NCERT Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Land Soil Water Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Extra Questions and Answers
Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Extra Inside Questions and Answers – Land Soil Water Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources. Here in this Page Class VIII Students can Learn Extra Questions & Answer 2nd Chapter Geography fully Inside.
We Provided Here Land Soil Water Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Geography Chapter 2 Long Answer Type Question, MCQ Questions & Answer, Short Answer Type Questions (2 or 3 marks), and Very Short answer Type Question (1 marks) Solution.
Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Extra Question with Answer – Land Soil Water Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources
MCQ
1 – Tanzania is a small village of which country?
a.) Africa
b.) India
c.) Singapore
d.) Australia
Ans – Option A (Africa)
2) What are the types of land?
i) 3
ii) 4
iii) 2
Ans- iii) 2
3 – Kinnaur district is in which state of India?
a.) Rajasthan
b.) Tamil Nadu
c.) Himachal Pradesh
d.) Assam
Ans – Option C (Himachal Pradesh)
4) Earth is also known as —
i) Water planet
ii) Air planet
iii) Fire planet
Ans- i) Water planet
5 – How much earth surface is covered with water?
a.) 1/4
b.) 2/4
c.) 3/4
d.) 4/4
Ans – Option C (3/4)
6) Earth’s surface covered with water is —
i) 1/4
ii) 2/4
iii) 3/4
Ans- iii) 3/4
7 – Bee provides us what?
a.) Milk
b.) Honey
c.) Meat
d.) Wool
Ans – Option B (Honey)
8) What is the percentage of land cover of the earth?
i) 90%
ii) 50%
iii) 30%
Ans- iii) 30%
Very Short
1 – 90% of world population occupy how much percent of land area?
Ans – 30%
2 – What is suitable land for agriculture?
Ans – Plains and river valleys
3 – Define term “Land use”
Ans – Land use means when a land is used for a specific purpose, like agriculture, mining or building houses.
4 – Classify land on the bases of ownership.
Ans – Private land and community land.)
5 – Community land are also called as?
Ans – Common property resources.
6 – Define soil.
Ans – Soil refers to the thin layer of grainy substance that covers the earth’s surface.
7 – What are major factor of soil formation?
Ans – Major factors are nature of parent rock and climate factor.
8 – What are major threats to soil?
Ans – Soil erosion and depletion
9 – Today, oceans cover how much earth surface?
Ans – Today oceans cover two-thirds of earth surface.
10 – fresh water only account about how much per cent?
Ans – 2.7 per cent.
11 – 70% of water occurs from ice sheets and glaciers of which place?
Ans – Antarctica, Greenland and mountain regions.
12 – How much per cent of water is available and fir for human use?
Ans – Only 1%.
13 – Why water scarcity is caused?
Ans – It is caused because of over-exploitation and contamination of water sources.
14 – Name few things wildlife provides us.
Ans – They provide us milk, meat, hides and wool.
15 – Growth of vegetation depends on?
Ans – Temperature and moisture
16 – Name major vegetation type of world.)
Ans – Major vegetation type are groped as – grassland, forests, tundra and scrubs.
17 – Thorny shrubs are grown in which area?
Ans – Thorny shrubs grow in dry areas of low rainfall.
18 – Write full form of “CITES”
Ans – The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
19 – Name the thin layer of the Earth’s surface.
Ans – Soil.
Short
1 – What is the reason for the uneven distribution of population in land area?
Ans – The uneven distribution of population in different parts of the world is mainly due to varied characteristics of land and climate.
2 – State some characteristics which divide the land area in different parts of world.)
Ans – These are –
1.) Rugged Topography
2.) Steep slopes of the mountains
3.) Low – lying areas susceptible to water logging
4.) Desert area
- )Thick forested areas
3 – A land is used for what purpose?
Ans – A land is used for different purpose such as –
- Agriculture
- Building houses
- Mining
- Roads
- Forestry
- Setting up of industries
4 – Name some physical factors on which use of land is determined.)
Ans – Topography, soil, climate, minerals and availability of water.
5 – Name two human factors which determine the use of land.)
Ans – Population and technology.
6 – Define private land and community land.)
Ans – Private land means land owned by individuals like building their own house, whereas community land is owned by community for common use like community hospital etc.)
7 – What are some major threats to the environment?
