Kerala SCERT Class 10 Social Science 1 Chapter 1 Revolutions that Influenced the World Question Answer Solution Here. Kerala Board Class 10 Students can find Here 1st Chapter Revolutions that Influenced the World Notes provide by our Teacher. Important Question Answer from Chapter 1 Revolutions that Influenced the World.
- Board- Kerala Board.
- Class – 10.
- Subject – Social Science 1.
- Chapter – 1.
- Chapter Name – Revolutions that Influenced the World.
- Topic – Question Answer Solution.
(1.) Who is the writer of the poem “Oru Udbodhanam”?
Answer: Kumaranasan is the writer of the poem “Oru Udbodhanam”.
(2.) What the lines from the poem “Oru Udbodhanam” remind us?
Answer: The lines from the poem “Oru Udbodhanam” remind us the importance of freedom in human life.
(3.) “Freedom alone is nectar divine, freedom is life itself, to self-respecting people slavery is more terrible than death” Explain in your words.
Answer: These lines are from the poem “Oru Udbodhanam” written by Kumaranasan. I think the poet wants to say that freedom is nectar, which is not only a sweet liquid but its drink of god which makes humans immortal. We always remember the people who fought for freedom, they are immortal for us. People having self-respect love life with freedom. The life without freedom means accepting slavery and slavery is more terrible than death. That is why our freedom fighter died for freedom instead living with slavery.
(4.) Who had to fight for freedom and what were the means?
Answer: People deprived of freedom fought for it. Some opt for peaceful means and some preferred armed rebellion.
(5.) According to European thinkers what is important for progressive society.
Answer: According to European thinkers reasoning and opine is important for society.
(6.) What ideas encouraged people to protest against the autocratic system?
Answer: Freedom, democracy, equality and nationalism are the ideas which encouraged people to protest against the autocratic system
(7.) Why are freedom fighters struggling to change the system?
Answer: Existing system denied freedom and rights that are why the new system is required and the freedom fighters were struggling to change the system.
(8.) Progress in which field questioned rational belief and traditions?
Answer: Progress in the science field questioned rational belief and traditions.
(9.) “No taxation without representation” is the slogan of which country?
Answer: “no taxation without representation” is the slogan of America.
(10.) Why European started to migrate towards North America in 16 century?
Answer: European countries started to migrate towards North America to exploit resources.
(11.) What was the slogan raised by the American people as a part of powerful agitation?
Answer: “No taxation without representation” was the slogan raised by the American people as a part of powerful agitation.
(12.) How many colonies did England establish on the eastern coast of North America?
Answer: England established thirteen colonies on the eastern coast of North America.
(13.) What are the names of the thirteen colonies England established on the eastern coast of North America?
Answer:
1) New Hampshire
2) Massachusetts
3) Rhodes Island
4) Connecticut
5) New Jersey
6) Delaware
7) Maryland
8) Virginia
9) North Carolina
10) South Carolina
11) Georgia
12) Pennsylvania
13) New York,
these are the names of the thirteen colonies England established on the eastern coast of North America
(14.) Christopher Columbus was the sailor of which government?
Answer: Christopher Columbus was the sailor of Spanish Government
(15.) Who was the sailor of Spanish government?
Answer: Christopher Columbus the sailor of Spanish government
(16.) When Christopher Columbus reached North America?
Answer: In 1492 Christopher Columbus reached North America.
(17.) What Christopher Columbus called North American people and why?
Answer: When Christopher Columbus reached North America he called the indigenous people as ‘Indians”. He thought that he had reached India.
(18.) Who are ‘Red Indians’?
Answer: When Christopher Columbus reached North America, he thought he reached India and called indigenous people as ‘Indians’ later on these Indians known as ‘Red Indians’.
(19.) Which group established colonies in America?
Answer: The group of people who exiled to America from the religious persecution of the King of England in the seventeenth century.
(20.) What is the name of the ship carrying pilgrims from England to America?
Answer: “Mayflower” is the name of the ship carrying pilgrims from England to America
(21.) Who were known as “Pilgrim Fathers”?
Answer: Europeans who migrated to North America in the ship named “Mayflower” were known as “Pilgrim Fathers”.
(22.) Why are Red Indians displaced to interiors?
Answer: Due to increased migration of European people Red Indians displaced to interiors.
(23.) What Europeans did to Red Indians?
Answer: The Europeans seized their land and also seized a flock of sheep.
(24.) How the British treated the American colonies?
