Maharashtra Board Class 12 Psychology Solution Chapter 3 – Personality
Balbharati Maharashtra Board Class 12 Psychology Solution Chapter 3: Personality. Marathi or English Medium Students of Class 12 get here Personality full Exercise Solution.
Std |
Maharashtra Class 12 |
Subject |
Psychology |
Chapter |
3 |
Chapter name |
Personality |
1 Choose the correct option and complete the following statements:
1.) A person who is shy and reserved is called an …………….
(a) introvert (b) extrovert (c) ambivert
Ans: A person who is shy and reserved is called an introvert.
2.) The ink blot test was developed by psychologist ……………. .
(a) Murray (b) Rorschach (c) Morgan
Ans: The ink blot test was developed by psychologist Rorschach.
3). …………….. traits are the dominant characteristics of a person.
(a) Cardinal (b) Secondary (c) Central
Ans: Cardinal traits are the dominant characteristics of a person.
2 Match the following pairs.
Group ‘A’ Group ‘B’
1.) Self report technique(a) Interview
2.) Behavioural analysis (b) MMPI
3.) Projective methods (c)Permanent characteristics
(d) TAT
Group ‘A’ | Group ‘B’ |
1. Self report technique | (b) MMPI |
2. Behavioural analysis | (a) Interview |
3. Projective methods | (d) TAT |
Ans:
3 State whether the following statements are true or false:
1.) Personality is merely related to external appearance.
Ans: False
2.) People with high neuroticism are emotionally reactive.
Ans: True
3.) Children from families having a warm emotional atmosphere are well adjusted.
Ans: True
4 Explain the following Concepts in 25 to 30 words:
1.) Personality
From the Latin term “persona,” meaning mask, comes the English word “personality.” According to Gordon Allport, “Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determines his unique adjustments to the environment.”
2.) Trait
A person’s talents, habits, likes, and values are shaped by their traits, which are thought of as fundamental inclinations that have their origins in genetics and interact with outside factors like culture.
3.) Sentence completion test
A sequence of unfinished (partial) phrases are supplied to the test participant, who is then asked to finish each one using his or her own words.
4.) Structured interview
A structured interview is a sort of interview in which the total number of inquiries to be made of the subject, their order, and other variables are specified.
5.) Unstructured interview
Unstructured interviews are those in which the total number of inquiries to be made of the interviewee, the order in which inquiries are asked, and other variables are not planned.
5 Write short notes on the following :
1.) Gordon Allport’s trait theory of personality
The Allport theory of personality is one of the theories that uses the trait perspective to examine personality. The 18000 distinct phrases that may be used to define personality were found by American psychologist Gordon Allport. The following three fundamental kinds of features were proposed by him based on these descriptions:
A trait is a permanent pattern of behaviour, emotion, or thought. In other words, throughout a period of time, the characteristic is consistently present in the person.
1.) Cardinal trait Every aspect of a person’s personality is dominated by this one characteristic. Particularly for this quality, the individual becomes well-known. Throughout the rest of their life, it rules and moulds a person’s behaviour. As an illustration, Mahatma Gandhi’s personality has as its core quality honesty.Similar to how Mother Teresa’s characteristic of humanitarianism, Napolean Bonaparte’s trait of ambition, and Julius Caesar’s trait of power each served as the foundational elements of their personalities, so did Mother Teresa.
2.) Central Traits: An individual’s personality is built on a general set of features called central characteristics. Central traits are the five to ten characteristics that, collectively, best represent a person’s personality. Our personalities’ fundamental components make up who we are. The fundamental qualities that make up a person include, for instance, sensitivity, sociability, self-assurance, diligence, honesty, etc.
3.) Secondary Traits: Secondary Traits are confined in impact since they only show themselves in particular circumstances.As these traits are situational, they have a relatively small impact on a person’s personality. Secondary traits include things like feeling apprehensive while speaking in front of a group, being irritated when waiting in line, etc.
2.) Effect of mass media on personality development
Nearly everyone’s everyday life are now firmly ingrained with the internet and other types of mainstream media. For many of us, mass media serves as a source of amusement, informal education, socialising, etc.
Today’s majority of teenagers spend an increasing amount of time in front of the TV, on their phones, and on computers, which may have an impact on their personalities.
For instance, the use of mass media may assist a person in keeping up with current events, etc., which in turn helps a person’s personality develop.
On the other hand, excessive media addiction can result in alienation from the outside world, egocentrism, sleep deprivation, subpar academic performance, insecurity, anti-social behaviours, loneliness, etc., all of which have a negative impact on how a person develops their personality.
