Karnataka 2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 5 Human Settlements Questions and Answers Solution, Notes by Expert Teacher Priya Verma. Karnataka Class 12 Geography Solution Chapter 5.
There are 2 Parts in Karnataka Class 12 Textbook. Here You will find Part A Fundamental of Human Settlements’s Chapter 5 Human Settlements (Transport – Modes of Transport – Land Transport – Roads and Railways, Water Transport – Sea routes and Shipping Canals, Air Transport, Pipelines. Communication – Types – Newspapers, Radio, Television, Satellite and Internet).
Karnataka 2nd PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 5 – Human Settlements Solution
- State – Karnataka.
- Class – 2nd PUC / Class 12
- Subject – Geography.
- Topic – Solution / Notes.
- Chapter – 5
- Chapter Name – Human Settlements.
- Subpart – Transport – Modes of Transport – Land Transport – Roads and Railways, Water Transport – Sea routes and Shipping Canals, Air Transport, Pipelines. Communication – Types – Newspapers, Radio, Television, Satellite and Internet.
Model Questions :
Answer the following questions in word or a sentence :
(1) What is settlement?
Answer :
Settlements are the places inhabited by people temporarily or permanently.
(2) What is rural settlement?
Answer :
Rural settlement is a settlement whose most of the occupants are engaged in primary sector activities like agriculture, animal husbandry, mining etc.
(3) What are wet point settlements?
Answer :
Wet point settlements are the settlements which are located nearby rivers, lakes, springs or any other water body.
(4) What are Hamlets?
Answer :
Hamlets are a type of rural settlement which are smaller than villages and lack public utilities.
(5) Which is the first Million city of the world?
Answer :
The first million City in the world was London.
(6) What is a city?
Answer :
City is an urban settlement with a population of more than 1 lakh. It is larger than a town.
(7) Define the meaning of megalopolis.
Answer :
Megapolis is an integrated urban area which has a population of more than 10 million. It includes the neighboring sub urban cities also.
(8) What is a mega city?
Answer :
Megacity is an urban settlement with a population of more than 10 million. It includes nearby suburban locations also.
(9) Which is the largest mega city in the world?
Answer :
Largest megacity in the world is New York
(10) Define the term “Conurbation”.
Answer :
Conurbation is a large urban settlement which is formed by merging several towns and cities. for example greater London, greater Mumbai etc.
Answer the following questions with three to four sentences each :
(1) Define rural and urban settlements.
Answer :
Rural settlements are the ones whose majority of occupante are engaged in primary sector activities like agriculture, animal husbandry etc. These are small settlements and various factors affect the location of rural settlements. Like water supply, land, upland location, building material and defense. Whereas urban settlement other settlements whose majority of occupants are not engaged in primary sector activities. The Census of India defines the criteria of an urban settlement as-
(i) Minimum population of 5000 individuals
(ii) At least 75% of male working age population is engaged in non agricultural occupations.
(iii) Minimum population density of 400 people per square kilometer.
(2) Mention important pattern of rural settlements.
Answer :
Rural settlements are classified based upon their pattern of settlement into many types-
(i) Uniformpattern– uniform distribution of houses is seen in this pattern. It shows even distribution of resources
(ii) Clusteredpattern– in this pattern houses are located very near to each other. It is seen near rivers, fertile land or mining points etc.
(iii) Randompattern– settlement is highly dispersed and there is no certain pattern visible.
(iv) Dispersedsettlement– in this settlement pattern houses are located very far from each other. It is also known as a scattered settlement. example farmhouses etc.
(v) Hamlet– settlements which are smaller than villages and they lack public utilities.
(3) Define city and million cities.
Answer :
Cities in urban settlement with a population more than 1 lakh. It is bigger than a town and has the majority of public utilities available. It is also an economic center and performs functions like transport terminus, major financial institutions, regional administrative offices, educational institutions etc. Million cities are further big cities which have a minimum population of 1 million. The first million city in the world was London. As of 2013 there are 468 million cities in the world. The cities are premier economics centers in the world.
(4) Give two examples of educational towns.
Answer :
The urban settlements which are famous for premier educational institutions are known as educational towns. Some famous educational towns are Aligarh, Mysore, Oxford, Cambridge etc.
(5) Mention any two cultural and religious towns.
Answer :
The urban settlements which are famous for pilgrimage and worship are known as cultural and religious towns. Some famous cultural and religious towns are Jerusalem, Makkah, Rome, PuriJagannath, Varanasi etc.
(6) List out the trading and commercial towns of the world.
Answer :
Some urban settlements have turned out to be a premier trading and commercial center in the world. These are known as trading and commercial towns. Some important commercial centers are Mumbai, banking and financial centers like Frankfurt and Amsterdam, Manchester and Saint Louis etc. Transport towns are Lahore, Baghdad, Agra. The famous industrial centers are Pittsburgh, Jamshedpur, Mumbai, Manchester Shanghai, Tokyo etc.
(7) Give two examples of administration towns.
Answer :
The urban settlements which are majorly engaged in administrative functions are known as administrative towns. Like New Delhi, Canberra, Beijing, Addis Ababa, Washington DC and London.
Answer the following questions :
(1) Explain the patterns of rural settlements.
Answer :
The settlements whose majority of occupants are engaged in primary sector activities like agriculture, mining, animal husbandry etc are known as rural settlements. Various factors which affect the location of rural settlements are water supply, land, building material, defense and upland location. The spatial arrangement of houses in any settlement is known as settlement pattern. Rural settlements pattern are classified into many types like-
(i) Uniformpattern– it shows equitable distribution of resources. In this pattern of settlement houses are evenly distributed over the geographical area.