Answer: The British treated the American colonies as centres of collecting raw materials for British industry and as a market for selling their products.
(25.) Which policy is implemented by British merchants in America?
Answer: The British treated the American colonies as centres of collecting raw materials for their industry and as a market for selling their product and all this was done in America by the British with the help of American colonies residing in Europe.
(26.) What is Mercantilism?
Answer: Mercantilism is the economic policy that increases exports and minimizes import.
(27.) What are Mercantilist Laws?
Answer: As a part of Mercantilism, several laws were implemented in the British colonies.
Law 1: The goods to and from the colonies must be carried only in British ships or ships built in the British colonies.
Law 2: Products of the colonies like sugar, wool, cotton, tobacco, etc. could only be exported to England.
Law 3: British stamp must be affixed on all the legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, license, etc.
Law 4: Colonies must provide food and quarters for the British troops which were maintained in the colonies.
Law 5: Import tax must be paid for the import of tea, glass, paper, etc.
(28.) Write about the Boston Tea Party.
Answer: The high tax levied by the British government on the tea caused strong protest in America. On 16 December 1773, a group of people disguised as the Red Indians, Boarded on the ships at night in the Boston Harbour and threw 342 chests of tea into the sea. This protest is known as the Boston Tea Party.
(29.) What John Locke says about fundamental rights?
Answer: John Locke says that every human being has some fundamental rights and nobody has the right to suspend those rights, even if it is a government, nobody can take those rights away from a human being.
(30.) What do you think about the statement of Thomas Paine?
Answer: Thomas Paine says that, “There is something absurd, in supposing a continent (North America) is perpetually governed by a foreign power (England). As per my interpretation Thomas Paine saying that the people of North America may be having issues in their governing body and that’s the reason that other foreign powers like England dominates North America.
(31.) Where delegates of all the colonies except Georgia met?
Answer: Delegates of all the colonies except Georgia met at Philadelphia.
(32.) In which year the First Continental Congress took place?
Answer: In 1774 the First Continental Congress took place.
(33.) Who did not participate in the First Continental Congress?
Answer: Georgia did not participated in the First Continental Congress
(34.) Why did the First Continental Congress happen?
Answer: To protest against the policies and rules imposed by England the delegates of all the colonies except Georgia met and thus First Continental Congress took place.
(35.) What happened in the First Continental Congress?
Answer: In the First Continental Congress people from the colonies submitted a petition to the King of England and demanded the revocation of the regulations enforced on industry and commerce and not to impose tax without the approval of the people.
(36.) How the King of England responded to the people protesting against England?
Answer: The king of England sent a military force to suppress the people.
(37.) What causes war between England and the colonies?
Answer: In the First Continental Congress people from the colonies submitted a petition to the King of England and demanded the revocation of the regulations enforced on industry and commerce and not to impose tax without the approval of the people but the king of England sent a military force to suppress the people and this is the reason of the war between England and the colonies.
(38.) When and where did the Second Continental Congress hold?
Answer: The Second Continental Congress held in 1775 at Philadelphia.
(39.) Who was the chief of the Continental Army?
Answer: George Washington was the chief of the Continental Army.
(40.) What Thomas Paine declared through the pamphlet titled ‘Common Sense’?
Answer: Thomas Paine declared that it was wise for the Americans to break the ties with Britain.
(41.) What was the name of the pamphlet in which Thomas Paine declared that it was wise for the Americans to break the ties with Britain?
Answer: ‘Common Sense’ was the name of the pamphlet in which Thomas Paine declared that it was wise for the Americans to break the ties with Britain
(42.) Who issued the famous Declaration of Independence?
Answer: American Continental Congress issued the famous Declaration of Independence.
(43.) When the American Continental Congress issued the famous Declaration of Independence?
Answer: American Continental Congress issued the famous Declaration of Independence on 4th July 1776.
(44.) Who prepared the Declaration of Independence?
Answer: The Declaration of Independence is prepared by Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin.
(45.) What the Declaration of Independence says about human rights?
Answer The Declaration of Independence says that all people are equal and everyone has certain rights.
(46.) Which rights are written in the Declaration of Independence?
Answer: Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness are the rights included in the Declaration of Independence.
(47.) When the war between England and the colonies in North America is ended?
Answer: The War between England and the colonies in North America ended in 1781.
(48.) According to which treaty England ratified the freedom of thirteen colonies?
Answer: According to the Treaty of Paris in 1783 England ratified the freedom of thirteen colonies.
