NCERT Class 8 Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources Extra Questions and Answers
Class 8 Geography Chapter 3 Extra Inside Questions and Answers – Mineral and Power Resources. Here in this Page Class VIII Students can Learn Extra Questions & Answer 3rd Chapter Geography fully Inside.
We Provided Here Mineral and Power Resources Geography Chapter 3 Long Answer Type Question, MCQ Questions & Answer, Short Answer Type Questions (2 or 3 marks), and Very Short answer Type Question (1 marks) Solution.
Class 8 Geography Chapter 3 Extra Question with Answer – Mineral and Power Resources
Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources Class 8 Inside 5 Marks, 3 marks, 2 Marks & And 1 Marks Important Questions and Answers.
MCQ
1 – Where we can find Iron-ore?
- North Sweden
- Ukraine
- France
- India
Ans – Option a (North Sweden)
2 – Which continent produce more then half of the world’s tin?
- North America
- South America
- Asia
- Australia
Ans – Option c (Asia)
3 – Which country has no known mineral deposit in it?
- Switzerland
- Singapore
- Pakistan
- India
Ans – Option a (Switzerland)
4 – Where is first tidal energy station was built?
- Russia
- UK
- France
- India
Ans – Option c (France)
Very Short
1 – Name any two places where mineral can be found but not easily accessible.
Ans – Artic Ocean bed and Antarctica.
2 – How many different kinds of minerals are present?
Ans – More than three thousand
3 – Write example of metallic minerals
Ans – Iron ore, bauxite, manganese ore.
4 – Metallic minerals can be of what kind?
Ans – Metallic minerals can be ferrous or non-ferrous.
5 – Graphite used in pencil is mineral or not?
Ans – Graphite used in pencil is also a mineral.
6 – Name three countries who are world’s leading tin producers.
Ans – China, Malaysia and Indonesia.
7 – Which continent is leading producer of iron-ore in the world?
Ans – Europe.
8 – Mineral deposits in North America are located in how many zones?
Ans Three zones.
9 – Which country is largest producer of high grade iron-ore in the world?
Ans – Brazil.
10 – Which continent is largest producer of bauxite in the world?
Ans – Australia.
11 – Which metal is used in creation of coins?
Ans – Copper.
12 – Minerals are what kind of resources?
Ans – Non-renewable resources.
13 – Name one way through which mineral resource can be conserved.
Ans – Recycling of metals.
14 – How power resources are categorised?
Ans – They are categorised in conventional and non-conventional resources.
15 – Where we can find the oldest rock of the world?
Ans – Oldest rocks of the world are in Western Australia.
16 – What is age of oldest rocks in the world?
Ans – these rocks are 4,300 million years ago, only 300 million years after the earth was formed.
17 – Name two main energy conventional sources.
Ans – Firewood and fossil.
18 – What is the most famous use of firewood?
Ans – It is widely use for cooking and heating.
19 – Name some fossil fuels.
Ans – Coal, petroleum and natural gas.
20 – The word petroleum is derived from which Latin word?
Ans – It is derived from Latin word – Petra.
21 – What is full form of CNG?
Ans – Compressed Natural Gas
Short
1 – What do you mean by mineral?
Ans – Mineral is a substance that occur naturally having a definite chemical composition.
2 – How minerals are created?
Ans – They are created by natural process without any human interference.
3 – Minerals can be identified on what bases?
Ans – They can be identified on basis of their:
Physical properties such as – colour, hardness, density
Chemical property such as – solubility.
4 – How minerals are formed?
Ans – They are formed in different type of geological environment, under various conditions.
5 – On bases of composition, what is classification of minerals?
Ans – On the bases of composition mineral are classified into metallic and non-metallic minerals.
6 – What is difference between ferrous and non-ferrous minerals?
Ans – Ferrous minerals contain iron while non-ferrous minerals do not contain iron.
7 – What are Metallic minerals?
Ans – Metallic minerals have metal in raw form. These metals generally re hard substance that conduct heat and electricity and are characterised by shine or lustre.
8 – What are non-metallic minerals?
Ans – As the name suggest, non-metallic minerals do not contain metals.
9 – Write any three examples of non-metallic minerals.
Ans – Limestone, gypsum and mica.
10 – How minerals can be extracted?