(ii) Clusterpattern– these type of settlement patterns are found near rivers, fertile land and mining points etc. In this many houses are located in a compact form nearby resources.
(iii) Randompattern– in this houses are dispersed over a large geographical area and it exhibits no such particular pattern of distribution.
(iv) Dispersedsettlements– in this houses are located at a large distance from each other. For example farm houses. This type of settlement is also known as a scattered settlement.
(v) Hamlets– these are smaller settlements than Village. They usually lack public utilities.
(2) Explain the shapes of rural settlements.
Answer :
The settlements whose majority of occupants are engaged in primary sector activities like agriculture mining and animal husbandry etc are known as rural settlements. Rural settlements are formed in different shapes over a long period of time. Usually they are in-
(i) Linearpattern– in this pattern houses are located in a linear form usually along a road, railway line, river, canal or edge of a valley or a long levee.
(ii) Rectangularpattern– this type of settlements are usually found in plane areas and wide intermountain valleys. In this pattern roads intersect each other at right angles and houses are built along these intersections.
(iii) RectangularPattern– this type of settlement developed around lakes, tanks or a large park. In This a lake, tank or a large park is located in the middle and the houses are located at the periphery.
(iv) Starshaped– this type of settlement is found in small hills or a megapolis in which all the roads radiate out from a single point.
(v) T, X, Y shaped settlement– these types of settlements are developed at tri junctions or places where two roads converge.
(vi) Doublevillage– this type of settlement are developed near canals or rivers which are connected by a bridge.
(vii) Triangularpattern– these types of settlement patterns are found in villages which are situated at the confluence of two rivers. For example- Prayagraj which is situated at the confluence of river Ganga and Yamuna.
(3) Discuss the problems of rural settlements.
Answer :
Rural settlements face several problems from a social and economic perspective. Some common issues faced by rural settlements are-
(i) Inadequate supply of water. No provision of tap water. Sometimes in desert areas people have to travel large distances to take water.
(ii) Healthcare management is another issue because basic health facilities are not readily available. And these areas are more prone to communicable diseases like diarrhea, cholera etc.
(iii) Primitive agriculture techniques and low adoption of modern agriculture impediments and irrigation facilities.
(iv) More vulnerability to natural disasters like drought and floods because these regions are primarily dependent on agriculture
(v) Poor housing facilities and lack of modern architecture and amenities.
(vi) Lackof communication facilities and modern facilities like finance, banking, education etc.
(vii) Lack of toilets and waste management infrastructure.
(4) Describe the types of urban settlements.
Answer :
Urban settlements are those human settlements whose majority of population is involved in non agricultural activities. More than 51% of the world population is living in urban areas. The sense of India defines urban settlements as a settlement having-
(i) Minimum population of 5000 individuals
(ii) Not less than 75% of male working each population is engaged in non agricultural activities
(iii) Minimum population density of 400 persons per square kilometer
Urban settlements are classified according to its population size, occupation, structure, function etc.
(iv) According to size of population– according to population size urban centers are divided into town cities and million cities etc. For example in European Nations like Denmark, Sweden and Finland population size of 250 people is considered as an urban area, whereas a minimum population of thousand individuals is considered as an urban center in Canada and Venezuela.
(v) Occupation structure– here economic activities are the deciding factor for designing an urban settlement.
(vi) Functions– according to functions urban settlements are categorized as administrative towns for example (New Delhi Canberra Beijing etc.), Trading and commercial towns (Frankfurt and Amsterdam), industrial towns ( Pittsburgh and Jamshedpur) etc.
(vii) Cultural and religious towns– urban settlements are classified on the basis of religious importance and pilgrimage. Example- Varanasi, Jerusalem etc.
(viii) Educationaltowns– importance in the education field like Oxford, Cambridge etc.
(5) Explain the urban settlements based on occupation and functions.
Answer :
Urban settlements are majorly classified on the basis of their economic activity and utility. According to occupational structure urban settlements are classified based on the economic activities of its occupants. It could be a secondary or tertiary sector activity. In terms of functions urban settlements are classified warning to its unique functions and utility in present context. It could be majorly divided into following types-
(i) Administrativetowns– most of the residence of this locality are engaged in administrative function or these areas might have a valve into good administrative centers. For example New Delhi, Canberra, Beijing, Washington DC, London etc.
(ii) Trading and commercial towns– this type of urban settlements have emerged as the important nodes of commercial activities in the present world. For example- Mumbai and Frankfurt have developed as important financial centers. Lahore, Baghdad and Agra are the important transport nodal centers. Pittsburgh and Jamshedpur have developed as industrial towns whereas Dhanbad, Johannesburg, Kimberly etc are the important mining and quarrying centers.
(iii) Culturaland religious towns– these are urban settlements which have game importance because of their religious and pilgrimage activities like Rome, Varanasi, Puri, Jerusalem, Mecca etc
(iv) Educationaltowns– these are one settlement which are famous for their educational importance like Oxford, Cambridge, Aligarh etc.
(6) Discuss the problems of urban settlements.
Answer :
About 51% of the world population is currently living in urban areas. With this massive population there are various problems associated with urban settlements. Like-
(i) Various economic problems like rising unemployment and underemployment are becoming a problem in urban settlement.
(ii) Because of the migrant population slums are developing around major cities. It shows the starking economic disparities among the various sections of society and the unequal distribution of resources.
(ii) Huge stress on natural resources causes various environmental problems and issues like waste management and pollution.
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