Chhattisgarh State Board Class 9 Social Science Chapter 11 The Idea of Democracy and its Spread Exercise Multiple Choice, Fill in the Blanks, Questions and Answers here.
Chhattisgarh State Class 9 Social Science Chapter 11 The Idea of Democracy and its Spread Solution
- Which of the two processes of appointing a monitor is more democratic, and why?
Ans: Second process of appointing a monitor is more democratic, because the students would be able to vote for their monitor, whom they would wilfully obey.
- Do you think the family’s decision was democratic?
Ans: No, the family’s decision was not democratic because Rosy was pressurized to choose a subject out of her choice, instead of wanting to choose another subject.
- What is the role of the people in electing the above representatives? Discuss in class.
Ans:
1.) Rural (Gram Panchayat) – Elected by Panchayat members and the sarpanch (leader of the panchayat)
Urban (Nagar Panchayat,
Municipal Corporation) – Elected by members of the specific residence or city.
Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) – Elected by members of the whole state.
Vidhan Parishad
(Legislative Council) – Elected by a mix of elected officials, graduates, educators, and representatives of local government
Lok Sabha
(Lower House of Parliament) – The entire country is divided into constituencies, and eligible voters from each constituency elect members of the Lok Sabha
Rajya Sabha
(Upper House of Parliament) – Elected by the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies and by members of an Electoral College.
- Libya was a colony of which nation?
Ans: Libya was a colony of Italy.
- What impact did the discovery of large reserves of oil and natural gas have on Libya’s system of governance?
Ans: Large reserves of natural oil and gas were discovered in Libya in 1959 and the country became a rich nation. The king and his favoured elite families gained control of all these natural resources. It was during this period that a wave of nationalist movement began spreading in North Africa. Its impact was felt in Libya.
- What kind of state did the youth of the country want to establish?
Ans: The youth of the country were aspired to set up a modern state for the welfare of the people, free from all exploitative forces. They wanted to bring unity and peace to Libya, ending all tribal conflicts and atrocities against women. They wanted the revenue earned from oil to be used for the benefit of all the citizens.
- What steps did Col Gaddafi take for Libya’s progress?
Ans: Col. Muammar Gaddafi was one of the powerful leaders of the Libyan army. Along with 70 young officers, he took control of the country in 1969. The steps Col Gaddafi took for Libya’s progress were:
a) He called his military junta the Free Officers Movement. King Idris abandoned the throne and fled from Libya.
b) The monarchy was ended and Gaddafi declared a new Socialist Libyan Arab Republic.
c) The army gave its full backing to the revolution under the leadership of the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), which consisted of 12 army officers. The RCC declared that Libya would be a modern, egalitarian nation.
d) Gaddafi made military service compulsory for all Libyans – both men and women.
e) He ensured that women had equal status in society as men and formulated many laws for their benefit.
f) Legally no man was permitted to have more than one wife.
- What impact did the various initiatives launched by Col Gaddafi have on the people of Libya?
Ans: From the time Gaddafi came to power in 1969 until 2011, these welfare schemes saw the average life expectancy of the people increase from 50 years to 77 years. The country’s 30 lakh population was provided free medical facilities, education and subsidized housing. The most important change was freedom and equality of women. They now had the right to start their own business, own property and work in government jobs. In 2010, Libya’s male-female literacy rate was 90 percent. The country occupied the leading position in the whole of Africa in social welfare.
- Do you think Gaddafi ruled Libya democratically? Discuss in class.
Ans: Colonel Muammar Gaddafi did not govern Libya in a democratic manner. His reign was marked by autocracy and the absence of parliamentary systems. Gaddafi seized control through a military revolution in 1969.
- Discuss the Arab Spring with your teacher.
Ans: In 2010, a businessman was killed in Tunisia, Libya’s neighbour. The incident sparked a revolt that quickly spread across Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain and Syria. The internet and mobile technology played a big role in its spread since the governments found it difficult to control these social communication media channels that were used extensively to channelize the protest movement. This revolutionary movement came to be popularly known as the Arab Spring.
