Atmosphere Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Notes
We have provided here Atmosphere Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Notes by our Experienced Teacher. This Extra Questions and Answers Notes consists of MCQ Questions and Answers; Very Short Type Questions and Answer & Short Type Questions and Answers.
MCQ
1.) What is the primary purpose of Earth’s atmosphere?
a) To generate electricity
b) To provide oxygen for breathing
c) To act as a protective boundary
d) To create colorful sunsets
Answer: c)
2.) Which gas makes up the majority of Earth’s atmosphere?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Argon
Answer: c)
3.) In which atmospheric layer does the ozone layer exist?
a) Troposphere
b) Stratosphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere
Answer: b)
4.) What is the primary gas responsible for trapping heat in the atmosphere?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Argon
Answer: b)
5.) Which wind blows from the equatorial low-pressure belt towards the sub-tropical high-pressure belt in the northern hemisphere?
a) Westerlies
b) Trade winds
c) Polar winds
d) Monsoons
Answer: b)
6.) What is the term for the process of water vapor turning into clouds?
a) Condensation
b) Precipitation
c) Evaporation
d) Sublimation
Answer: a)
7.) Which type of rainfall occurs when moist air is forced to rise over a mountain barrier?
a) Convectional rainfall
b) Cyclonic rainfall
c) Orographic rainfall
d) Drizzle
Answer: c)
8.) What is the scientific study of weather called?
a) Geology
b) Climatology
c) Meteorology
d) Oceanography
Answer: c)
9.) Which atmospheric layer is closest to space and has extremely low pressure?
a) Troposphere
b) Stratosphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Exosphere
Answer: d)
10.) What is the term for the average atmospheric conditions of a larger area over a long period?
a) Climate
b) Weather
c) Temperature
d) Humidity
Answer: a)
One liners:
1.) What is the protective layer of gases and particles surrounding Earth?
Answer: Atmosphere
2.) Which gas makes up about 78% of Earth’s atmosphere?
Answer: Nitrogen
3.) What is the highest atmospheric layer with low pressure and rare elements?
Answer: Exosphere
4.) What is the process of water vapor turning into liquid droplets in the atmosphere?
Answer: Condensation
5.) What is the study of long-term atmospheric conditions called?
Answer: Climatology
6.) What is the term for the horizontal movement of air on Earth’s surface?
Answer: Wind
7.) What is the primary gas responsible for the greenhouse effect?
Answer: Carbon dioxide
8.) Which atmospheric layer contains the ozone layer?
Answer: Stratosphere
9.) What type of clouds have a feathery or fibrous appearance and indicate fair weather?
Answer: Cirrus
10.) What is the low-pressure belt near the equator with calm winds called?
Answer: Doldrums
Short questions :
1.) What is the composition of the earth’s atmosphere and why is it important for life on Earth?
A: The earth’s atmosphere consists of gases, dust particles and water vapor. The most common gases are nitrogen (78. 08%) and oxygen (20. 94%). It is essential because it traps heat, provides gases essential for respiration and influences weather conditions.
2.) How is the atmosphere divided into different layers and what are their characteristics?
A: The atmosphere is divided into five layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere (ionosphere) and exosphere. Each layer has unique characteristics such as temperature fluctuations and weather conditions.
3.) What role does temperature play in the atmosphere and how is it measured?
A: Temperature is crucial in the atmosphere because it affects weather and climate. It is measured by thermometers, with units such as Celsius and Fahrenheit. Temperature varies depending on factors such as latitude, altitude and proximity to the sea.
4.) Explain the concept of atmospheric pressure and its relationship with temperature.
A: Atmospheric pressure is the mass of air on the Earth’s surface. It is measured by a barometer and is measured in millibars (mb). Temperature and pressure are inversely proportional; high temperature leads to low pressure and vice versa.
5.) What are the most important pressure groups on Earth and how do they affect wind patterns?
A: The Earth has several major pressure zones, including equatorial low pressure zones, subtropical high pressure zones, subpolar low pressure zones, and polar high pressure zones. These zones influence the global wind circulation.
6.) What are planetary winds and how do they affect climate and navigation?
A: Planetary winds, also known as prevailing winds, are constant winds that blow in specific directions. They play an important role in climate, desert formation and navigation routes around the world.
7.) Describe the different types of precipitation and the processes behind them.
