Kinds of Societies Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Notes
We have provided here Kinds of Societies Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Notes by our Experienced Teacher. This Extra Questions and Answers Notes consists of MCQ Questions and Answers; Very Short Type Questions and Answer & Short Type Questions and Answers.
MCQ
1.) What kind of society relies on hunting wild animals and gathering food from nature for survival?
a) Farming society
b) Industrial society
c) Cattle-rearing society
d) Hunting and food-gathering society
Answer: d)
2.) In a hunting and food-gathering society, how is wealth typically viewed?
a) Wealth is highly valued and accumulated.
b) Wealth is shared among all member
c) Wealth is used to establish political institutions.
d) Wealth is measured by the number of cattle owned.
Answer: b)
3.) What is the primary occupation of a cattle-rearing society?
a) Farming
b) Hunting
c) Rearing herds of cattle
d) Industrial production
Answer: c)
4.) In a farming society, what played a significant role in increasing food production?
a) Use of animals for transportation
b) Invention of the plough
c) Introduction of hunting as a secondary occupation
d) Permanent migration to cities
Answer: b)
5.) Which society relies on industries that utilize science and technology to manufacture products?
a) Cattle-rearing society
b) Farming society
c) Industrial society
d) Hunting and food-gathering society
Answer: c)
6.) In an industrial society, what contributes to the population growth in cities?
a) A decrease in industrial activity
b) Migration of people to cities for jobs
c) A focus on agriculture
d) Use of internal combustion engines
Answer: b)
7.) What is division of labor in an industrial society based on?
a) Age and gender
b) Skills of the workers
c) Wealth and social status
d) Religious affiliations
Answer: b)
8.) Which society is charactrized by a nomadic lifestyle and small, scattered groups of people?
a) Cattle-rearing society
b) Farming society
c) Industrial society
d) Hunting and food-gathering society
Answer: d
9.) What is the primary occupation in a farming society?
a) Industrial production
b) Hunting and gathering
c) Agriculture and cultivation
d) Cattle rearing
Answer: c)
10.) In a cattle-rearing society, who typically becomes the leader of the group?
a) The wealthiest individual
b) The most skilled hunter
c) The person with the most land
d) The youngest member
Answer: a)
One liners:
1.) What are the various aspects that differ in societies?
Answer: Lifestyles
2.) What is the simplest and oldest form of human society?
Answer: Hunting
3.) What is the primary occupation of a cattle-rearing society?
Answer: Herding
4.) What led to the birth of leadership in cattle-rearing societies?
Answer: Cattle ownership
5.) What began with the invention of the plough around 3000 B.C.E?
Answer: Farming
6.) What transformed society through inventions like the steam engine?
Answer: Industrialization
7.) Where do many people migrate in industrial societies?
Answer: Cities
8.) What involves dividing work according to workers’ skills in the industrial society?
Answer: Division of labor
9.) In hunting and food-gathering societies, what do people share with each other?
Answer: Everything
10.) What is the main occupation in farming societies?
Answer: Cultivation
Short questions :
1.) What are some of the key differences in the lifestyles and characteristics of hunting and food-gathering societies as described in the chapter?
Answer: Hunting and food-gathering societies are small and nomadic, typically comprising no more than 40-50 people. They rely on hunting wild animals and gathering fruits, seeds, and vegetables for survival. These societies have no concept of wealth, and everything is shared among the members. Personal identity is minimal and relationships are central.
2.) In which geographical areas are there breeding societies and what is the main activity of these societies?
Answer: Cattle breeding societies are generally found in grasslands, hilly areas, deserts and areas unsuitable for agriculture. Their main activity is cattle breeding.
3.) How is well-being and leadership born in pastoral societies?
Answer: In cattle breeding societies, the person who owns the most cattle becomes the most powerful and is considered rich. This person often becomes the leader of the group, leading to social inequality.
2.) What marked the beginning of the “agricultural revolution” and how did it affect food production and settlement patterns?