Ans – Some major threats to the environment are –
- Land degradation
- Landslide
- Soil erosion
- Desertification
8 – What are some common methods used to conserve land resources?
Ans – Some common methods are –
- Afforestation
- Land reclamation
- Regulated use of chemical pesticide
- Fertilisers
- Checks on overgrazing
9 – What do you mean by soil?
Ans – Soil is the name given to the thin layer of granular material that covers the earth’s surface. It is very connected to the land.) The type of soil depends on landforms. Soil is made up of organic matter, minerals, and weathered rocks that can be found on the earth’s surface. This occurs as a result of the weathering process. The appropriate mineral and organic matter balance makes the soil fruitful.
10 – What do you mean by landslides?
Ans – A landslide is simply the mass movement of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. They frequently occur in conjunction with earthquakes, floods, and volcanoes.
11 – Write a note on soil profile.
Ans – Soil basically has 4 layers, the bottom layer is called as “Parent rock” above which there is “Weathered rock material” the it has “sub soil with sand, slit and clay” and the “top soil is with Humus and vegetation”.
12 – Nam ethe factors which degrade to soil degradation.
Ans – Factors which lead to soil degradation are – deforestation, overuse of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, rain wash, overgrazing, floods and landslides.
13 – Explain Shelter belts as method of soil conservation.
Ans – In this method – Rows of trees are planted to block wind movement in the coastal and dry regions to protect soil cover.
14 – Why Ocean water is not fit for human consumption?
Ans – Because Ocean water is saline. It contains various kinds of salt in it which make it impossible for human to drink or do any other work from this water.
15 – The 1% water available for human consumption can be found where?
Ans – It is found as ground water, surface water in river and lake and water vapours in the atmosphere.
16 – Human uses huge amount of water for what purpose?
Ans – For drinking and washing. Water is also used for different purpose like agriculture, industries, generating electricity through dams etc.)
17 – What are factors leading to shortage of supply in fresh water?
Ans – Increasing population, rising demand for food and cash crops, raising standard of living, increasing urbanisation.
18 – Name the countries which are facing shortage of water supply.
Ans – Africa, West Asia, South Asia, parts of western USA, north-west Mexico, parts of South America and entire Australia.)
19 – What is biosphere?
Ans – In biosphere, all living beings are inter related and interdependent on each other for their survival.
20 – What is called as ecosystem?
The life supporting system where all living beings are dependent on each other is called as ecosystem.
21 – Why plants are important?
Ans – Plants give shelter to animals. They produce oxygen we breath, protect soils, act as a shelter belt, give us fruits, nuts, latex, turpentine oil, gum, they also provide us timberand help in storage of underground water.
22 – What are major reasons for extinction of natural resources?
Ans – Deforestation,soil erosion, constructional activities, forestfires, tsunami and landslides.
23 – What is CITES?
Ans – It is an international agreement between countries. Its goal is to ensure that worldwide trading in wild animal and plant specimens does not endanger their survival. About 5,000 animal species and 28,000 plant species are protected.) Examples include bears, dolphins, cactus, coral, orchids, and aloes.
Long
1 – Explain some mitigation techniques of landslide.
Ans – Some techniques are –
- Hazard mapping is used to identify areas prone to landslides. As a result, such areas should be avoided for building settlements.
- Building a retention wall to keep the land from slipping.
- Increased vegetation cover to prevent landslides.
- Surface drainage control works to control landslide movement as well as rain and spring flows
2 – Name all the factors affecting the soil formation.
Ans –Factors affectioning formation of soil are –
a.) Parent rock
b.) Relief
c.) Flora, Fauna and Micro-organism
d.) Time
- Climate
- Topography
- Role of organic material
3 – How the factors of parent rock, relief, climate, Flora, Fauna and time affect the formation of soil?
Ans – Parent rock – determines colour, texture, chemical properties mineral, content, permeability.
Relief – It determines the Altitude and slope, determine accumulation of soil.
Climate – Temperature, rainfall influence, rate of weathering and human formation.
Flora, Fauna and Micro – organism – They affect the rate of humus formation
Time – determine thickness of soil profile.
4 – Name any 6 types of soil present in India.)
Ans – In India soils could be –
1.) Alluvial Soil
2.) Mountain Soil
3.) Black Soil
4.) Red Soil
5.) Laterite Soil
6.) Desertic Soil.