6 Answer the following questions with given points in 100 to 150 words each.
1.) Explain the Big Five Factors model of Personality. Points : (i) Neuroticism (ii) Extroversion (iii) Openness to experience (iv) Agreeableness (v) Conscientiousness
An explanation of the five main components of personality was produced by Robert McCrae and Paul Costa in 1987. The abilities, habits, likes, and values of an individual are shaped by their personality characteristics, which are thought to be fundamental inclinations having biological roots that interact with external factors like culture. The following list includes the five main components (traits) of personality:
Neuroticism (N) : The personality trait known as neuroticism is characterised by a propensity to feel unfavourable emotions like wrath, anxiety, or despair. Anxious, sad, irritable, afraid, impulsive, furious, and unstable traits are present in people with high neuroticism. Low neurotic individuals are steady, peaceful, and in balance.
Extroversion (E): Extroversion is a quality distinguished by a wide range of pursuits and the generation of energy from extraneous sources. A high level of extroversion makes a person communicative, passionate, open-minded, gregarious, forceful, and brave. People who are poor in extroversion, on the other side, are less communicative, shy, alone, and involved.
Openness to experience (O): Openness to experience is a quality associated with a love of creativity, emotion, adventure, strange ideas, imagination, curiosity, and a diversity of experiences. In contrast to individuals who are less receptive to experience, people who are curious, inventive, and creative also have an aesthetic sense.
Agreeableness (A): The capacity to get along with others and a concern for social peace are traits that are exhibited by someone who is agreeable.
When compared to those who have low agreeableness, the former are uncooperative, envious, aggressive, and argumentative while the latter are kind, loving, caring, friendly, and cooperative.
Conscientiousness (C): Being conscientious is a quality that suggests a propensity for self-control. It has to do with how people manage, curb, and channel their irrational tendencies.
When compared to those who have low conscientiousness, high conscientiousness individuals are well-organized, responsible, trustworthy, and diligent, whereas low conscientiousness individuals are haphazard, irresponsible, spontaneous, and reckless.
2.) Explain the factors influencing personality. Points : (i) Family (ii) School (iii) Peer group (iv) Culture
Many different elements, many of which often interact, contribute to the development of a person’s personality. The following are a few elements that affect how someone’s personality is shaped:
Family: The influence of a person’s family is one of the most significant variables affecting their personality. A person’s personality is significantly influenced by factors relating to their family, such as their family’s structure, socioeconomic standing, emotional, academic, and cultural environments, relationships with one another within the family, and the parenting methods used by their parents.
School: The emergence of pupils’ personalities is significantly influenced by their school. The teaching-learning process, the academic and extracurricular opportunities offered by the school, the relationships between instructors and students, the rules and regulations of the school, etc., all have a big influence on how students are as people.
Peer group: Our social lives are heavily influenced by our peers. From early infancy to old age, peers are a part of our daily life. Peer groups are made up of people who go to the same school, job, sports team, etc. The peer group may have both good and negative effects on personality.
Culture: A person’s personality is greatly influenced by cultural elements. Every culture has its own set of values, beliefs, conventions, etc. that have an impact on a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behavioural patterns.
3.) Explain the various methods of personality measurement. Points : (i) Behavioural analysis (ii) Self report technique (iii) Projective method
Behavioural analysis: Methods for analysing behavior, such as interviewing, observing, and so on, are useful in determining a person’s personality. According to the following explanation, these behavioural techniques:
- Interview:
Most often, personality is assessed during an interview. During an interview, a potential employee is subjected to a series of questions designed to elicit information about his or her personality.
When assessing an interviewee’s personality, additional elements such as the time it takes them to respond, their gestures, postures, and body language are also taken into consideration.
- Observation : Another crucial approach of determining a person’s personality is observation, which involves seeing them in various contexts. For instance, a psychologist can examine how a child acts in a classroom while the instructor is absent or how a manufacturing worker acts in a workshop when the supervisor is absent.
When employed by a qualified psychologist (observer) with specific goals and instructions, the observation method is extremely beneficial.
There are many different sorts of observations that are useful for gathering data about a person’s personality, including naturalistic observation, laboratory observation, participant observation, nonparticipant observation, etc.
Self-report techniques: In the self-report approach, a person shares details about his or her own personality by answering to questions or phrases that are set forth in a specific inventory. Self-report personality tests include the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors (PF), the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), and the High School Personality Inventory (HSPQ).
Projective methods: The psychoanalytic school of thinking is where projective techniques first appeared. Projective techniques are designed to bring to the surface sensations, wants, and conflicts that are submerged at the unconscious level.
In projective exam scenarios, a person freely reacts to materials that are largely unstructured or confusing. People respond by projecting their identities onto the unstructured stimuli, which frequently reveals their inner conflicts, driving forces, coping mechanisms, and other traits.