Maharashtra Board Class 11 Psychology Solution Chapter 1 – Story of Psychology
Balbharati Maharashtra Board Class 11 Psychology Solution Chapter 1: Story of Psychology. Marathi or English Medium Students of Class 11 get here Story of Psychology full Exercise Solution.
Std |
Maharashtra Class 11 |
Subject |
Psychology |
Chapter |
1 |
Chapter name |
Story of Psychology |
Q.1.A. Complete the following statements.
1.) Psychology is a study of ………………
(A) mind
(B) behaviour
(C) soul
Answer:(B) behaviour
2.) ……………… processes include thinking,
memory, emotions etc. (A) Mental
(B) Cognitive
(C) Spiritual
Answer:(B) Cognitive
(B) Match the following pairs.
A |
B |
1. Tri-Doshas |
a. First laboratory of Psychology |
2. Tri-Gunas |
b. Study of unconscious |
3. Wilhelm Wundt |
c. Perception, thinking, memory, etc. |
4. Sigmund Freud |
d. Sattva, Rajas, Tamas |
5. Cognitive processes |
e. Ashtanga Yog |
6. Patanjali |
f. Kapha, Vata and Pitta |
Answer:
A |
B |
1. Tri-doshas |
f) Kapha, Vaat and Pitta |
2. Tri-gunas |
d) Satva, Rajas, Tamas |
3. Wilhelm Wundt |
a) First laboratory of psychology |
4. Sigmund Freud |
b) Study of unconscious |
5. Cognitive processes |
c) Perception, thinking, memory, etc |
6. Patanjali |
e) Ashtanga Yog |
(C) State whether the following statements are true or false.
1.) Psychology is a study of the mind.
Answer: False
2.) The first mental hospital in India was established in Mumbai.
Answer: False
3.) There was no study of mental processes in India till the formal discipline of Psychology was recognized as a science.
Answer: False
4.) Dr. Sigmund Freud proposed the concept of the unconscious.
Answer: True
5.) Control is one of the objectives of Psychology.
Answer: True
(D) Identify the odd item from the following and give reasons for the same.
1.) Soul, Mind, Feeling, Consciousness, Behaviour.
Answer: Feeling
Reason: Rest is the term used in the definition of Psychology.
2.) Walking, dancing, playing, thinking, eating.
Answer: Thinking
Reason: The rest are overt behaviours.
3.) Yam, Niyam, Karya, Aasana, Pratyahar.
Answer: Karya
Reason: The rest are the aspects of Ashtanga Yoga.
4.) Feeling, memory, attention, perception
Answer:Feeling
Reason: The rest are the processes in the study of cognition.
(E) Complete the following table.
1.) – Soul
2.) John Locke –
3.) – Leipzig university
4.) Sigmund Freud –
5.) – Behaviour
Answer:
1.) Psyche – Soul
2.) John Locke – Empty slate
3.) First Psychological Laboratory- Leipzig university
4.) Sigmund Freud – Founder of Psychoanalysis
5.) John Watson– Behaviour
2. Explain the following concepts
1.) Psychology
Answer:
Two Greek words, “psyche” and “logos,” are the origin of the word psychology. The Greek words for science and knowledge are psyche and logos, respectively. The science or field of study that deals with the soul or mind was thus intended to be psychology.
2.) Behaviour
Answer:
In a broader sense one may conclude that behaviour is an organism’s reaction to the many environmental stimuli. But any person may have due to differences in interest, personality, and views, individuals will respond differently to the same stimuli.
A person’s behaviour might be overt or hidden. Overt conduct comprises actions that can be clearly seen, such as talking, dancing, and walking.
Responses like thinking, feeling, and other inferred from actions but not directly visible responses are referred to as covert behaviour.
3.) Overt Behaviour
Answer:
In a broader sense one may conclude that behaviour is an organism’s reaction to the many environmental stimuli. But any person may have due to differences in interest, personality, and views, individuals will respond differently to the same stimuli.
A person’s behaviour might be overt or hidden. Overt conduct comprises actions that can be clearly seen, such as talking, dancing, and walking.
4.) Covert Behaviour :
Answer:
In a broader sense one may conclude that behaviour is an organism’s reaction to the many environmental stimuli. But any person may have due to differences in interest, personality, and views, individuals will respond differently to the same stimuli.
A person’s behaviour might be overt or hidden. Responses like thinking, feeling, and other inferred from actions but not directly visible responses are referred to as covert behaviour.
5.) Stimulus
Answer:
Any physical occurrence or circumstance that triggers a response is referred to as a stimulus. The stimulation may come from within or without. A person or animal that responds to a stimuli is referred to as an organism.
6.) Response
Answer:
The organism’s reaction to a specific stimulus is known as a response. Any physical occurrence or circumstance that triggers a response is referred to as a stimulus. External or internal stimuli are both possible. Humans and animals alike who respond to a stimuli are considered to be Organisms.
3. Answer the following questions in 35 to 40 words
1.) Psychology is a science: explain why?
