Matter in Our Surroundings Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 1
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[A] Very Shorts Answers.
1) Name the basic five elements from which matter is classified.
Ans- Matter is classified into 5 elements called Panchtatva. They are Air, Fire, Sky,Earth and Water.
2) What is matter made up of?
Ans-Matter is made up of small particles.
3) What is SI unit of mass and volume?
Ans- SI unit of mass is kg and volume is cubic metre.
4) State which of the following is matter.
Bag ,Smoke ,Happiness Wooden Table, Glass ,Anger Mobile, Book ,Speech.
Ans-Matter is anything that occupies space and their particles attract each other.
Bag ,smoke, wooden table glass, mobile, book are matter.happiness ,anger, speech are not matter because they do not satisfy the requirements of anything to be matter.
5) What are the three States of matter? On what basis they are classified?
Ans- Three States of matter are solid &liquid, gases.they are classified on the basis of force of attraction between the particles present in them.
6) Arrange the following in increasing order of force of attraction between the particles.
Fog ,Gold, Honey, Milk.
Ans-Gold> Honey >Milk> Fog.
Gold is solid has more force of attraction between the particles. Honey is viscous and has force of attraction more than milk. Particles of fog are scattered from each other hence least force of attraction is present between them.
7) What decreases the force of attraction between the particles present in solid?
Ans-Temperature. as temperature increases the force of attraction between the particles decreases and they are separated.
8) How is state of matter changed?
Ans-State of matter can be changed by increase in temperature and decrease in pressure or decrease in temperature and increase in pressure.
9) Convert the following into Kelvin scale.
1) 68°C2) 109°C
Ans- 1) 68°C
68+273.15
341.15K
2) 109°C
109+273.15
382.15 K
10) State the points of difference between solid and liquid.
Ans-
Solids–
- Solids are rigid.
- The force of attraction between particles is strong.
- Solids have fixed shape.
Liquids-
- Liquids are not rigid.
- Force of attraction between particles is moderate.
- Liquids take the shape of container they have fixed volume.
11) Which property of gases fills the closed containers completely?
Ans-The property of compressibility fills the close containers completely by applying pressure.
12) State the SI unit of pressure, temperature and weight.
Ans-The SI unit of pressure is Pascal ,temperature is Kelvin and weight is Newton.
13) Which are the two States of matter apart from solid liquid and gases?
Ans- Plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate are the two States of matter apart from solid liquid and gases.
14) Which state of matter and maximum force of attraction between them?
Ans-Solids have maximum force of attraction between them.
15) What causes evaporation?
Ans-Evaporation causes cooling.
[B] Shorts Answers
1) What are the properties of matter?
Ans-Following are the properties of matter,
1) Matter is made up of small particles.
2) Particles of matter have space between them.
3) Particles of matter attract each other.
2) Which properties of matter tells us that it is solid?
Ans-Following properties of matter tells us that it is solid.
1) Particles are closely packed.
2)They have a definite shape.
3)The force of attraction between the particles is very strong.
4) Their shape cannot be changed even after breaking.
3) Which properties of matter tells us that it is liquid?
Ans-Following are the properties of matter that tells us that it is liquid.
1) Particles are moderately packed.
2) They do not have definite shape but have definite volume.
3) The force of attraction between particles is less.
4) The shape of liquid changes according to container in which it is kept.
4) Define – Compressibility, Condensation , Fusion.
Ans-Compressibility– It is defined as change in volume of solid or liquid by changing pressure.
Condensation– It is change in state of matter from liquid to solid or gas to liquid.
Fusion– It is the process of conversion of any substance from solid to liquid.
5) Camphor and Naphthalene balls after evaporation leaves no residue behind.Why?
Ans-Camphor and Naphthalene balls after evaporation turns directly into vapour and not into liquid. They shows the property of sublimation. Therefore when heated they turn into vapour leaving no residue behind.
6) Which of the following has maximum kinetic energy in particles,among the following?
Cupboard ,water ,perfume.
Ans-Particles of perfume has maximum kinetic energy between their particles because the particles are far from each other they have maximum space to move and hence has maximum kinetic energy.Water has its particles moderately apart from each other hence its kinetic energy is less than perfume.Cupboard is solid, particles are very closely packed they do not move from the positions they just vibrate in their own place.
7)Define latent heat of fusion, latent heat of vaporization.
Ans-Latent heat of fusion-It is defined as the amount of heat energy required to change 1 kg of solid into liquid as its melting point.
Latent heat of vaporization– It is defined as amount of heat energy required to change 1 kg of liquid into gas at atmospheric pressure as its boiling point.
8) On what factors does rate of evaporation depends?