(49.) Where the Constitution Convention was held?
Answer: The Constitution Convention was held in Philadelphia.
(50.) Who was the leader of the Constitution Convention?
Answer: James Madison was the leader of the Constitution Convention.
(51.) Who framed American Constitution?
Answer: American Constitution is framed by James Madison.
(52.) Who became the first president of the United States of America?
Answer: George Washington became the first president of the United States of America
(53.) How the American War of Independence influenced the world?
Answer: The American War of Independence influenced the world
i) The American War of Independence has given direction and motivation to the later freedom struggles and revolutions all over the world.
ii) American government opted republican form of government.
iii) American constitution was the first written constitution.
iv) America contributed to the federal system, this system ensured freedom and authority of states in the union.
(54.) Who said “If they can’t eat bread, let them eat cake.”?
Answer: Mary Antoinette said, “If they can’t eat bread, let them eat cake.”
(55.) What do we understand by the statements of French rulers?
Answer: The statements given by the French ruler shows that the rulers were autocrats and squanders.
(56.) “In France, nine-tenths of the population died of hunger and one tenth of indigestion” what is clear by this statement?
Answer: “In France, nine-tenths of the population died of hunger and one tenth of indigestion” by this statement we can understand that the majority of France living in misery and a minority including the rulers were living extravagance.
(57.) What is “Estates”? Explain in your words.
Answer: “Estates” is the strata of the French society. French society is divided in three parts as below.
i) Clergy: This is the highest class of the French society holding vast land and collecting tax called ‘Tithe’ from farmers. This class is exempted from all kinds of taxes and having control over higher positions in administrative and military service.
ii) Nobility: This is the second class of the French society. This class is engaged in military service, collected various taxes from farmers and made farmers work without wages. This class also exempted from taxes, led luxurious life and held vast lands.
iii) The middle class including traders, writers, lawyers, officials, teachers, bankers, farmers and craftsmen: all of these people were in the third category. This class was not part of the administration and paid land tax namely ‘Tailed’ to the government and having low social status. This category was the majority of people paying tax to both other classes.
(58.) Who played an important role in making the people aware of the inequalities and exploitation?
Answer: Various thinkers and streams of thought in France played an important role in making the people aware of the inequalities and exploitation.
(59.) Name the thinkers and their thinking.
Answer:
- Voltaire ridiculed the exploitation of clergy and promoted rational thinking, ideals of equality and humanism.
- Rousseau is one of the thinkers that stated, “Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains”. He declared that the people are the sovereign.
- Montesquieu encouraged democracy and the republic. He is the one who suggested the division of powers of the government into legislature, executive and judiciary. (These are three of the four pillars of democracy, the fourth pillar is media).
(60.) What are the reasons for the financial crisis in France?
Answer: The luxurious life of the minority of France, the frequent wars they waged, frequent drought and crop failure caused bankruptcy. The financial and military assistance France has given to American colonies in the American war of Independence put France into financial crisis.
(61.) What was the voting system in France?
Answer: According to the traditional voting system each Estate would vote as a group and had one vote and this is how the first two votes were ruled on third estate.
(62.) What is ‘Tennis Court oath’?
Answer: The members of the Third Estate declared themselves as the National Assembly of France and they assembled in the tennis court nearby and swore not to leave until they frame a constitution of France. This event is known as the ‘Tennis Court Oath’.
(63.) What was the slogan of the revolutionaries?
Answer: ‘Liberty, equality and fraternity’ was the slogan of the revolutionaries.
(64.) When the National Assembly passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?
Answer: 12th August 1789 the National Assembly passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
(65.) What was the slogan of women marched from Paris to the Palace of Versailles?
Answer: ‘Give us bread’ was the slogan of thousands of women marched from Paris to the Palace of Versailles.
(66.) What remark was made by Metternich, the Austrian Chancellor about French Revolution?
Answer: Metternich, the Austrian Chancellor made a remark, “When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold”.
(67.) How the French Revolution influenced Tipu Sultan?
Answer: Tipu Sultan, the king of Mysore influenced by the French Revolution and he took advantage of the alliance with the French as a strategy to fight against the British rule in India. Tipu Sultan was having membership in the French Club, Jacobin.
(68.) Note all the influences of the French Revolution.