Ans – Minerals can be extracted by mining, drilling or quarrying.
11 – How to know if a rock contain copper?
Ans – If a rock contain copper, the rock will look blue in colour.
12 – In India, where major natural gas resources are located?
Ans – In India, these resources are located in Mumbai High, Krishna Godavari basin, Cambay basin, Tripura and Assam.
13 – Why CNG is popular?
Ans – Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a preferred environmentally friendly automotive fuel since it emits less pollution than petroleum and diesel.
Long
1 – Write a short note on meaning and formation of minerals.
Ans – A mineral is a naturally occurring substance with a specific chemical composition. Minerals are not dispersed uniformly throughout space. They are concentrated in one location or rock structure. Some minerals can only be found in remote locations, such as the Arctic Ocean floor and Antarctica. Minerals originate in a variety of geological environments under diverse conditions. They are formed by natural processes with no human intervention. They can be distinguished by physical features such as colour, density, and hardness, as well as chemical properties such as solubility.
2 – Write a note on “Rock”
Ans – A rock is a combination of one or more minerals with no fixed composition of mineral constituents. Ores are the rocks from which minerals are extracted. Despite the fact that over 2,800 different types of minerals have been found, only roughly 100 are designated ore minerals.
3 – Write in brief about classification of minerals.
Ans – There are about 3,000 distinct minerals. Minerals are divided primarily by composition into metallic and non-metallic minerals. Metallic minerals include raw metal. Metals are hard solids with a distinctive sheen or shine that conduct heat and electricity. Examples include iron ore, bauxite, and manganese ore. Metallic minerals can be both ferrous and nonferrous. Iron is found in ferrous minerals such as iron ore, manganese, and chromates. A nonferrous mineral lacks iron but may contain other metals such as gold, silver, copper, or lead. Metals are not found in non-metallic materials. Minerals such as limestone, mica, and gypsum are examples of such minerals. Non-metallic minerals include mineral fuels such as coal and petroleum.
4 – Write a note on process of extraction of minerals by mining, drilling and quarrying.
Ans – Mining means the process of taking out minerals from rocks buried under the earth surface. Minerals that lie at the depths are taken out by removing the surface layer. This is known as open-cast mining. Shift mining means when the force called shafts have to be made to reach mineral deposits that lie at great depths.
Petroleum and natural gas occur far below the earth surface. Deep wells are bored to take them out, this is called drilling.
Whereas the minerals that lie near the surface are simply dugout by the process known squaring.
5 – How minerals are distributed?
Ans – Minerals can be found in a variety of rocks. Some occur in igneous rocks, some in metamorphic rocks, and others in sedimentary rocks. Metallic minerals are more commonly found in igneous and metamorphic rock formations that produce huge plateaus. Minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks include iron ore in northern Sweden, copper and nickel deposits in Ontario, Canada, and iron, nickel, chromites, and platinum in South Africa. Non-metallic minerals such as limestone are found in sedimentary rock formations of plains and young fold mountains. Some examples are limestone deposits in France’s Caucasus region, manganese deposits in Georgia and Ukraine, and phosphate beds in Algeria. Sedimentary layers also include mineral fuels such as coal and petroleum.
6 – Write a note on distribution of minerals in Asia.
Ans – Iron ore resources are abundant in China and India. More than half of the world’s tin is produced in the continent. China, Malaysia, and Indonesia are among the world’s top producers of tin. China is also the world’s leading producer of lead, antimony, and tungsten. Asia also has manganese, bauxite, nickel, zinc, and copper deposits.
7 – Write a note on minerals in Europe.
Ans – Europe is the world’s top producer of iron ore. Russia, Ukraine, Sweden, and France have significant iron ore resources. Copper, lead, zinc, manganese, and nickel resources can be found in eastern Europe and European Russia.
8 – Write about mineral deposits in North America.
Ans – North America’s mineral deposits are divided into three zones: the Canadian region north of the Great Lakes, the Appalachian region, and the western mountain ranges. The Canadian Shield region mines iron ore, nickel, gold, uranium, and copper, while the Appalachian region mines coal. The Western Cordilleras are rich in copper, lead, zinc, gold, and silver resources.
9 – What do you know about minerals found in South America.