- Why did the Libyans want democracy?
Ans: Libyans wanted democracybecuase the Gaddafi government had no faith in democratic institutions. It established a parallel administrative body called the Revolutionary Command Council. The military rulers did not tolerate any kind of opposition to the government. They imprisoned and even killed anyone who raised their voice in protest and used the crudest methods to suppress and silence all opposition. The citizens were not allowed to form any kind of organization.
- Why did the Gaddafi government fail to control the rebellion in Libya?
Ans: Gaddafi government failed to control the rebellion in Libya because protests erupted in a number of places around the nation. Protesters assaulted government buildings and seized over radio stations. To put down the rebellion, the police and troops used live ammunition in a number of locations. The tide of outrage, however, continued to expand and deepen. The rebels advocated for the establishment of a democratic government in Libya. Gaddafi declared war on Libya. He utilised his air force and army to put down the rebellion. The nation was quickly engulfed in a civil war. Some of the world’s most powerful democratic countries were eager to put an end to Gaddafi’s tyranny in Libya. They started to provide weapons and money to rebel outfits in order to gain their support. The United Nations (UN) also expressed its support for the insurgents, proclaiming a ‘no-fly zone’ over Libya in order to halt the government’s aerial assaults and safeguard the people. Gaddafi, on the other hand, resumed his air raids. NATO troops from the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and France used their jets to assault government positions. The uprising finally succeeded. Colonel Gaddafi was apprehended as he attempted to leave. He was put to death.
- What role did the internet and mobile phones play in Libya’s struggle for democracy?
Ans: In 2010, a businessman was killed in Tunisia, Libya’s neighbour. The incident sparked a revolt that quickly spread across Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain and Syria. The internet and mobile technology played a big role in its spread since the governments found it difficult to control these social communication media channels that were used extensively to channelize the protest movement. This revolutionary movement came to be popularly known as the Arab Spring. In January 2011, the Libyan people staged a protested against corruption in the city of Al-Bayda and the delay in constructing homes under a government housing scheme. Also, in Benghazi, people were not getting even the minimum civic facilities. Many people in the city were unemployed. Many families had no regular income. Benghazi soon became the centre of a violent anti-government protest. The police tried to crush the revolt. People across the country began sharing their problems through the internet and their mobile phones. But the government-controlled media was instructed to blank out coverage of all political developments.
- What were the main issues of the democratic movement in Libya?
Ans: a) The anti-government protests took a more violent turn in February 2011.
b) People in Benghazi staged demonstrations against the police. Some protesters used fire-arms.
c) Protests broke out in many cities across the country. The protesters attacked government buildings and took control of the radio stations.
d) The police and army resorted to firing in many places to quell the revolt. However, the wave of protest continued to spread and intensify.
- In which year and under whose leadership did Myanmar achieve independence?
Ans: An ethnic Burmese leader Aung San led the movement for the independence and Myanmar gained independence on January 4, 1948 even though Aung San was assassinated six months earlier.
- In which years were democratic elections held in Myanmar?
Ans: In 1951,1956, and 1960 democratic elections held in Myanmar.
- Who was Aung San Suu Kyi? What did she do to usher in political change in Myanmar?
Ans: Army chief Gen Ne Win overthrew the duly elected government in 1962 and took over control of the country. He tried to nationalize the industrial and mineral resources sectors and also declared free universal education and free medical facilities for all citizens. Between 1962 and 1965, many laws were passed to control the powerful landlords and curb money-lending activities. The laws sought to protect the land and property rights of small peasants as well as the interests of sharecroppers.
- Why didn’t the military rulers permit the National League for Democracy to form the government even after the party won 80 percent of the seats in the election?
Ans: The military government of Myanmar stated that elections will be conducted in 1990. In the election, the National League for Democracy (NLD) gained 80% of the seats. Ang San Suu Kyi, the party’s leader, was imprisoned at the time. The army refused to free her and refused to allow her party to join the government. Suu Kyi was freed but placed under house arrest after the election. Her mobility was limited, and she was not allowed to meet or engage with other individuals. She was even barred from attending her husband’s burial or seeing her two boys.