5 –Name some methods of soil conservation.
Ans – Some methods are listed below –
- Mulching
- Contour barriers
- Rock dam
- Terrace farming
- Intercropping
- Contour ploughing
- Shelter belts
6 – Explain in detail – Mulching, Terrace farming and Contour ploughing as method of soil conservation.
Ans –Mulching – A layer of organic matter, such as straw, covers the bare ground between plants. It aids in the retention of soil moisture.
Terrace farming – On steep slopes, broad flat steps or terraces are built to provide flat surfaces for crop cultivation. They help to reduce surface runoff and soil erosion.
Contour ploughing
Ploughing parallel to a hill slope’s contours to create a natural barrier for water to flow down the slope.
7 – Explain in detail – Contour barriers, rock dam, intercropping as method of soil conservation.
Ans – Contour barriers – Barriers are constructed along contours using stones, grass, and soil. For the purpose of gathering water, trenches are built in front of the barriers.
Rock dam – In order to delay the flow of water, rocks are stacked up. This stops further soil loss and gullies.
Intercropping – To protect the soil from rain wash, different crops are cultivated in alternate rows and are sowed at different times.
8 – What is referred as water cycle?
Ans – The most valuable resource on earth is fresh water. The planet cannot have more or less water in it. Its overall volume does not change. Due to its ongoing movement through the oceans, the atmosphere, the land, and back again via the processes of evaporation, precipitation, and runoff, its abundance merely appears to vary. This process is referred to as water cycle.
9 – Write a note on Conservation of water resource.
Ans – One of the biggest issues the globe is currently experiencing is access to sufficient and clean water sources. It is necessary to take action to preserve this finite resource. Water is a renewable resource, but over usage and contamination render it unusable. Major contaminants include the discharge of untreated or imperfectly treated sewage, agricultural chemicals, and industrial effluents into water bodies. They contaminate the water with metals, pesticides, and nitrates. The majority of these substances are not biodegradable and enter the bodies of humans through water. By properly treating these effluents before releasing them into aquatic bodies, water pollution can be reduced.)
The cover of trees and other vegetation reduces surface runoff and replenishes the groundwater Another way to prevent surface runoff is through water harvesting. To reduce losses from water seepage, irrigation canals should be well lined.) Sprinklers control water losses due to seepage and evaporation to properly irrigate the area.) Drip or trickle irrigation is highly beneficial in dry areas with high evaporation rates. So, using these irrigation techniques can help conserve the precious water resource.
10 – Write few solutions that should be followed to protect the natural vegetation and wildlife.
Ans – Forests are our greatest asset. Animals find shelter in plants, and together they help to preserve the ecosystem. Loss of a plant or animal’s native habitat can result from climatic changes and human involvement. To protect our vegetation, National parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves are established.) To prevent the depletion of the precious resource, creeks, lakes, and wetlands must be conserved.)
Awareness programmes such as social forestry and Vanamohatasava should be promoted at the regional and community levels. In order for schoolchildren to appreciate the habitat of various species, it should be encouraged for them to go bird watching and to nature camps. Like many other countries laws need to be stricter and there should be a balance in the environment.
More Question Answers:-
Very Short Answer Type Questions (Mark-1)
1) Name some of the most important natural resources?
2) How much percent of the total area of the world is occupied by land?
3) what is the main reason behind the uneven distribution of population in different parts of the world?
4) Which kind of topography offers suitable land for agriculture?
5) What is land use?
6) What are common property resources?
7) Why do people start encroaching the common land area?
8) What are the dangers that are being faced by the soil?
9) What is weathering?
10) What is afforestation?
11) What is soil? What determines the type of soil?
12) What is soil made of?
13) What make the soil fertile?
14) How much time it takes to make just one centimetre of soil?
15) What are the major factors of soil formation?
16) What is the biggest threat to soil as a resource now a days?
17) Water is a vital__________resource.
18) How much of the Earth’s surface is covered with water?
19) Why earth is called water planet?
20) Where did life begin first 3.5 billion years ago?
21) Why ocean water is not fit for human consumption?
22) How much percent of total voter in the world is fit for human use?
23) How much percent of water that can be used by humans are in form of ice sheets?
24) How much water is dripping tap waste in a year?
25) How much percent of water that can be used by humans are are available and fit for human use?