Ans – Brazil is the world’s greatest producer of high-grade iron ore. Chile and Peru are the world’s top copper producers. Brazil and Bolivia are two of the world’s largest tin producers. South America also has substantial gold, silver, zinc, chrome, manganese, bauxite, mica, platinum, asbestos, and diamond reserves. Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Columbia all have mineral oil deposits.
10 – Which minerals are found in Africa?
Ans – Mineral resources abound in Africa. It is the largest producer of diamonds, gold, and platinum in the world. South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Zaire produce a significant amount of the world’s gold. Copper, iron ore, chromium, uranium, cobalt, and bauxite are some of the other minerals found in Africa. Nigeria, Libya, and Angola all have oil reserves.
11 – Write a note on – “Minerals in Australia”.
Ans – Australia is the world’s largest bauxite producer. It is a major supplier of gold, diamonds, iron ore, tin, and nickel. Copper, lead, zinc, and manganese are also abundant. Western Australia’s greatest gold reserves are in Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie.
12 – What do you know about distribution of minerals in Antarctica?
Ans – The geology of Antarctica is well known enough to forecast the existence of a range of mineral deposits, some of which are likely to be considerable. The quantity of coal deposits in the Transantarctic Mountains and iron deposits near the Prince Charles Mountains of East Antarctica is expected to be significant. Commercial quantities of iron ore, gold, silver, and oil are also present.
13 – Write a detail note on “Uses of Minerals”.
Ans – Minerals are used in a wide range of sectors. Hard minerals are typically utilised to make jewels. These are then set in various jewellery styles. Copper is another metal that is utilised in a variety of applications ranging from coins to pipes. Quartz is the source of silicon, which is used in the computer industry. Aluminium, derived from the mineral bauxite, is utilised in automobiles and aeroplanes, as well as the bottling industry, buildings, and even kitchen cookware.
14 – What are conventional sources of energy?
Ans – Conventional energy sources are ones that have been in use for a long period. The two primary traditional energy sources are firewood and fossil fuels. Other conventional sources of energy are –
– Coal
– Petroleum
– Natural Gas
– Hydel Power
– Firewood
– Fossil fuel
15 – How coal is a conventional source of energy?
Ans – This is the most common fossil fuel. It is used as a home fuel, as well as in industries such as iron and steel, steam engines, and electricity generation. Thermal power is the term used to describe coal-fired electricity. The coal we use today developed millions of years ago when huge ferns and swamps were buried beneath layers of soil. As a result, coal is known as Buried Sunshine. China, the United States, Germany, Russia, South Africa, and France are the world’s top coal producers. Jharkhand’s coal-producing areas include Raniganj, Jharia, Dhanbad, and Bokaro
16 – How Petroleum and Natural gas are conventional sources of energy?
Ans – Petroleum – Both the gasoline that keeps your automobile going and the oil that keeps your bike from squeaking began as a thick black liquid called Petroleum. It is discovered between rock layers and is drilled from offshore and coastal oil fields. This is then delivered to refineries, which process the crude oil and turn it into a variety of products such as diesel, gasoline, kerosene, wax, polymers, and lubricants. Petroleum and its derivatives are referred to as “Black Gold” because they are extremely precious. Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar are the major producers of petroleum. The United States, Russia, Venezuela, and Algeria are the other main producers. Digboi in Assam, Bombay High near Mumbai, and the deltas od Krishna and Godavari rivers are the main producers in India.
Natural Gas – Natural gas is found in petroleum reserves and is liberated when crude oil is brought to the surface. It can be utilised for both residential and industrial purposes. Natural gas is an essential clean energy resource with numerous applications. It is used as a fuel in the power industry to generate electricity, as a heating fuel in industries, as a raw material in the chemical, petrochemical, and fertiliser industries, as a transportation fuel, and as a cooking fuel. Natural gas is mostly produced in the United States, Russia, Iran, Qatar, China, Canada, and Australia.
The rapid expansion in our use of fossil fuels has resulted in an alarming depletion of oil supplies. The hazardous contaminants emitted by the combustion of these fuels are also a source of worry. When natural gas is burned to generate power, it produces around half the carbon dioxide and one-tenth of the air pollutants produced by coal. Natural gas can assist renewable or unconventional energy sources as a greener alternative to fossil fuels. Natural gas can assist bridge the gap between fossil fuels and clean energy sources.
