Mindmap of Life Processes Chapter for Class 10 Students. This Mindmap will help Students to remember all important notes and topics at exam time.
Life Processes Mind Map:
Nutrition:
- To grow, develop, synthesis protein and other substances which are needed to our body from outside which only comes from food we eat.
- The organisms which prepare their own food of nutrition are called as autotrophs. Green plants and some bacteria are the autotrophs.
- While the organisms which directly or indirectly depends for their survival on the autotrophs are the heterotrophs. Heterotrophs includes animals and fungi.
Autotrophic Nutrition:
- Green plants which are autotrophs produce their food by the process of photosynthesis. In this process CO2 and water taken from outside will be converted into the carbohydrates in the presence of sunlight and the chlorophyll.
- The following reaction shows the process of photosynthesis which occurs in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
6CO2 + 12H2O —-> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
- The main events which are carried out in the process of photosynthesis are as follows.
- Initially sunlight will be absorbed by the chlorophyll
- Then light energy will be converted into chemical energy and also water molecule splitting takes place into hydrogen and oxygen.
- Finally, CO2 get reduced into carbohydrates.
- The green dots which are present in the cell organelles called as chloroplast and which contains chlorophyll pigment which plays most important role in case of photosynthesis.
Heterotrophic nutrition:
- The types of nutrition will be different on the basis of its type, availability an how it is obtained by the organisms. Sometimes food sources are stationary like grass and sometimes they are mobile such as deer.
- The organisms’ fungi like bread moulds, yeast and mushrooms breaks the food material outside the body and then absorbs it.
- While other organisms take whole food inside the body and then break it.
Nutrition in Human Beings:
- While eating something our mouth waters this is called as saliva which is secreted by the salivary glands. The food ingested by us which is in complex nature is broken into smaller molecules and it is done by the biological catalysts called as enzymes.
- The complex molecule starch gets broken into simple sugar molecule with the help of an enzyme called as salivary amylase. The food gets chewing by the muscular tongue after mixing throughout with the saliva.
- The food is taken to stomach with the help of food pipe called as oesophagus. The gastric glands in the stomach releases hydrochloric acid and a protein digestive enzyme called as pepsin and mucus.
Respiration:
The following figure shows the breakdown of glucose by various pathways.
Fermentation:
- The process in which pyruvate can be converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide is called as fermentation.
Anaerobic respiration:
- The process takes place in the absence of oxygen is called as anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic respiration:
- The process which is takes place in the presence of oxygen is called as aerobic respiration.
- The energy which is released in the process of cellular respiration is mainly used to synthesise the molecule of ATP.
- In Human being during the respiration air is taken into nostrils and also filtered by the line in the passage.
- Then this air passes though the throat into the lungs. The balloon like structure namely alveoli give the surface where exchange of gases occurs. The CO2 is taken by blood from the body and released into the alveoli and oxygenated blood is transported to all the cells in the body.
- CO2 is more soluble in water than oxygen and hence mostly transported in the dissolved form in the blood.
Transportation:
Transportation in Human Beings:
Our pump – The heart
Our heart size is as same as our fist. Heart has different chambers because both oxygen and carbon dioxide is transported by the blood.
- Oxygenated blood from lungs comes to the upper chamber on the left which is left atrium. When left atrium contracts then left ventricle relaxes and hence blood get transported into it. When this left ventricle contracts the oxygenated blood is pumped out to the body.
- While deoxygenated blood from the body is collected in right upper chamber called as right atrium. By contracting right atrium, the blood gets transported into right ventricle and then it gets pumped to lungs for oxygenation.
The tubes – Blood Vessels:
- The vessels which carry blood away from the heart to various organs of the body are called as arteries.
- Arteries have thick and elastic walls because blood emerge out through them under high pressure.
- Veins plays a role of collecting blood which are not thin walled.
- The capillaries are the smallest vessels which are smallest one cell thick.
- The capillaries joins together and forms veins.
Lymph:
- Another fluid involved in the process of transportation is called as lymph or tissue fluid.
- It is similar to the plasma of blood and colourless which contains less proteins.
- It carries digested and absorbed fat from intestine by which drains extra fluid from extra cellular space back into the blood.
Transportation in plants:
- In plants, transport system will move the energy stores from the leaves, raw materials from roots. These two pathways are the independently organised conducting tubes.
- Water and minerals obtained from the soil moved by the xylem.
- While phloem transports products of photosynthesis from the leaves where they are synthesised to other parts of the plant body.
Transport of water:
- The loss of water in the form of vapour from the aerial parts of the plant body is called as transpiration.
- Transpiration helps in the absorption and upward movement of water, minerals dissolved from roots to the leaves and thereby regulates the temperature also. At night, during water transport effect of root pressure is more important.
Transport of food and other substances:
- The transport of soluble products of photosynthesis is called as translocation which occurs in the part of the vascular tissue called as phloem. Also phloem transports amino acids and other substances.
- Materials like sucrose is transferred into phloem tissue with the help of energy from ATP.
Excretion:
Excretion is the process in which harmful metabolic wastes are removed from the body.
Excretion in Human Beings:
- Human excretory system consists of pairs of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder and a urethra.
- Kidneys are situated in the abdomen on the either side of the backbone. The nitrogenous wastes such as urea or uric acid are removed from the blood in the kidneys.
Excretion in plants:
- Oxygen is the waste product formed in the process of photosynthesis in plants. In some plants waste products are stored in the cellular vacuoles and also in leaves which may falls off.
- While other waste product which are stored are resins and gums.
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