the major peak in western ghat
C.) Short Answer the questions
Give short answers for the following questions:
1.) Write a note on the origin of a himalayas.
Answer:- The movement of tectonic plates has resulted in the rise of the Himalayas. Where Himalayan mountains are situated at present, some 12 crore years ago,there was a roaring sea called Tethys. Eurasian landmass was situated towards the north of this sea and Gondwana landmass towards the south. Rivers flowing from these two land masses deposited large amounts of alluvium in the sea and with the movement of Gondwana land towards north west, the alluviums deposited in Tethys got folded and started rising which resulted in the formation of Himalayas.
2.) Describe the Khadar Plains how they are different from the bet area
Answer:- Khadar is new alluvium close to the river,which remains under floods almost every year and the fertile alluvial soil deposited by floods in low lying areas. This is very fertile soil and in punjab this is known as Bet, Naily, Bela, etc.
3.) Write a note on the central himalayas
Answer:- The range is known as InternalHimalaya or Himadri also. Aveage height of this range is 6100 meter and length 2400 km. It ascends from Naga mountains in north west the Mamchabarwa east. Mount evert which is highest peak of the world, is situated in this range. In Nepal this mountain peak is kanown as SagarMatha and Chomolungma in Tibet. Some major peaks of this range are Kanchenjunga, Makalu, Dhaulagiri, Naga Parbat, Annapurna, Gasherbrum I and II etc.
4.) What is the difference between eastern and western ghats?
Answer:-.
Western Ghats | Eastern Ghats |
Western Ghats spread along western coastal plains fromtapi river mouth to kanyakumari in south, about 1600 km long | Eastern ghats run along eastern coast of India from Mahanadi to in Nilgiri mountains. |
Western ghats are not wider than eastern ghats | Eastern ghats are wider than western ghats |
From north to south, 4 passes namely Thalghat, Bhorghat, Pal ghat and Shenkota passes are found in the range | |
Major peak in Western ghat are Kalsubai |
5.) Describe the Indian Archipelagos and write the name of islands
Answer:- Andaman and Nicobar island group in Bay of Bengal and Lakshdweeps in Arabian sea are major groups. Andaman islands are the extension of North Eastern mountain range ArakanYoma of Mayanamar. There are total 204 islands in Andaman. Saddle peak (737 m) is the highest peak of Andaman. Nicobar has 19 Islands and Great Nicobar is the largest island among these. Group of Lakshadweep island in situated in Arabian Sea. There are total 34 islands. Amindivi islands are situated towards its north and Mincoy Islands are situated towards its south.
6.) Differentiate between Bhabar and Terai
Answer:-
Bhabar-
i) Bhabar is a 8-16 km wide strio which runs from indus river to Tista river along Shiwalik foothills.
ii) It is the gently-sloping coarse alluvial zone below the siwalik hills where steams disappear into permeable sediments.
iii)The rivers decending down from shiwalik mountain range bring rock, stones, conglomerates etc. with them and deposit it in this belt.
Terai-
i) Terai is 15 to 20 km wide strip just south of the bhabar and runs parallel to it.
ii)the underground rivers, which disappear in the bhabar, resurface in this belt making it marshy and humid.
iii) This region receives heavy rainfall and beacuse of this it is densly forested region.
D.) Long Answer Questions
Answer the following questions in detail:
1.) Explain in detail mountain ranges of peninsular plateau
Answer:-
This plateau is one of the oldest landforms of the world. Known to be formed 3600 million years prior to the rise of Himalayas, it was the part of Gondwana land during pre-Cambrian era (It is longest span of time earth is history). It is triangular in shape and kanyakumari is the southernmost tips of this traingle.
Regional division of Peninsular plateau
i) Marwar Plateau- This is situated in eastern Rajasthan towards the east Aravali mountain range at the height of 250-500 meters above the sea. The central highlands are situated towards east to marwar part of this plateau and is famous for its ravines. Bundekhand region is situated towards part of tis plateau along the river Yamuna
ii) The Malwa Plateau-
Arvallis mountain range is situated towrds west, Vidhyacchal in south and Rajmahal mountain and chhota Nagar plateau its east. This plateau is of triangular shaped extends up to shilong plateau. River Narmada and Mahi, which debounches in Arabian sea, flow through this plateau.
iii) The Deccan Plateau- The largest part of peninsular plateau. its gradient is from westto east, towards Bay of bengal,beacuse of this reason the rivers flowing here namely Godavari, Jrishna, Kaveri, Mahanadi, Indravati,Tungbhadra, pennaretcfallin the bay of bengal
2.) Describe the formation of Ganga-Brahmputra plains and write there regional distribution
Answer:-
Gangetic plains : There plains are formed by the soil deposited by Ganga and its tributaries like Gandak, Yamuna, Ghagra, Kosi, Son, Ken, Betwa Chambal etc. There plains are 550 kilometer long and around 380 kilometer broad. These are divided into three parts:
(a) Upper Ganga Plains : This part of plains is known as Ganga-Yamuna doab and have been formed with the soil by Ganga, Yamuna, Ram Ganga, Sharda, Betwa, Gomati and Ghagra. These include Bhakar and Terai plains also.