17 – Write Advantages of Conventional Sources of energy.
Ans – Advantages of conventional sources of energy are –
Oil –
- Easier to transport (Tankers)
- Basis of Petro-chemical Industry.
Natural Gas –
- Easier to transport (Pipeline)
- Cleaner than oil and coal.
- Affordable comparing to the price of oil.
Fire Wood –
- Easy access
- An energy source for large number of people.
Coal –
- Easily available
- Efficient to convert electricity.
18 – What is Non-Conventional Source of energy?
Ans – The increased consumption of fossil fuels is causing a scarcity. It is projected that if current consumption rates continue, these fuel reserves will be depleted. Furthermore, their use pollutes the environment. As a result, nonconventional renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, and tidal energy are required.
Some non-conventional sources of energy are –
– Solar energy
– Wind energy
– Nuclear Power
– Geothermal energy
19 – How Solar energy and Wind energy is Non-Conventional Source of energy?
Ans – The increased consumption of fossil fuels is causing a scarcity. It is projected that if current consumption rates continue, these fuel reserves will be depleted. Furthermore, their use pollutes the environment. As a result, nonconventional renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, and tidal energy are required.
Wind is an endless source of energy. Wind mills have been used for milling grain and raising water since the dawn of time. Wind mills in modern times produce power by rotating the wind mill, which is connected to a generator. Wind farms with clusters of such wind mills are built in coastal areas and mountain passes where winds are strong and consistent.
20 – How Geo-thermal power and nuclear energy is source of non-conventional resource?
Ans – Geothermal Energy – Geothermal energy is heat energy derived from the earth. As we move deeper down the earth, the temperature climbs steadily. This heat energy can sometimes be found in the form of hot springs. This heat energy can be converted into electricity. For many years, geothermal energy in the form of hot springs has been used for cooking, heating, and bathing. The United States has the most geothermal power plants in the world, followed by New Zealand, Iceland, the Philippines, and Central America. Geothermal plants in India can be found in Manikaran, Himachal Pradesh, and Puga Valley, Ladakh.
Nuclear Power – Nuclear power is generated by storing energy in the nucleus of atoms of naturally occurring radioactive materials such as uranium and thorium. In nuclear reactors, these fuels undergo nuclear fission and emit power. The United States and Europe are the leading producers of nuclear energy. Uranium reserves are abundant in Rajasthan and Jharkhand in India. Thorium can be discovered in great levels in Kerala’s Monozite sands. Nuclear power plants in India can be found in Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, Tarapur, Maharashtra, Ranapratap Sagar near Kota, Rajasthan, Narora, Uttar Pradesh, and Kaiga, Karnataka.
Very Short answer Type Questions (Mark -1)
1) what is a mineral?
2) Give example of two minerals that we use daily?
3) Where the minerals are concentrated?
4) Mineral of which places are not easily accessible?
5) How the minerals are made?
6) On what basis the minerals can be identified?
7) What is a rock?
8) What is ore?
9) What are metallic minerals? Give examples
10) What are ferrous minerals? Give examples
11) What are non ferrous minerals? Give examples
12) What are non metallic minerals? Give examples
13) How the extraction of mineral is done?
14) What is mining?
15) What is open cast mining and shaft mining?
16) What is quarrying??
17) How does a rock look if it contains copper?
18) In general in which rocks the metallic minerals are found?
19) Name two mineral fuels?
20) Which two countries have large iron ore deposits?
21) Which continent produce more than half of the world’s tin?
22) Which countries are the leading tin producer of the world!?
23) _________leads in production of lead antimony and tungsten.
24) Which country doesn’t have any mineral deposit?
25) Which continent is the leading producer of iron ore in the world?
26) Name some of the countries which have large deposit of iron
27) What kind of minerals are found in Eastern Europe and European Russia?
28) Which country is the largest producer of high grade iron ore in the world?
29) Which countries are leading producers of copper?
30) Which country is the world’s largest producer of diamond gold and Platinum?
31) Which country is the largest producer of bauxite in the world?
32) Which areas of Western Australia have the largest deposit of gold?
33) What minerals are found in Antarctica?
34) What are the conventional sources of energy?
35) What is firewood and what is fossil fuel?
36) What is conventional energy and unconventional energy?
