Essay – Earthquake Precursors: Studies & Monitoring
Earthquake Precursors: Studies & Monitoring Essay: The earthquake precursor is a global phenomena, occurred in the ionosphere and atmosphere over the epicentre. The study on earthquake precursors is advanced scientific study on short-term earthquake prediction. This study includes electric and magnetic fields, ground water level change, temperature level change, gas emissions, change in seismic patterns and surface deformations. Many attempts have been made to monitor all precursory phenomena for the complete earthquake prediction report. The animal-based electromagnetic wave model was formed on various hypotheses out of which the most useful was magnetometer with unique design and geometry. This high-end magnetometers have been used to find out the fault zones of potential earthquake forecasting. A propagating earthquake precursor has been detected with numerous weaker signals.
Studies on earthquake precursors:
The result on research findings over strong earthquake precursors has been presented as electrical precursors. The travel time of the front resistivity precursor and the method of intersection for identifying earthquake epicentre are responsible to give this result. The earth crust and mantle are treated as large scale which is based on the granular physics and experiments of earthquake observations. In studies, properties of seismic precursor information and its relation with earthquake has been illustrated. For the discrete nature of the earth crust and mantle, the continuum theory of earthquake precursor is no longer applicable for the seismological process. GPS network has been developed as an earthquake detection technique that enables real time implementation over available date set. Different earthquake zones like mid-ocean ridge, Tibet plateau, Malaysia area, the Andes etc. have been revealed with possible seismo-ionospheric precursors in this areas. The avoidance of false alarms in short term earthquake zones should not be avoided for long term effects which is utmost importance for avoiding panics among people.
The mobile field observation network of earthquake precursor is wireless networking system. The real time network could record and transmit large amounts of data which strengthen signal observations in specific time period for a place. This can improve monitoring capability and tracking capacity of earthquake precursors. This get geomagnetic field data of the local regions and provide high-quality observation over earthquake precursors. Low predictions and high uncertainty of earthquake makes it the most adverse effects natural calamity. Due to this, it can cause immediate loss of natural resources and people. Earthquake precursors have been observed by satellite based land surface temperature before occurring an earthquake. Many studies on earthquake precursors have shown reports on pre-seismic, co-seismic and post-seismic reactions of groundwater on earthquakes. In research, it has been assessed to find possible between changes in physiochemical parameters of groundwater to measure the intensity of earthquake in Dead Sea transform region.
Monitoring earthquake precursors:
Seismometers help to detect and measure earthquakes by converting the variations of seismic waves into electric signals. The two types of seismic waves that travel through the earth are P- waves and S-waves. P- Waves are longitudinal waves which travel the fastest and expose all compression and dilation. S-waves are transverse waves which travels perpendicular to the direction. When this two types of motions combine together and form a surface motion that leads the downfall of land and buildings. To measure earthquake seismologist uses two types of scales which are intensity and magnitude. The intensity of an earthquake normally decreases with the distance from the epicentre. Magnitude is measured as the released energy during earthquake and estimated from the amplitude of ground motions. Different magnitude scales have been developed based on the amplitude motions of regions. The most useful and reliable measurement scale of earthquake is moment magnitude.
Conclusion:
Earthquake precursors are measured by seismometer scales based on intensity and magnitude. Earthquake waves generates in its source first inside the earth crust and mantle part which is called epicentre. Different process and variables have been used to measure the intensity of earthquake. The instrument used for measuring earthquake is seismograph where its intensity is measured by Richter scale. Earthquake intensity crosses higher level after reaching 5 in Richter scale. Researchers and scientists have working constantly on weather forecast and prior information about natural calamities. The more people will become aware, they can be safe from the adverse effects of earthquake and reduce its effects at minimum level at least.
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