Answer: The French Revolution influenced the world in the ways below
i) The French Revolution spread the idea of equality, liberty and fraternity.
ii) Ended the feudal system in Europe and it was a threat to autocratic rulers.
iii) The French revolution helped the growth of the middle class.
iv) From the French revolution it is proclaimed that the nation is not merely a region, it includes the people in that region.
v) The concept of nationalism emerged.
vi) The French revolution contributed the concept of people’s sovereignty.
(69.) What is the famous work of Rousseau?
Answer: ‘Social Contract’ is the famous work of Rousseau.
(70.) According to Rousseau what is the outcome of the contract between the ruler and the ruled?
Answer: According to Rousseau the government is the outcome of the contract between theruler and the ruled.
(71.) Who played a crucial role in defeating the European alliance?
Answer: Napoleon Bonaparte played a crucial role in defeating the European alliance.
(72.) State the reforms instituted by Napoleon Bonaparte stimulated by the ideas and aims of the French Revolution.
Answer: Following reforms instituted by Napoleon Bonaparte stimulated by the ideas and aims of the French Revolution
- Farmers were made the owners of their land.
- State controlling over the clergy.
- Formed ‘Sinking fund’ with the aim to avoid public debt.
- The Bank of France has been established to centralize finance.
- Roads have been constructed for transportation.
- New code of law has been prepared by codifying the existing laws.
(73.) What European countries are afraid of?
Answer: European countries are afraid that the reforms that Napoleon made will spread all over Europe.
(74.) What European countries did to fight against Napoleon Bonaparte?
Answer: European countries organized themselves under the leadership of England.
(75.) Who defeated Napoleon Bonaparte?
Answer: European Alliance defeated Napoleon Bonaparte.
(76.) The Battle of Waterloo fought between whom?
Answer: The Battle of Waterloo fought between Napoleon Bonaparte and the European Alliance.
(77.) When the Battle of Waterloo fought?
Answer: Battle of Waterloo fought in 1815.
(78.) What happened to Napoleon Bonaparte after the Battle of Waterloo?
Answer: Napoleon was defeated in the Battle of Waterloo and lost his power.
(79.) Who was Pablo Neruda?
Answer: Pablo Neruda was the Latin American poet.
(80.) What Pablo Neruda sees from the Heights of Macchu Picchu?
Answer: When Pablo Neruda sees down from the heights of Macchu Picchu, he sees the resources, cultivated maize, reared sheep and wealth which acquired from trading and he describes it in his poem ‘Heights of Macchu Picchu’.
(81.) Who colonized the Latin America and why?
Answer: The Spanish and Portuguese colonized the Latin America to exploit economic richness.
(82.) How the Spanish and Portuguese encroached in Latin America?
Answer: The Spanish and Portuguese started to propagate their language, religions and customs. The Spanish and Portuguese started to construct the houses and Churches in Spanish style. They also started Spanish and Portuguese education. Farming methods and cropping systems also changed according to the Spanish and Portuguese methods and crops. This is how the Spanish and Portuguese encroached in Latin America.
(83.) What negative things started to happen in Latin America after the encroachment of the Spanish and Portuguese?
Answer: The Spanish and Portuguese brought new diseases with them. Racial discrimination is started. The resources and wealth of the Latin Americans are looted and they are enslaved.
(84.) Who took the lead to free Latin America?
Answer: Jose De San Martin, Francisco Miranda and Simon Bolivar took the lead to free Latin America.
(85.) Who is the author of the novel ‘The Mother’?
Answer: Alexei Maximovich Peshkov also known as Maxim Gorky is the author of the novel ‘The Mother’.
(86.) What were the reasons behind Russian revolution?
Answer: Following reasons caused the Russian revolution
i) Farmers and factory workers in Russia were unhappy with the situation due to the autocracy of the Tzarist emperors.
ii) Farmers facing low agricultural production issues which affect income of farmers.
iii) Landless farmers also pay tax.
iv) Even though Russia was having good natural resources, industrial production of Russia was very low. Most of the industries were controlled by the foreigners.
(87.) Name the writers who raised issues of workers and farmers through their writing?
Answer: Maxim Gorky, Leo Tolstoy, Ivan Turgenev and Anton Chekov raised issues of workers and farmers through their writing.
(88.) Whose ideologies stirred the workers?
Answer: The Marxist ideologies which were formulated by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels stirred the workers.
(89.) What Karl Marx and Frederick Engels wanted to establish?
Answer: Karl Marx and Frederick Engels wanted to establish the supremacy of the workers instead of capitalists.
(90.) Why Do Trade Unions form?