37) Which is the most abundantly found fossil fuel?
38) What is thermal power
39) Which mineral is referred to as burried sunshine?
40) Which are the coal producing areas of India?
41) Why petroleum is called black gold?
42) Which are the chief petroleum producing countries?
43) Which which is the largest producer of petroleum in India?
44) From which latin word petroleum has been derived?
45) Where is natural gas found?
46) Which countries are the major producers of natural gas?
47) In which areas of India natural gas is produced?
48) What is CNG?
49) Which was the first country in the world to produce hydroelectricity?
50) Name some of the important hydel power project of India?
51) Give some of the examples of non conventional source of energy?
52) What is solar energy?
53) Where is salal hydroelectric project located?
54) In which countries wind farms are found?
55) What is nuclear power?
56) Which are the greatest producers of nuclear power?
57) In India where large deposits of uranium and thorium is found?
58) In India where are the the nuclear power stations located?
59) What is geothermal energy?
60) What are the uses of geothermal energy?
61) Which country has the world’s largest geothermal power plants?
62) What is tidal energy?
63) The first tidal energy station was built in _____
64) What is biogas?
Short answer Type Questions (Marks_2)
1) How can the minerals be identified?
2) How many processes of extraction of minerals are there?
3) What are the uses of minerals?
4) Write about the conservation of minerals? Why is this important
5) How fossil fuel is made?
6) What are the advantages of soil and natural gas?
7) What are the advantages and disadvantages of firewood?
8) What are the advantages and disadvantages of coal as conventional source of energy?
9) What are the advantages and disadvantages of hydel power?
10) How coal are made?
11) How petroleum is made?
12) How do we use natural gas? What are the main concerns of using natural gas?
13) In which areas of India natural gas is found
14) How hydel power project works?
15) What are the advantages and disadvantages of wind energy solar energy and tidal energy?
16) Whatare the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy biogas and geothermal energy?
17) For what purpose solar energy is used?
18) How wind energy is is produced?
19) How geothermal energy is produced?
20) Elaborate the process of tidal energy?
21) What is biogas? How it is used? How biogas is made?
Long Answer Type Questions (Marks-5)
1) Describe the types of minerals with suitable examples
2) Describe the extraction process of minerals with examples
3) Describe briefly distribution of minerals continent wise
4) What are the benefits of non conventional energy resources
5) What are the disadvantages of non conventional sources of energy
Answer Section:
Mark-1
1) A naturally occurring substance that has a definite chemical composition is a mineral.
2) Salt and graphite in our pencil.
3) Minerals are concentrated in a particular area of Rock formation.
4) Minerals of Arctic Ocean bed and Antarctica are not easily accessible.
5) Minerals are formed in different types of geological environments under varying conditions.
6) Minerals can be identified on the basis of their physical properties such as colour density hardness and chemical property such as solubility.
7) Rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals but without definite composition of constituent of minerals.
8) Rocks from which minerals are mined are known as ores.
9) Metallic minerals are those which contain metal in Raw form. For example iron ore
10) Minerals which contains iron are called ferrous minerals. For example iron
11) Minerals which does not contain iron but may contain some other metals such as gold silver copper or late are called non ferrous minerals.
12) The minerals which contain metal are called metallic minerals.
13) By mining.
14) The process of taking out minerals from rocks buried under the Earth’s surface is called mining.
15) Minerals that lie at Shallow depths are taken out by removing the surface layer this is known as open cast mining. Deep boss are called shops. Which have to be made to reach mineral deposits that lie at great depths. This is called shaft mining.
16) Minerals that lie near the surface are simply dug out by the process known as quarrying
17) Blue
18) Internal in igneous Metamorphic and sedimentary rocks minerals are found.
19) Two mineral fuels are Petroleum And coal.
20) China and India
21) Asia
22) China Malaysia and Indonesia are among the world’s leading tin producers.
23) China
24) Switzerland.
25) Europe
26) Russia Ukraine Sweden and France.
27) Copper lead zinc manganese and Nickel.
28) Brazil
29) Chile and Peru
30) Africa continent
31) Australia
32) AKalgoorlie and Coolgardue regions.
33) Iron gold silver and oil.
34) Firewood and fossil fule.
35) .