(b) Middle Ganga Plains : These plains are found in eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. These are also known as plains of Bihar and Mithila. These are 600 km long and 330 km wide. These are formed by the soil deposited by Ghagra, Gandak, Soin and Kosi rivers.
(c) Lower Ganga Plains : These plains extend from Kishanganj tehsil of Purulia district of Bihar to whole of West Bengal (excluding Darjeeling). These are 580 kilometer long and 200 kilometer broad. and have been formed by alluvium deposited by river Tista, Jaldhaka and Torsa. 1/3 part of these plains from Sundarban Delta, which is largest delta of the world. The name of the delta is based on the Mongroove type of tree found here i.e. ‘Sundri’. Tidal forests and wet lands and found in this delta.
Brahamputra Plains: These are also known as plains of Assam. These extend from Dhubri in west to foot hills of eastern Himalayas. Plains are 720 kilometer long and 60-100 kilometer wide. These have been formed by the soil deposited by river Brahmaputra and its tributaries.
3.) Describe the Indian Coastal Plains
Answer:- These plains may be divided into 2 parts:
i) Plains of western coast- these are 65 km wide and extend from dessert of kutchh to kanyakukmari and are further divided into 4 types: namely Plains of Gujrat, Plains of Konkan, Plains of Malabar. and plains of kerla Plains of gujrat are coastal plains extending from Kutchh to Khambat. Plains of konkan are 500 Km long, Plains of Malabhar are 845 km long and extends from Mangalore to kanyakumari. Plins of Malaba are 845 lm long and extends from Mangalore to Kanyakumri. Largest lake of these plains in Vemband. These plains extends from west bengal, odhisha to kanyakumari along eastern coast. These plains are formed by the alluvium deposited by the rivers flowing towards east nMelymahanadi, godavri, krishna, Kaveri and their tributaries. In odisha there are known as plains of utkal.
4.) Write the note on the following
(a) The plains and desert areas of Rajasthan.
(b) Malwa Plateau.
(c) Greater Himalayas
Answer :-
a.) The plains and desert areas of Rajasthan : Plains of Rajasthan are actually extended part of Satluj plains, which were once a green plains of Ghaggar and Saraswati (The lost river) rivers, but now these are sandy Thar desert. This region extends 650 km long and 250 km broad, in the South-West of Punjab. Eastern part of Thar is known as Rajasthan Bangar .Sand dunes and salt water lakes are common here. Sambar, Chidwana, Degana, Sarmol are a few important among these lakes.
b.) The Malwa Plateau : Aravallis mountain range is situated towards its west, Vindhyachal in south and Rajmahal mountain and Chhota Nagpur plateau its east. This plateau is of triangular shaped extends uptoShillong plateau. River Narmada and Mahi, which debouches in Arabian sea, flow through this plateau. The black soils of plateau region are of volcanic origin and very fertile for Cotton cultivation and are also called black ‘regur soils’. This soil is very rich for the cultivation of cotton and sugarcane. Hazaribagh, Gaya and Ranchi plateau and major mountain in Aravallis, Vindhyachal and Satpura are situated in this plateau.
c.) Great Himalayas : The range is known as Internal Himalaya or Himadri also. Average height of this range is 6100 meter and length 2400 km. It ascends from Naga mountains in north–west the NamchaBarwa in east. Mount Everest (8848 meter) which is highest peak of the world, is situated in this range. In Nepal this mountain peak is known as ‘SagarMatha’ and ‘Chomolungma’ in Tibet Some other major peaks of this range are Kanchenjunga, Makalu, Dhaulagiri, Nanga Parbat, Annapurna, Gasherbrum I and II etc.
5.) Differentiate betweeen the advantages of Himalayan Mountains and peninsular plateau.
Answer:-
This plateau is one of the oldest landforms of the world. Known to be formed 3600 million years prior to the rise of Himalayas, it was the part of Gondwana land during pre-Cambrian era (It is longest span of time earth is history). It is triangular in shape and Kanyakumari is the southernmost tip of this triangle.