Answer: Trade unions were formed to find remedies for the plight of the workers.
(91.) Which party was based on the Marxist ideologies?
Answer: The Social Democratic Workers Party was based on the Marxist ideologies.
(92.) Why do the workers organize a huge march at Petrograd?
Answer: To demand political rights and economic reforms the workers organized a huge march at Petrograd.
(93.) When the workers organized a march at Petrograd?
Answer: The workers organized a march at Petrograd on 9th January 1905.
(94.) Write about Bloody Sunday.
Answer: To demand for political rights and economic reforms the workers organized a huge march at Petrograd on 9th January 1905. The soldiers fired the march and hundreds of demonstrators were massacred. This event is known as the Bloody Sunday.
(95.) What worker’s organization is called?
Answer: Worker’s organization called “The Soviet”.
(96.) What is Duma?
Answer: The worker’s organization known as the Soviet gained massive strength and the emperor compelled to form a legislative assembly known as Duma.
(97.) What are the effects of participation in the First World War of Russia?
Answer: Nicholas II, the then Tsar decided to participate in the First World War. Russia lost many soldiers. By 1917 there was severe food shortage. Thousands of women marched along the streets of Petrograd on 8th March 1917 clamouring for bread. The workers also organized a protest march in Petrograd. Soldiers who demonstrators in the beginning later joined the workers. The workers captured Petrograd. Nicholas II was thrown out of power.
(98.) What demands the Bolsheviks and the Soviets put forward?
Answer: Following demands the Bolsheviks and the Soviets put forward
i) Withdraw Russia from the First World War.
ii) Seize the lands owned by the lords and distribute them among the farmers.
iii) Make factories public property.
(99.) Who organized an armed rebellion against the provisional government?
Answer: The Bolsheviks organized an armed rebellion against the provisional government.
(100.) Point out the results of the Russian Revolution.
Answer: Results of the Russian Revolution
i) Russia withdrew from the First World War.
ii) Seized out the land and distributed it among the peasants.
iii) Importance is given to the public sector.
iv) Centralized planning Introduced.
v) Development in the field of science, technology and economy has been achieved.
vi) New constitution came into force in 1924.
vii) By consolidating different Soviet Socialist Republics, the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republic was formed.
viii) Ideas of the Socialist spread all over the world.
(101.) Which Chinese items were in demand all over Europe?
Answer: Chinese silk, tea and earthenware were in demand all over Europe.
(102.) Why European traders suffered a great loss?
Answer: China was exporting many items to Europe but not importing anything from Europe which caused loss to European traders.
(103.) What remedy British traders adopted for loss?
Answer: The British traders imported opium to China and Chinese people consumed it which affected the Chinese people mentally and resulted in economic and mental subjugation.
(104.) How America used “the open door policy” to interfere in China?
Answer: According to “the open door policy” America argued for equal rights and opportunities for all countries in Chinese market. China is controlled by various countries. The aim of this policy was to create an opportunity for the USA to interfere in China.
(105.) What is Boxer Rebellion?
Answer: In China some secret organizations revolted against the foreign interference and domination. The emblem of these organizations was the Boxer’s fist so this is known as the Boxer Rebellion.
(106.) Who led the revolution against the Manchu Dynasty in 1911?
Answer: Dr. San Yat-Sen led the revolution against the Manchu Dynasty in 1911.
(107.) Which party established republican government in Southern China?
Answer: Kuomintang party established republican government in Southern China.
(108.) Which ideologies Sun Yat-Sen was following and why?
Answer: San Yat-Sen was following ideologies like nationalism, democracy and socialism. With Nationalism he wanted to expel the Manchu dynasty and the imperial powers. Once the Manchu dynasty and the imperial powers are expelled then democracy has been established and in democratic rule the society can control capital and the equal land distribution can be achieved which is known as socialism.
(109.) Who ascertained military autocracy in China?
Answer: Chiang Kai-Shek ascertained military autocracy in China.
(110.) What is Controlled by foreign Countries in China?
Answer: Coal and iron industries, banking and foreign trade were controlled by foreign countries in China.
(111.) Who protested against the policy of Chiang Kai-Shek?
Answer: The communists protested against the policy of Chiang Kai-Shek.
(112.) What is ‘Long March’?
Answer: In 1934, a journey started from Kiangsi in South China under the leadership of Mao Zedong which covered 12000 kms and seized out agricultural land and villages from lords and distributed them among the farmers. This journey is known as ‘Long March’.