36) Fossil fuels such as Coal Petroleum and natural gas are the conventional energy. Natural gas, wind, tide are some of the unconventional energies
37) Coal
38) Electricity from coal is called Thermal Power.
39) Coal.
40) Raniganj Dhanbad Bokaro and Jharia.
41) Petroleum is called black gold because it is very valuable.
42) Iran Iraq Saudi Arabia and Qatar.
43) Digboi of Assam.
44) Petra.
45) Natural gas is found with petroleum deposits.
46) Russia Norway UK and the Netherlands.
47) In India Jaisalmer Krishna Godavari Delta Tripura and some areas near Mumbai have natural gas resources.
48) Compressed natural gas.
49) Norway.
50) Bakra Nangal Gandhinagar nagarjunsagar and Damodar Valley project.
51) Solar energy wind energy tidal energy.
52) Producing electricity from the sun’s heat is called solar energy.
53) Jammu and Kashmir
54) Netherlands Germany Denmark UK USA and Spain.
55) Nuclear power is up into from energy stored in the new place of items of naturally occurring radioactive elements like you Daniel and Torium
56) USA and Europe.
57) Kerala
58) Kalpakkam in Tamilnadu, Tarapur in Maharashtra, Rana Pratap Sagar near Kota in Rajasthan, Narora in Uttar Pradesh and kaiga in Karnataka
59) Heat energy obtained from the earth is called geothermal energy.
60) Geothermal Energy is used to generate power
61) USA
62) Energy generated from Tides is called tidal energy
63) France
64) Organic waste such as did plant and animal materials animal dung and Kitchen waste can be converted into gaseous fuel is called biogas.
Marks-2
1) Minerals can be divided into metallic and non metallic form.
2) Mining drilling and quarrying are some of the the process of extraction of minerals
3) Minerals are used in many ways. Dear used in the production of energy for example electricity.
4) It takes thousands of years for the formation and concentration of minerals. The rate of formation is much smaller than the rate at which the humans consume these minerals. It is important to conserve minerals for our future generations.
5) Remains of plants and animals which are buried under the Earth for millions of years got converted by the heat and pressure into fossil fuels.
6) .
7) Some of the advantages of fire rules are: it is easily available and can be used very easily. Some of the disadvantages are: it creates a lot of smoke and pollution which is dangerous to our environment.
8) Advantages of coal are: it can be found very easily and used without any e effort, it can be used in its raw form. Some of the disadvantages are it creates a lot of smoke and caused environmental damages.
9) Advantages of Hydel power projects are: it can generate huge amount of electricity and cause a minimum amount of environmental damage.
The main disadvantage of Hydel power project is it is very expensive.
10) The cool which we are using today was formed millions of years ago when giant Ferns and swamps got buried under the layers of earth.
11) Previously discussed
12) We use natural gas as a domestic and industrial fuel.
13) In India Jaisalmer Krishna Godavari Delta Tripura and some areas near Mumbai have natural gas resources
14) Rain water or river water stored in dams is made to fall from Heights. The following water flows through pipe inside the dam over turbine blades placed at the bottom of the dam. The moving blade then turn the generator to produce electricity.
15) Advantages are: these are renewable and it it does not harm our environment. The main disadvantage is that these are very expensive.
16) Advantages: they produce a huge amount of electricity in minimum time. These advantages are: sources of these energies are limited in in our world and cause heavy natural damage.
17) Solar energy is mainly used to produce electricity.
18) In modern time wind mills, the high speed winds rotate the windmill which is connected to a generator to produce electricity.
19) The temperature in the interior of the earth Rises steadily as we go deeper. Sometimes this heat energy may surface itself in form of hot Springs. This heat energy can be used to generate power.
20) Tidal energy can be harnessed by building Dams at Naru openings of the sea. During high tide the energy of the Tides is used to turn the turbine installed in the dam to produce electricity.
21) Previously discussed
Marks-5
(1) Minerals are of two kinds which are metallic and nonmetallic. Metallic minerals are divided into ferrous and nonferrous Minerals. Example of metallic minerals are iron and copper. Examples of non metallic minerals is graphite. Example of ferrous mineral is Iron and the example of non ferrous minerals are Nickle, copper etc.
(2) There are three main extraction procedures of minerals. Which are mining drilling and quarrying. Mining is subdivided into points. These are open cast mining and shaft mining.