NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 15 Our Environment Extra Questions and Answers
Class 10 Science Chapter 15 Extra Questions and Answers – Our Environment. Here in this Page Class X Students can Learn Extra Questions & Answer 15th Chapter Science (Biology) fully Inside.
We Provided Here Our Environment Science Chapter 15 Long Answer Type Question, Very Short Type Questions (VSA) / Multiple Choice Type Questions, Short Type Questions (SA).
Class 10 Science Chapter 15 Extra Question with Answer – Our Environment
Science Chapter 15 Our Environment Class 10 Inside 5 Marks, 3 marks, 2 Marks & And 1 Marks Important Questions and Answers.
Que. 1. Attempt the following mcqs
1.) All the interacting organisms living in an particular area together with the non-living components of the environment forms………………………
a) Ecosystem
b) Biosystem
c) Geosystem
d) Solar system
Ans. a. Ecosystem
Hint: Ecosystem is formed by the interacting organisms living in an particular area together with the non-living components of the environment.
2.) Non- living components in an ecosystem are known as…………………components.
a) Biotic
b) Abiotic
c) Phenotics
d) None of the above
Ans. b. Abiotic
Hint: Non- living components in an ecosystem are known as abiotic components.
3.) Forests, ponds and lakes are …………………..ecosystems.
a) Natural
b) Man- made
c) Both natural and man- made
d) None of the above
Ans. a. Natural
Hint: Forests, ponds and lakes are natural ecosystems as man has no role in their operation.
4.) All green plants are………………………………
a) Consumers
b) Detrivores
c) Producers
d) Carnivores
Ans. c. Producers
Hint: All green plants are Producers as they can synthesize their own food material using simple substances.
5.) The green plants in a terrestrial ecosystem can capture about …………………………of the light energy that falls on their leaves and convert it into food energy.
a) 10%
b) 100%
c) 1%
d) 1.2%
Ans. c. 1%
Hint: only 1% of the totsl light energy that falls on the leaves of green plants is got converted into the food energy.
6.) The flow of energy is…………………………………….
a) bidirectional
b) unidirectional
c) multidirectional
d) none of the above.
Ans. b. unidirectional
Hint: The flow of energy is always unidirectional as it takes place in one direction.
7.) ……………………………….. enzymes are needed for the break-down of a particular substance.
a) General
b) Specific
c) Typical
d) Analytical
Ans. b. Specific
8.) Substances that can be broken down by biological processes are called as ………………..substances.
a) Thermodegradable
b) Geodegradable
c) Biodegradable
d) Chemodegradable
Ans. c. Biodegradable
Hint: Biodegradable substances are the substances that can be broken down by biological processes.
9.) The energy available at each trophic level gets decreased progressively due to …………………………………..of the available energy at each level.
a) Multiplication
b) Loss
c) Addition
d) None of the above
Ans. b. loss
Hint: there occurs loss during the progression of energy from one tropic level to the next. Hence, energy available at each trophic level gets decreased progressively due to loss of available energy at each level.
10.) Ozone molecule is formed by …………………….atoms of oxygen.
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Ans. c, three
Hint: Ozone molecule is formed by three atoms of oxygen. Molecular oxygen by two oxygen atoms whereas element oxygen is made of single atom of oxygen.
2.) Answer the following questions:
1.) Give the examples of ecosystems you are familiar with?
Ans. garden, forests, ponds and lakes, crop-fields are the examples of ecosystems.
2.) How consumers can be classified?
Ans. Consumers can be classified as herbivores, carnivores, omnivores and parasites.
3.) What are the examples of decomposers?
Ans. Bacteria and fungi are the examples of decomposers.
4.) Define food chain?
Ans. The series of organisms taking part at various biotic levels, feeding on one another form a food chain.
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5.) Give an example of food chain?
Ans.
1.) tree –> deer –> tiger.
2.) Grass –> grasshopper –> frog –> snake –> vulture.
6.) Give the examples of producers?
Ans. All green plants and certain types of bacteria are producers.
7.) Name the herbivore you know?
Ans. deer, cow, goat, grasshopper, all are the herbivores.
8.) Name the carnivore you know?
Ans. lion, tiger, leopard, all are carnivores.
9.) What are trophic levels?
Ans. Each step or level of the food chain formsis called as trophic level.
Que.3. Answer the following questions in short:
1.) Define ecosystem?
Ans. All the interacting organisms living in an particular area together with the non-living components of the environment forms ecosystem.
2.) Enlist the biotic components in an ecosystem you know?
Ans. an ecosystem consists of various biotic components comprising of all the living organisms such as producers like plants, consumers including herbivores like goat, cow and carnivores like lion, tiger, etc.
3.) What are the abiotic components of the ecosystem?
Ans. abiotic components of an ecosystem are comprising of the physical or non- living factors such as temperature, rainfall, wind, soil and minerals.
4.) Define consumers?
Organisms that are dependent on the producers directly or indirectly for their existence as they are unable to prepare their own food material are the consumers.