26) In what forms water it is present in our atmosphere?
27) What is the most precious substance on earth?
28) Why the total volume of water remains constant?
29) What is evaporation and precipitation?
30) What is water cycle?
31) What are the uses of water by human?
32) Which city in saurashtra is completely dependent on purchasing water from the nearby talukas?
33) Why river yamuna is getting polluted?
34) What is biosphere?
35) What is ecosystem?
36) What does wildlife include?
37) What does wildlife provide us?
38) What are the factors on which the growth of vegetation depend?
39) What are the major vegetation types of the world?
40) Where does thorny shrubs and scrubs grow?
41) Who gives us shelter and maintain the ecosystem?
42) Name some of the natural and human made processes of extinction of the resources
43) What is poaching?
44) Why the national parks wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves are made?
45) What would happen if there is no balance in the environment?
46) What is a national park?
47) What is a biosphere reserve?
48) Why banomahotsav should be encouraged?
49) What is the full form of CITES?
50) Name a biosphere reserve and a national park?
In case you have missed:- NCERT Extra Questions for Agriculture
Short Answer Type Questions (Marks-2)
1) Give examples of of various kind of topographies of land.
2) Why plains and river valleys are populated densely?
3) For what purposes land is used?
4) What are the factors that determine the use of land?
5) Classify land on the basis of ownership with proper explanation
6) Why the demand of land is increasing day by day and why people are encroaching the common land?
7) What does the encroachment ofland affects the land?
8) How to conserve our land resources?
9) What are the materials of soil? How soil are made?
10) What makes soil fertile
11) What is landslide?
12) What are the factors of soil formation. Give examples
13) What are the reasons behind soil degradation?
14) What is water cycle? Explain
15) In what purposes does human use water?
16) What are the problems of water availability?
17) What is rain water harvesting? Explain
18) Give the definition of biosphere and ecosystem? Why there are important to us?
19) Why vultures in Indian subcontinent were dying of kidney failure?
20) What does wildlife give us?
21) Which animal are being poached and why?
22) What is the role of animal in maintaining the balance of environment?
23) What are the reasons behind forest fire?
24) How to control forest fire?
Long Answer Type Questions (Marks-5)
1) Why land is important for our existence? How do we use land? What are the problems that are faced by land
2) What is landslide? What are the reasons behind a landslide? How can we prevent or mitigate a landslide?
3) What are the factors of soil formation. Describe elaborately
4) Mention seven kinds of of soil conservations and their definitions.
5) Why water is important to us? What percent of total water can we use? How the water is getting polluted? What is the problem with water availability?
6) How to conserve water resources? Elaborate
7) How natural vegetation and wildlife maintain balance of our Earth?
8) Give a detailed account of distribution of natural vegetation.
9) What is CITES? WHY IT IS IMPORTANT?
Answer Section:
Mark-1
1) Land soil water natural vegetation and animals are some of the important natural resources.
2) 30%
3) Because of varied characteristics of land and climate.
4) Plains and river valleys of a suitable land for agriculture.
5) Land is used for different purposes such as agriculture Forestry mining building of industries. This is is known as land use.
6) Community lands are called common property resources.
7) People started encroaching the common land area for commercial purposes .
8) People have started encroaching the common land to build up commercial areas and Housing complexes in the urban areas and to expand the agricultural land in the rural areas.
9) The breaking up and decay of exposed rocks is known as weathering.
10) Cutting up of Huge quantity of trees is known as afforestation.
11) The thin layer of grainy substance covering the surface of the earth is called soil.
12) Soil is made up of organic matter minerals and weathered rocks.
13) The Right Mix of minerals and organic matters make the soil fertile.
14) It takes hundreds of years to make just one centimetre of soil.
15) The major factors of soil formation are the nature of the parent Rock and climatic factors.
16) Soil erosion and depletion are the major threats to soil as a resource.
17) Natural
18) One third of the Earth’s surface is covered with water.
19) Earth is called water planet because the one third portion of earth is covered with water and life cannot be present without water in this earth.
20) In primitive oceans.
21) Because of the saline character of ocean water it is not fit for human use.
22) 2.7%
23) 70%.
24) A dripping tap Wastes 1200 litres of water in a year
25) 1%.
