What is Genetics
It is one of the broad term which is a branch of biology that basically contain two terms such as heredity and variation. Genetics can be defined as a study of genes, alleles are collectively called as genetics. Heredity is one of the major topic included in genetics, it can be termed as the characters which are passing from one generation to another is called as heredity. The characters which transmit from parents to their off springs is called as heredity. The second major term included in genetics is variation. Variation can be termed as the difference which are present among parents and their off springs are called as variations. One of the scientist Gregor John Mendel he had done a major contribution in genetics therefore he called as father of genetics.
Gregor John Mendel gave various terminologies in genetics such as character, trait, factor, allele, locus, genotype and phenotype.
Character: These are the observation which any one can observe externally is called as character. For example: color, height etc.
Trait: Trait can be defined as the expression of a particular character or detailed information of character is called as trait. For example: Height is a character but tall height or dwarf height is it’s trait. Color is a character but black or purple color is a trait.
Gene: Gene was earlier called as factor. Johnson coined the term gene. It is used for expression of character. If one charact is expressed then one gene is responsible for that character.
Allele: Allele is one of the small term. It is alternative form of any gene or factor. One gene contains 2 copies if it is diploid or 3 copies if it is triploid. These two copies of gene are called as alleles.
Locus: Locus is one of the location or indicates the position of a gene which is present on chromosome.
Genotype: The internal makeup of the genes is called as genotype.
Phenotype: The external appearance or structure is called as phenotype.
Also See: Important MCQ on Protozoa