Answer: The “agricultural revolution” began with the invention of the plow around 3000 BC. This greatly increased food production and allowed people to settle permanently in one place, which led to the development of villages.
3.) Why did cities appear among peasants and what influenced their population growth?
Answer: Cities developed in agricultural societies because increased food production in the fields allowed a significant portion of the population to participate in other activities. This contributed to the growth of cities and their populations.
5.) What defines an industrial society, and what technological advancements have transformed such societies?
Answer: An industrial society relies on industries that manufacture products using science and technology. Technological advancements such as the steam engine, internal combustion engine, electric energy, and nuclear energy have brought about significant social and economic transformations in industrial societies.
4.) What is the significance of migration to cities in industrial societies?
Answer: Many people migrate to cities where industries are established in industrial societies, leading to an increase in urban population and urbanization.
5.) How does division of labor play a role in industrial societies, and in what aspects is it observed?
Answer: Division of labor is essential in industrial societies and it includes the division of labor according to the abilities of workers. This is observed in various aspects of industrial society such as production, services and specialized roles.
6.) What are the characteristics of the hunting and food gathering society presented in the text?
Answer: Hunter-gatherer societies are characterized by small and scattered groups of people, a nomadic lifestyle, a lack of desire for wealth, a focus on sharing, and a lack of political institutions.
7.) How did the invention of the plough contribute to the development of farming societies, and what role did animals play in this context?
Answer: The invention of the plough, around 3000 B.C.E., significantly increased food production in farming societies. Animals were used to draw the plough, which further enhanced agricultural productivity and led to the formation of permanent settlements and villages.
Long answer type:
1.) What are the main features and characteristics of a hunting and gathering society and how is it different from other societies?
Answer: A hunting and foraging society is characterized by simplicity and a small population, which usually consists of no more than 40-50 people. These societies live a nomadic lifestyle and move in search of food when it is scarce in one place. They depend on hunting wild animals and gathering fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and vegetables to survive, with no desire to accumulate wealth. Relationships and the family are the main institutions that bind this society together, and these societies have no political structures or rulers.
2.) What defines a cattle-breeding society and how does it sustain itself through, among other things, grazing and food gathering?
Answer: A cattle breeding society depends on cattle herds for its livelihood. These societies are usually larger, consisting of hundreds or thousands of people, and are often found in grasslands, hills, deserts or areas unsuitable for agriculture. Cattle-rearing is their primary occupation, and the individual with the most cattle becomes a leader, resulting in social inequality. In these societies, hunting, cattle-rearing, and food-gathering are essential activities for sustenance.
3.) How did the invention of the plough lead to the development of farming societies, and what were the consequences of this agricultural revolution?
Answer: The invention of the plough around 3000 B.C.E marked the beginning of a farming revolution. The use of the plow greatly increased food production, which led to the formation of permanent settlements and villages. With the increase in the availability of food in the fields, not everyone had to work in agriculture, which allowed the birth of cities and a remarkable growth of the population. Cultivating large areas of land became the main means of livelihood for farmers.
4.) What is characteristic of an industrial society and how does the development of technology affect its development and population distribution?
Answer: An industrial society depends on industries that produce products using science and technology. Technological advances such as the steam engine, the internal combustion engine, electric power, and nuclear power caused significant social and economic changes. Many people move to cities where industry is established, causing an increase in urban population. The division of labor is a visible feature of industrial societies, where tasks are divided into different sectors based on the skills of the workers.
5.) How do the different societies mentioned in the text reflect the development of human civilization, and what social changes are associated with each type?
Answer: The different types of societies discussed in the text reflect the development of human civilization from simple, nomadic hunting and gathering societies to larger herding societies, then farmers, and finally industrial societies. With each transition, there were significant changes in lifestyles, settlement patterns, economic activities and social structures. The development of technology and the division of labor played a central role in the development of these changes and the development of human society over time.