- What impact did the economic sanctions imposed by the democratic nations have on Myanmar?
Ans: International economic and trade sanctions were imposed on the country to maintain the pressure on the army. Myanmar could neither export nor import goods. The sanctions forced the military government to modify its policies.
- What were the major policy changes the military government made after 2008?
Ans: Many changes took place in Myanmar in 2008. The military government announced a public referendum on establishing democracy in the country but the referendum was never conducted. The name of the country was changed from Burma to Myanmar. An election was held in 2010 under the supervision of the United Nations. However, Suu Kyi remained under house arrest and was barred from contesting. She was released only after the election. Her party boycotted the election in protest. As a result, the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party emerged victorious amidst accusations of electoral malpractices.
- What did the military rulers do to prevent Suu Kyi and her NLD party from coming to power in 2010 and thereafter?
Ans: In 2010, an election was conducted under the observation of the United Nations. Suu Kyi, on the other hand, remained under house arrest and was forbidden from running for office.
She was only freed after the election. In protest, her party boycotted the election. As a consequence, the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party won despite allegations of election fraud.
- Why does it seem like democracy can be established in Myanmar? Discuss in class.
Ans: In the 20th century, many countries in the world began demanding some form of democratic governance. Democracy was established in most colonial countries after they gained independence. Wherever democracy failed to take root, the struggle to establish a democratic government continues to this day. In the modern era, there is no country in the world whose citizen’s would willingly accept the rule of a monarch or dictator. Therefore, democracy can still be established in Myanmar.
EXERCISES
1.) Choose the right option in the following:
1.) Who was the king of Libya?
a) Idris b) Mussolini c) Col. Gaddafi d) Aung San Suu Kyi
Ans: a) Idris
2.) In which city did the rebellion in Libya begin?
a) Tripoli b) Benghazi c) Al Bayda d) Rangoon
Ans: b) Benghazi
3.) What was the literacy rate (percent) in Libya in 2010? a) 50 b) 70 c) 80 d) 90
Ans: c) 80
4.) Who took over power after toppling the democratic government in Myanmar?
a) Aung San b) Ne Win c) Aung San Suu kyi d) Thein Sein
Ans: d) Thein Sein
5.) Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded the Nobel Prize for her contribution in which field?
- a) Literature b) Peace c) Social welfare d) Medicine
Ans: b) Peace
2.) Fill in the blanks:
1.) Libya was a …………………………………………….. in North-Africa.
Ans: country
2.) ………………………………………………is the current president of Myanmar.
Ans: Thein Sein
3.) The people of Libya were mostly involved in farming and …………………………..
Ans: agriculture
4.) Myanmar was colonized by …………………………………………………………..
Ans: the British
5.) In Myanmar, farmers were forced to sell their children to the ……………………..
Ans: Jade mines
3.) Answer the following questions:
1.) Why did Libya witness mass protests in 2011?
Ans: The Libyan people protested against corruption in the city of Al-Bayda and the delay in building houses under a government housing plan in January 2011. In addition, individuals in Benghazi were not receiving even the most basic municipal services. Many individuals in the city were out of work. Many households did not have a steady source of income. Benghazi quickly became the focal point of a violent anti-government demonstration. The police attempted to quell the uprising. People all around the nation started to share their troubles via the internet and cell phones. However, the government-controlled media was told to ignore any political events.
2.) Why did America want to dismiss the Gaddafi government?
Ans: Gaddafi declared war on Libya. He utilised his air force and army to put down the rebellion. The nation was quickly engulfed in a civil war.
Some of the world’s most powerful democratic countries were eager to put an end to Gaddafi’s tyranny in Libya.
They started to provide weapons and money to rebel outfits in order to gain their support. The United Nations (UN) also expressed its support for the insurgents, proclaiming a ‘no-fly zone’ over Libya in order to halt the government’s aerial assaults and safeguard the people. Gaddafi, on the other hand, resumed his air raids. NATO troops from the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and France used their jets to assault government positions. The uprising finally succeeded. Colonel Gaddafi was apprehended as he prepared to leave. He was put to death.