26) In form of vapour
27) Water is the most precious substance on earth
28) Because water can neither be added or subtracted from the Earth.
29) The process by which the water of Earth gets heated by the sunlight and as a result vapour mixes with our atmosphere is called evaporation.
The process by which rain falls is called precipitation.
30) The continuous process of evaporation precipitation and runoff of is called water cycle.
31) People use water in agriculture industries in generating electricity.
32) Amreli.
33) River Yamuna is getting polluted due to sewage Industrial effluents and garbage.
34) Natural vegetation and wildlife exist only in the narrow zone of contact between the lithosphere Hydrosphere And Atmosphere that we call biosphere.
35) The life supporting system in a biosphere is known as ecosystem.
36) Wildlife includes animals birds insects as well as the aquatic life forms.
37) Wildlife provides us Honey milk meat and wool.
38) The growth of vegetation depends primarily on temperature and moisture.
39) The major vegetation types of the world are grouped as forests grasslands scrubs and Tundra.
40) In the desert area.
41) Trees
42) Deforestation soil erosion constructional activities forest fires tsunami and landslides are some of the human and natural factors which accelerate the process of extinction of our resources.
43) The process of killing animals for economic purposes is known as poaching.
44) To safeguard the wildlife.
45) Our society will collapse.
46) A natural area designated to protect the ecological integrity of one or more ecosystems for the present and future generations is known as National Park.
47) A series of protected areas linked through a global network intended to demonstrate the relationship between conservation and development is known as biosphere reserve
48) Spread awareness about the positives of conservation of wildlife and vegetation.
49) The convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora.
Marks-2
1) Examples of various kinds of topographies of land are: the rugged topography, slope of the mountains, low line areas, desert areas and thick forest areas.
2) Plains and river valleys offers with table land for agriculture. So they are densely populated.
3) Land is used for different purposes such as agriculture Forestry mining building houses roads and setting up of industries.
4) The use of land is determined by physical factors such as topography soil climate Minerals and availability of water. Human factors such as pollution and Technology are also important determinants of land use pattern.
5) Land can be classified on the basis of ownership as- private and community land.
6) The demand of land is increasing day by day because without land our progress of the society will come to a standstill.
7) It causes Land Degradation landslides soil erosion deforestation.
8) Afforestation land reclamation regulated use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers and checks on overgrazing are some of the common methods used to conserve land resource.
9) Soil is made up of organic matter minerals and withered rocks found on the earth.
10) The Right Mix of minerals and organic matter make the soil fertile.
11) Landslides are simply defined as the mass movement of rocks down a slope.
12) The major factors of soil formation are the nature of the parent Rock and climatic factors.
13) Deforestation overgrazing overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are some of the the reasons behind soil degradation.
14) Previously discussed
15) Previously discussed
16) Only one percent of freshwater is available and fit for human use. All other forms of water and not fit for human use.
17) Rainwater harvesting is the process of collecting rainwater from rooftops and directing it to an appropriate location where it is stored for future use.
18) Previously discussed
19) Vultures in the Indian subcontinent were dying of Kidney failure shortly after scavenging livestock treated with diclofenac, a painkiller that is similar to aspirin.
20) Previously discussed
21) The animals are poached for collection and illegal trade of skins nails teeth horns as well as feathers.
22) Previously discussed
23) The reasons behind forest fire are: 1) natural fire due to lightning 2) fire due to heat generated in the litter due to carelessness of people.
24) Some controlling measures of forest fire are: 1) prevention of fire through education 2) prompt detection of fire through well coordinator network of observation points.
Marks-5
1) Land is important for our existence because it is used for different purposes such as agriculture Forestry mining building houses roads and setting up of industries. Without the existence of land power progress will come to a standstill. For the growth of our world land is one of the most important mediums.
Some problems that are faced while and are overgrazing, deforestation, overuse of of pesticides and fertilizers.
2) Previously discussed
3) The major factors of Sean formation of the nature of the parent Rock and climatic factors. Other factors are the topography, role of organic materials and time taken for the composition of soil formation. All these differ from place to place
5) Previously discussed
6) Previously discussed
7) Previously discussed
8) Previously discussed
9) CITES is an international agreement between governments. It aims to ensure the international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. Roughly five thousand species of animals and 28000 species of plants are protected. Bears dolphins corals for kids and aloes are some examples.
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