Answer:
The scientific study of human conduct and mental processes is referred to as psychology. It is a social science rather than a precise science. A science is a corpus of organised information that has been deliberately gathered via meticulous observation and measurement of phenomena. Psychology is empirical, meaning that it uses systematic observation, experimentation, and the scientific process to arrive at particular concepts and hypotheses. The objectives of psychology, i.e., description (exact recognition and categorization of behaviour), analysis ( comprehending the reasons of activity), and prediction (information about the outcomes of behaviour), are oriented towards science.
2.) Explain the S-O-R model, with your ownexperience.
Answer:
The objective study of how people think and behave is known as psychology. What a human or animal does is referred to as behaviour, in Watson’s opinion.
It is a living thing’s reaction to any kind of stimulation, internal or external. To depict behaviours, the S-O-R model is utilised. The letter “S” is an abbreviation for “stimulus,” which refers to any physical circumstance that elicits a reaction. Organism is referred to as “O’s.” Response, or an organism’s response to a stimulus, is denoted by the letter “R.”
People react differently to the same stimuli. For instance, if the instructor says she will administer a revision test, that announcement will serve as the stimulus, and the pupils in the class will act differently as the response. While some could be anxious because they are ill-prepared, others might be excited because they have studied, and yet others might not care at all.
3.) Explain the goals of Psychology.
Answer:
The scientific study of human conduct and the mind is known as psychology. The psychological foals include.
Describe behaviour: The main objective of psychological study is to precisely and totally define, categorise, and describe the conduct or mental process. This necessitates the use of psychological instruments including experiments, surveys, systematic observation, and tests.
Explanation of behaviour – This objective aims to comprehend the reasons behind certain observable behaviour, or why a particular pattern of activity has developed. If the conduct is shown in a large number of people, the entire population can be assumed to exhibit it.
Prediction of behaviour : Researchers try to pinpoint the precise circumstances under which a given conduct will take place as well as the outcomes that may result from that behaviour.
Control behaviour: This objective tries to influence or change conduct in a certain manner. Psychotherapeutic methods can be used by researchers to influence and prevent unwanted conduct.
4.) Give a historical account of emergence of Psychology as a science.
Answer:
The study of human conduct is covered in the large discipline of psychology. It was initially a subfield of philosophy. Wilhelm Wundt founded the first psychological laboratory in 1879 at the University of Leipzig (Germany), which led to the development of psychology as a distinct field of study.
The Greek terms ‘Psyche’ (meaning soul or mind) and ‘Logos’ (meaning science or field of knowledge) are the origin of the word psychology. As a result, psychology’s literal definition was “Science of the soul or science of the mind.” However, neither the soul nor the mind can be precisely defined or witnessed by science. As a result, psychology’s definition was altered.
Psychology is the study of “conscious experience,” according to Willhelm Wundt.
The significance of early childhood experiences was emphasised by Sigmund Freud, who defined psychology as the study of the unconscious. But neither awareness nor the “unconscious” can be observed directly.
Psychology is “a science of behaviour,” according to John Watson. The definition of psychology as it stands now is “the scientific study of human behaviour and mental process.” Behaviour, mental processes, and scientific method are the important concepts in this definition.
1.) Behaviour: Any action that a human or animal takes that can be seen, heard, or otherwise documented for later analysis is considered behaviour. It represents how an organism reacts to environmental stimuli. The S-O-R model of conduct is used to illustrate this. “S” stands for stimulation, “O” for organism, and “R” for response of the organism. Any physical occurrence or circumstance that causes a sense organ to respond or become active is referred to as a stimulus. Organism refers to a person or an animal. It might be external (for example, a sound wave stimulates the ear) or internal (for example, hunger stimuli).
When we talk about a response, we mean how an organism responds to a stimuli. Muscles and glands are involved in this.
Both overt and covert behaviours can be observed, including overt behaviours (body motions like walking, dancing, singing, etc.) and covert behaviours (mental processes like thinking, feeling, forgetting, etc.).
2.) Thinking, emotion, forgetfulness, motivation, and other mental functions are all included. It is possible to gauge these brain processes by seeing how individuals respond to various life challenges and events.
3.) Scientific method – Science is a corpus of systematic information that has been collected via meticulous analysis, measurement, and investigation. For the purposes of behaviour analysis and prediction, the findings from observation and experimentation can be generalised.
5.) Describe the goals of Psychology.
Answer:
The scientific study of human conduct and the mind is known as psychology. The psychological foals include.
Describe behaviour: The main objective of psychological study is to precisely and totally define, categorise, and describe the conduct or mental process. This necessitates the use of psychological instruments including experiments, surveys, systematic observation, and tests.
Explanation of behaviour – This objective aims to comprehend the reasons behind certain observable behaviour, or why a particular pattern of activity has developed. If the conduct is shown in a large number of people, the entire population can be assumed to exhibit it.
Prediction of behaviour : Researchers try to pinpoint the precise circumstances under which a given conduct will take place as well as the outcomes that may result from that behaviour.
Control behaviour: This objective tries to influence or change conduct in a certain manner. Psychotherapeutic methods can be used by researchers to influence and prevent unwanted conduct.