3.) How did urbanization affect the people of Libya?
Ans: The fast changes happened in Libya as a result of urbanisation. More employment possibilities in the government sector have resulted in the progressive extinction of tribal life. Libyan society’s many classes and groups were now living in peace. The majority of individuals were employed by the government. The increasing middle class was interested in business and industry, but prospects were limited.
4.) Apart from the common people, who participated in the popular movement to oust theGaddafi government?
Ans: . The NATO forces of the United States of America, Britain and France together participated in the popular movement to oust the Gaddafi government.
5.) What were the atrocities committed by the army against the people of Myanmar?
Ans: The army started to crush the insurgents. In 1962, Army Chief Gen Ne Win ousted the lawfully elected government and seized control of the nation. He attempted to nationalise the industrial and natural resource sectors, as well as establish universal free education and medical care for all inhabitants. Many regulations were established between 1962 and 1965 to restrain strong landlords and limit money-lending businesses. The legislation attempted to safeguard small peasants’ land and property rights, as well as sharecroppers’ interests.
The military authorities attempted to acquire the people’s trust by demonstrating that they were working for their benefit. All industry and mining were nationalised. This gave the army power over all natural resources.
- Why was Aung San Suu Kyi placed under house arrest?
Ans: The military junta in Myanmar (Burma) put Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest for her pro-democracy advocacy and leadership position in the National League for Democracy (NLD).
- Why did people oppose the Gaddafi government despite the economic and socialdevelopment initiatives it undertook?
Ans: The Gaddafi regime had not much trust in democratic institutions. It formed the Revolutionary Command Council, a rival administrative entity. The military overlords did not allow any kind of government opposition. They imprisoned and even murdered anybody who spoke out in protest, and they utilised the most heinous measures to crush and quiet all criticism. Citizens were not permitted to create any type of organisation. That is why, people opposed the Gaddafi government despite the economic and social development initiatives it undertook
8.) Why did America not intervene in Myanmar?
AnsThe army took over several tribal areas and imposed its authority. To fight the military invasion, several tribes took up weapons. The army started to crush the insurgents. That is why the United States did not interfere in Myanmar.
9.) Why did democracy fail in Myanmar after independence?
Ans: Myanmar encountered an abundance of challenging tribal rights issues. In order to confront and overcome these issues, the nation needs a robust institutional system. It did not, however, have such robust institutions. The army seized control of several tribal territories and imposed its authority. Many tribes took up guns to protest the military invasion.
The army started repressing the insurgents. In 1962, Army Chief Gen Ne Win ousted the lawfully elected government and seized control of the nation. He attempted to nationalise the industrial and natural resource sectors, as well as to announce free universal education and free medical care for all inhabitants. Many legislation were established between 1962 and 1965 to restrict strong landlords and discourage money-lending businesses. The legislation attempted to safeguard the land and property rights of small peasants as well as the interests of sharecroppers.
The military authorities attempted to acquire the people’s trust by demonstrating that they were working for their wellbeing. They nationalised every industry and mine. This gave the army control of all natural resources. However, unlike Libya, where army leadership resulted in the nation’s wellbeing, Myanmar experienced no growth, and the country grew more economically poor. Poverty compelled the peasants to labour on the farms, which were now managed by the army. The soldiers also pushed their children into servitude. There were several claims of human rights violations levelled against military administrations.
People were removed from their houses and made to serve as bonded labour. Child work was also severely exploited.
10.) Why did America, France and Britain attack Libya?
Ans: Most of the world’s most powerful democratic countries were eager to put an end to Gaddafi’s tyranny in Libya. They began to provide rebel forces with weapons and money. The United Nations (UN) also backed the rebels, declaring a ‘no-fly zone’ over Libya to prevent the government’s aerial attacks and protect the people. Gaddafi’s air attacks, however, continued. NATO forces from the United States, the United Kingdom, and France used aircraft to attack government positions. The insurrection was eventually successful. Colonel Gaddafi was captured on his way out. He was executed by beheading.