Ans-Rate of evaporation depends on surface area exposed to atmosphere, temperature, speed of air and humidity present in the atmosphere.
9) What happens when temperature of substance is decreased and pressure is increased?
Ans-When will decrease temperature of a substance by increasing its pressure, the kinetic energy of substance is decrease and the substance will start to liquefy if it is in gaseous state.
10) State the properties of gas.
Ans-
1) The particles in gas are very loosely packed.
2) Gas does not have definite shape or volume.
3) The force of attraction between the particles is absent or negligible.
4) Gases completely fill the container by compressing.
11) Give Scientific reason.
Gases are compressed easily but we cannot compress solids.
Ans- The particles of gas are very far from each other, thus they can be brought closer by applying pressure and lowering temperature. in case of solids the particles are very closely packed they have no space to come more closer or move. Particles of solid can just vibrate in their fixed position. Therefore we can easily compressed gases but solids cannot be compressed or it is difficult to compress solids.
12) Why do we sprinkle water on roof of house during summer?
Ans-This is because it helps to cool surface of roof by latent heat of vaporization. Thus cooling helps to lower the temperature in the house.
13) Convert the following into degree celsius.
1) 573K2) 363K3) 298.2K
Ans-
- 573k
573-273.15
199.85°C
2) 363k
363-273.15
89.85°C
3) 298.2K
298.2-273.15
25.05°C
14) Which are the five States of matter? Explain.
Ans-The five States of matter are solid, liquid,Gases ,plasma, Bose Einstein condensate.Solid Liquid and Gases are previously stated three States of matter depending on the force of attraction between their particles.Plasma consists of super excited particles. They form ionized gases which are used in neon bulb fluorescent tubes. Bose Einstein condensate state is formed by cooling of gases at very low density at very low temperature.
15) Name the scientist who discovered plasma and Bose Einstein condensate as States of matter.
Ans- S.N. Bose and Albert Einstein worked on it and stated that there are two additional States of matter that is Plasma and Bose Einstein condensate.
[C] Long Answers
1)
a) Define matter.
b) State the properties of matter.
c) Explain what will happen if we increase the temperature and lower the pressure of any substance.
Ans-
a) Matter is defined as any substance which has space between them and one which are held together by force of attraction.
b) If we increase the temperature and lower the pressure state of matter will change from solid to liquid by increasing the distance between particles of matter or by changing the state of matter from liquid to gas.
c) Properties of matter are –
1.) Matter occupies space.
2.) Matter is made of tiny particles.
3.) The particles of matter attract each other.
2)
a) Explain the factors affecting evaporation.
b) How does evaporation helps in cooling?
c) Why we should not use silk clothes during summer?
Ans-
a) Following are the factors affecting evaporation.
1.) Temperature affects evaporation– Increase in temperature increases the rate of evaporation.
2.) Surfacearea– More is the surface area more will be the rate of evaporation.
3.) Speedofair– Evaporation directly depends on speed of air. more is the speed of air more will be the rate of evaporation.
4.) Humidity– More is the humidity in atmosphere less will be the rate of evaporation.
b) Evaporation takes energy along with water from the substance which is to be cooled. Hence the heat is released it helps substance to cool. evaporation cools any substance quickly by latent heat of vaporization.
c) Silk does not absorb heat and water to cool body. the temperature of body and surface remains the same and we will feel more hot during summer if we wear silk clothes.
3)
a) State the properties of plasma state of matter.
b) State the properties of Bose Einstein condensate state of matter.
c) Why are gases compressed easily?
Ans-
a) Properties of plasma are as follows.
- Particles of plasma very excited.
- They are in the form of ionized gases.
- Plasma glows in different colours according to the nature of gas.
- Plasma is formed at very high temperature.
b) Properties of Bose Einstein condensate are.
- Formed at very low temperature.
- Formed when gases are cooled.
- The density of gases is very low.
c) Gases are compressed easily because,the space between the particles of gas is more and the force of attraction between the particles is less. due to more space between the particles they can be brought closer by applying high pressure on them and by lowering the temperature. The particles have space to compress therefore gases are easily compressed.
In case you are missed :- NCERT Extra Questions for Is Matter Around Us Pure
4)
a) Liquids can flow. Why?
b) Why does liquid have fixed volume but not fixed shape?
c) Give one example of viscous liquid.
Ans-
a) Liquids have moderate force of attraction between the particles, hence liquid cannot be kept ready in one place. The loosely bounded particles are the reason behind flowing of liquids. Due to weak force between the particles liquid flows.
b) Liquids does not have definite shape because the particles are not closely packed to give them a proper shape. Liquids take the shape of containers in which they are kept.
c) An example of viscous liquid is honey.