5.) Define decomposers?
Ans. Some microorganisms can break-down the complex dead organic substances into simple inorganic substances called as decomposers.
6.) Define biodegradable substances?
Ans. Substances that can be broken down by biological processes are called as biodegradable substances.
7.) We can classify the organisms as producers, consumers and decomposers. This classification is based on which parameter?
Ans. We can classify the organisms as producers, consumers and decomposers according to the manner by which organisms obtain their sustenance from the environment.
8.) Solar energy is got converted into which type of energy by autotrophs?
Ans. The autotrophs capture the energy present in sunlight called as solar energy and they convert this energy into energy of food known as chemical energy.
9.) Define food web?
Ans. Each organism has the possibility to get eaten by two or more other kinds of organisms which in turn are eaten by several other organisms. So instead of having a straight line in a food chain, the relationship among the feeding habits of organisms can be shown as a series of branching lines which are called as a food web.
Que. 4. Long answer questions:
1.) Write a note on producers?
Ans. producers are the organisms that can make the organic compounds like sugar and starch from the available pool of inorganic substances by using the energy of the Sun with the help of the chlorophyll pigment. All green plants and certain types of bacteria can produce food by photosynthesis are the producers.
2.) Why autotrophs or producers are at first trophic level? Explain.
Trophic level is the position of an organism acquired depending upon its food source.
The autotrophs or the producers are at the first trophic level because they have ability to make their own food material by fixing up the solar energy and make this energy available for heterotrophs or the consumers.
3.) Write a note on trophic level?
Ans. Each step or the level of the food chain can be called as the trophic level. The autotrophs or the producers are at the first trophic level as they have ability to fix up the solar energy and make it available for heterotrophs or the consumers. The herbivores or the primary consumers come at the second trophic level as they acquire their energy by consuming autotrophs. small carnivores or the secondary consumers at the third trophic level because they are dependent on the herbivores for their energy and larger carnivores or the tertiary consumers form the fourth trophic level because they eat small carnivores or the secondary consumers to get energy to drive their life cycle.
4.) Write a note on ozone and its formation?
Ans. Ozone molecule is formed by three atoms of oxygen. Ozone, is a deadly poisonous gas. It is Present at the upper levels of the atmosphere. ozone performs an essential function of shielding the surface of the earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the Sun. This radiationis are highly damaging to the living organisms hence organisms get protected due to presence of ozone layer. Ozone present at the upper levels of the atmosphere is formed by the UV radiation acting on the oxygen (O2) molecule. The higher energy of the UV radiations present in light splits some molecular oxygen (O2) into the free oxygen (O) atoms. These atoms then combine with the molecular oxygen (O2) to form ozone.
5.) Why it is necessary to make CFC-free refrigerators for all the refrigeration manufacturing companies
Ans. It was 1980 when the amount of ozone in the atmosphere began to drop sharp. This decrease in ozone layer is due to the use of the synthetic chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which are used as refrigerants in refrigerators or fridge and also in the fire extinguishers. Therefore, in 1987, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) was successful in having an agreement to stop the production of CFC at 1986 levels as it was degrading the ozone layer making the living organisms to expose to harmful UV- rays. Therefore, by this agreement, it is mandatory for all the refrigeration manufacturing companies to make CFC-free refrigerators throughout the world.
6.) Explain why energy flow is unidirectional?
Ans. autotrophs can make their own food maerials but heterotrophs are dependent on the autotrophs to get their own food. Autorophs have ability to synthesize food material by using inorganic compounds and sunlight. The solar energy that is captured by the autotrophs during food preparation cannot be reverted back to the sun. Also, herbivores eat autotrophs to get energy and this energy which passes to the herbivores from autotrophs does not come back to autotrophs. Similar is the case with carnivores. The enrgy from carnivores cannot be reverted back to the herbivores. Therefore, we can conclude from the above observation that the energy moves progressively through the various trophic levels and it is no longer available to the previous trophic level. Also, the energy available at each trophic level gets diminished progressively due to loss of energy due to respiration and maintenance at each trophic level.
7.) Explain why food chains are of only three or four steps in their length and not more?
Green plants are able to synthesize their own food material using simple inorganic compounds and incoming solar energy. Consumers cannot synthesize their own food material and hence they have to be dependent on producers for energy. When this green plants also called producers are eaten by the primary consumers or herbivores, some amount of energy is lost as heat to the environment, some amount goes into digestion of the food product and in doing work and the rest goes towards growth and reproduction of the herbivorous animal. An average of 10% of the energy is available into its own body for doing work and is made available for the next level of the consumers called as carnivores. Out of the total energy, only 10% of the energy or amount of organic matter that is present at each step and reaches to the next level of consumers. Since lots of energy is got lost because of life processes like digestion, growth and reproduction, during each level of the food chain, little energy is available for the next level of consumers, food chains generally consist of only three or four steps and not more than that.
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