11.) How was military rule in Libya different from Myanmar?
Ans: The military rulers tried to gain the confidence of the people by showing them that they were working for their welfare. They nationalized all industries and mines. This brought all natural resources under army control. But unlike Libya, where army rule led to the welfare of the country, Myanmar saw no progress and the country became increasingly economically impoverished. Poverty forced the peasants to work on the farms, which were now run by the army. Their children were also forced into bondage by the army. There were many allegations of human rights violation against the military administrators. People were evicted from their homes and forced to work as bonded labourers. Child labour was also harshly exploited.
12.) Why do you think democracy was not established in Libya even after it gainedindependence?
Ans: After independence, King Idris became the ruler of Libya. He dominated the country along with a few elite families. Most Libyans belonged to different tribes. They engaged in farming and animal husbandry and were dominated by their tribal chiefs. Large reserves of natural oil and gas were discovered in Libya in 1959 and the country became a rich nation. The king and his favoured elite families gained control of all these natural resources. It was during this period that a wave of nationalist movement began spreading in North Africa. Its impact was felt in Libya. Colonel Muammar Gaddafi was a strong commander of the Libyan army. In 1969, he seized control of the nation with the help of 70 young policemen. The Free Officers Movement was the name he gave to his military junta. King Idris abdicated the throne and departed Libya. Gaddafi established a new Socialist Libyan Arab Republic, ending the monarchy. The army backed the revolution wholeheartedly, led by the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), a group of 12 army commanders. Libya, according to the RCC, will be a modern, equitable society.
13.) What were the differences in the social welfare measures undertaken by the military governments in Libya and Myanmar?
Ans: The welfare measures undertaken in Libya fulfilled the fundamental needs of the people. They gave the people the opportunity to improve their living standards through education and employment. Myanmar also initiated some welfare measures, including land reform laws. But the army exploited the people and the country’s natural resources. As a result, the people were mired in poverty. In both countries, the ruling government had the active backing of the army. The rulers did not allow free and fair elections nor did they permit the formation of political parties. Even when elections were held, they did not allow the victorious parties to form a government. Such autocracy stifled freedom of thought, expression and political dissent. It also stifled the evolution of political organisations.
14.) What role did Aung San Suu Kyi play in establishing democracy in Myanmar?
Ans: The protests against military rule were mostly spearheaded by students. A major protest broke out in 1988, which was brutally suppressed by the army. It was during this period that Aung San Suu Kyi (daughter of assassinated Aang San) launched a movement for political reform in the country. She has since emerged as the leader of Burma’s struggle for democracy. Myanmar’s military rulers declared that elections would be held in 1990. The National League for Democracy (NLD) won 80 percent of the seats in the election. Party leader Ang San Suu Kyi was in jail at the time.
15.) How does literacy and social communication contribute to spreading democratic awareness?
Ans: a) To understand news and read newspapers.
b) To watch news channels and comprehend from it.
c) To differentiate between genuine and false content in the media.
d) To create a strong public opinion, conduct elections, form government bodies, understand government policies and act accordingly.
e) To facilitate the exchange of ideas and thoughts with each other.
16.) Why did the military government refuse to accept the 1990 election verdict in Myanmar?
Ans: The military government of Myanmar stated that elections will be conducted in 1990. In the election, the National League for Democracy (NLD) gained 80% of the seats. Ang San Suu Kyi, the party’s leader, was imprisoned at the time. The army refused to free her and refused to allow her party to join the government. Suu Kyi was freed but placed under house arrest after the election.
Her mobility was limited, and she was not allowed to meet or engage with other individuals. She was even barred from attending her husband’s burial or seeing her two boys.
Many democratic countries throughout the globe have exerted pressure on Myanmar’s military leadership to free all political detainees and reinstall the democratically elected government. To keep the pressure on the army, international economic and commercial sanctions were put on the country. Myanmar was unable to export or import commodities. Sanctions compelled the military administration to change its policy.
Thank You for this questions and answers.