5-
a) Give units of the following along with their symbol.
1) Volume2)Length 3)Density 4) Mass
b) What is the physical state of water at,
1)200°C 2) 98°C 3) 0°C 4) 120°C
c) Why is solid rigid?
d) Give the examples of compressed form of gas.
Ans-
a) Physical quantities and their Units
1) Volume– Cubic metre m3
2) Length– Metre m
3) Density– Kilogram per cubic metre, kg/m3
4) Mass– Kilogram,Kg.
b) Physical State of Water at
1) 200°C- Gas
2) 98°C-Liquid ,
3) 0°C-Solid
4) 120°C- Gas.
c) Solids have strongest force of attraction between their particles. These particles are so closely packed that they cannot move from their places. Thus, this pics shape of solids makes them rigid.
d) LPG gas in cylinders, CNG gas in vehicles , Butane gas in lighters are the examples of Compressed form of gas.
[D] Choose the correct option and explain it
1) Force of attraction between solid is
(a) Less
(b) Moderate
(c) Strong
(d) Zero
Ans-c. Strong.
Explanation- Solids have the strongest force of attraction between them.
2)Which of the following can be compressed easily?
(a) Wood
(b) Chair
(c) Gas
(d) Milk
Ans- c. Gas.
Explanation-Particles in gaseous are loosely bounded, hence by applying high pressure and lowering the temperature gases can be compressed easily.
3) Liquids have
(a) Definite volume
(b) Definite shape
(c) Strong force of attraction
(d) No force of attraction
Ans-a. Definite volume.
Explanation- Liquid have definite volume but not definite shape.
4) Unit of length is
(a) Kelvin
(b) Newton
(c) Metre
(d) Cubic metre
Ans- Metre.
Explanation-Length is physical Quantity measures in Metre.
5) Sublimation is conversion of
(a) Solid to liquid
(b) Solid togas
(c) Liquid to solid
(d) Gas to liquid
Ans-b. Solid to gas .
Explanation-Solid to gas, sublimation is a process of conversion of solid directly into gas.
6) Kelvin scale is measured in
(a) 293k
(b) 393k
(c) 15k
(d) 198k
Ans-c.273.15 K
Explanation-Kelvin scale is major into 273.15 k.
7) Particles of gas are
(a) very far from each other
(b) very close to each other
(c) are very large
(d) have fixed shape.
Ans- Very far from each other.
Explanation- Forces of attraction or repulsion between gas particles are negligible hence particles of gas are very far from each other .
8) Nanotubes are example of
(a) Solid
(b) Liquid
(c) Plasma
(d) Gas
Ans- c. Plasma.
Explanation- Plasma have super excited particles which are ionized.
9) We should wear. . . . clothes during summer.
(a) cotton
(b) silk
(c) woollen
Ans-a.Cotton.
Explanation-Cotton is good absorber of water energy hence it helps our body to stay cool during summer.
10) Change of 1 kg of liquid to gas at atmospheric pressure is
(a) Latent heat of fusion
(b) Sublimation
(c) Latent heat of vaporization
(d) Condensation
Ans-c.Latent heat of vaporization
Explanation-Latent heat of vaporization is heat energy required to change 1 kg of liquid at its boiling point to 1 kg of gas.
11) Sublimation occurs in which of the following.
(a) Camphor
(b) Water
(c) Honey
(d) Gold
Ans-Camphor.
Explanation- Camphor when heated directly converts into gas.
12) What will increase the rate of evaporation?
(a) Decrease in temperature and decrease in pressure.
(b) Increase in temperature in increase in pressure.
(c) Increase in temperature and decrease in pressure.
(d) Increase in pressure and decrease in temperature.
Ans- c. Increase in temperature and decrease in pressure.
Explanation-When temperature is increased and pressure decreased, the amount of energy require for evaporation is decreases hence Rate of evaporation increases.
13)State of matter which is formed by cooling of gas is called..
(a) Plasma
(b) Liquid
(c) Bose Einstein Condensate
(d) Gas
Ans-c. Bose Einstein condensate.
Explanation- It is formed by cooling of gas and lowering the density of gas.
14) Which of the following behaves as fluid?
(a) Gases
(b) Liquid
(c) Solid
(d) Both 1 And 2
Ans-d. Both 1 and 2.
Explanation-Both gases as well as liquid are fluids both gases as well as liquids are fluids anything which flows is called fluid.
15) Factor affecting evaporation is
(a) Temperature
(b) Mass
(c) Concentration
(d) Molality
Ans-c. Temperature.
Explanation-Increase in temperature increases the rate of evaporation.
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