A: There are three main types of precipitation: convective, orographic and cyclonic. Convective precipitation is caused by rising warm air. Orographic rains are caused by mountains that force the air to rise, while cyclonic rains are caused by rising air in cyclones.
8.) What is humidity and how is it measured? Explain the different types of humidity.
A: Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor in the air. It is measured with a hygrometer or psychrometer. The types of humidity are absolute humidity, relative humidity and specific humidity.
9.) What are the different types of clouds and how do they affect weather conditions?
A: There are different types of clouds, including stratosum, cumulus, cumulus, and nimbus. They can talk about weather conditions, such as good weather, rain or a thunderstorm.
10.) What is the difference between weather and climate and what factors affect the climate of a particular region?
Answer: Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions in a given area, while climate is a long-term average of weather patterns. Factors that influence climate include latitude, altitude, winds, proximity to the sea, and sea currents.
Long answer type:
1: What is the importance of the earth’s atmosphere and why is it essential for life on our planet?
A: Earth’s atmosphere is a thin layer of gases, dust particles and water vapor that surrounds our planet. It acts as a protective boundary between space and earth. Its importance lies in several key points: First, the atmosphere traps heat through the greenhouse effect and maintains a temperature suitable for life. Without it, the Earth would be very cold. Second, the atmosphere contains important gases such as oxygen and nitrogen, which are essential for breathing and life. In addition, the presence of water vapor in the atmosphere causes cloud formation and precipitation, providing fresh water resources for ecosystems and human consumption. Finally, the different layers of the atmosphere affect weather patterns and climate, which affects the conditions for life on Earth.
2: What are the five different layers of the earth’s atmosphere and what are their unique properties?
A: The earth’s atmosphere can be divided into five main layers:
1.) Troposphere: This is the lowest layer where weather phenomena occur. It is characterized by a decrease in temperature with altitude and the presence of clouds, wind and rain.
2.) Stratosphere: Found above the troposphere, it contains the ozone layer, which absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays from the Sun. This layer is stable and ideal for jet travel.
3.) Mesosphere: Above the stratosphere, the mesosphere has very low temperatures and is the coldest layer of the atmosphere.
4.) Thermosphere (ionosphere): This layer has a significantly increased temperature and ionization of gases occurs, which contributes to the reflection of radio waves.
5.) Exosphere: Outer layer with few elements and very low pressure.
3: How does atmospheric pressure change with factors such as altitude, temperature and location on Earth?
A3: Barometric pressure, the weight of air above a given point, varies due to several factors:
– Altitude: When the altitude increases, the air pressure decreases. For every 300 meters of ascent, the pressure drops by about 34 millibars.
– Temperature: Higher temperatures lead to lower pressure, lower temperatures lead to higher pressure. Warm air expands and becomes less dense, causing lower pressure.
– Location: Earth’s main pressure zones such as equatorial low pressure zones, subtropical high pressure zones, subpolar low pressure zones and polar high pressure zones affect pressure at different latitudes.
4: Explain the different types of winds and their causes, including planetary winds, seasonal winds, local winds, cyclones and anticyclones.
A: Winds are horizontal static and are divided into several types:
– Planetary winds: Also known as prevailing winds. These include the trade winds (speaking towards the equator), the western ones (speaking towards the poles), and the polar eastern ones (speaking towards the lower latitudes).
– Seasonal winds: These winds change direction seasonally, like the Indian monsoons, which bring humid air in summer and dry air in winter.
– Local winds: These winds are influenced by local temperatures and surface characteristics, such as land and sea winds or mountain and valley winds.
– Cyclones and anticyclones: Cyclones are low-pressure systems with inward-circulating winds, while anticyclones are high-pressure systems with outward-circulating winds. Both are associated with weather disturbances.
5: How do temperature, humidity, clouds and rain affect weather and climate in different parts of the world?
A: Weather and climate are influenced by several factors:
Temperature: solar energy, latitude, altitude and proximity to oceans affect temperature. Equatorial regions are hot, while polar regions are cold.
Humidity: The amount of water vapor in the air, measured as absolute or relative humidity, affects the formation of rain and clouds.
Clouds: Different types of clouds such as stratus, cumulus, cumulus and nimbus can indicate weather conditions, some of which are related to rain.
Precipitation: Precipitation types include convective (caused by heating and rising air), orographic (caused by mountains), and cyclonic (associated with low pressure systems). The distribution of precipitation affects climate change worldwide.