West Bengal Class 8 English Medium History Solution Chapter 3 Establishing the Colonial Authority
In this Page we have given West Bengal Class 8 English Medium History Solution Chapter 3 Establishing the Colonial Authority Question and Answer for our Students of West bengal Class 8 English Medium. Hope this following Question Answer will help our Students.
1.) Find the odd one out
a.) Bombay,Madras,Calcutta, Bengal.
Ans: Bengal
b.) Clive,Hastings,Dupleix, Cornwallis.
Ans: Dupleix
c.) Bengal,Bihar,Sind, Orissa.
Ans: Sind
d.) David Hare,William Carey,Jonathan Duncan,William Pitt.
Ans: Jonathan Duncan
2.) Pick the wrong statement:
a.) Bengal Presidency was known as Fort St. George Presidency.
b.) Benaras Sanskrit Collegewas establishedby Jonathan Duncan.
c.) William Carey was amemberof Srirampore Missionary Society.
d.) The Company started the Ijaradari system for ten yearrevenue collection.
Ans: c. William Carey was amemberof Srirampore Missionary Society.
3.) Answer briefly (30-40 words):
a.) What was the British Presidency system?
Ans: The English East India Company was a mercantile organisation. It established certain trading posts in the Indian subcontinent to realize their business interests which included Madras, Bombay and Calcutta. These three places combined to form the British Presidency system
b.) What role did Lord Cornwallis play to organise the Company formulated law system?
Ans: In 1793′ Lord Cornwallis compiled a code of laws. Diwani trials and revenue collection were separated. From the districtsto the main, the judicial system re-modelled. One could appeal to a higher court against a judgement passed by the lower court. The Chief Justice in each court were Europeans.
c.) What was the Company’s Sipahi Bahini?
Ans: In north India, the peasants were included in the military, who were kept separate from common people.They were called ‘sipahi bahini.’
- What role did James Rennell play inthe Company’s land survey?
Ans: The waterways of Bengal surveyed in 1764 by James Rennell. The British appointed him as the head of land survey department. He made 16 maps of the waterways in Bengal, which was for the first time.
4.) Write in your own words (120-160 words):
a.) Compare the administrative reforms of Warren Hastingsand Lord Cornwallis. What were the effects of these reforms on the Indians?
Ans: During the time of Hastings’ rule the Company started a new judicial system.A Diwani (civil)and aFaujdari (criminal) court were established inevery district. The Mughal influence was yet persisting. But the Europeans presided over the Dewani courts.Brahmin pundits andMuslimmoulavis were engaged explain the native laws.A Kaziand a Mufti were appointed at the Faujdari court, but the reins remained in the European hands.
Lord Cornwallis compiled a code of laws. Diwani trials and revenue collection were separated. From the districtsto the main, the judicialsystem re-modelled. One could appeal to a higher court against a judgement passed by the lower court. The Chief Justice in each court were Europeans.
b.) What was the direct connection between the expansion of company’s authority increasing strength ofmilitary forces? Give reasons for your answer.
Ans:
c.) What role did the bureaucracy play in British administrative system? How did bureaucrats organise asa narrow interest group?
Ans: In order to make the British administration in India corrupt free and efficient Cornwallis introduced theCivil service bureaucratise to the Company’s servants. He believed inadequate salary of the employees of the Company forced them to compromise with honesty and skill. So Cornwallis issued law prohibiting officials of Company administration to accept gifts or practice private trade. Besides, he introduced the system of promotion of the civil servants on the basis of their seniority and increased the salary of the employees.
A training system started in Haileybury. All the candidates had to enroll at Haileybury. A single training college created a sense of unity among the Civil Servants. Theystarted considering themselves as a separate lobby. This unity among them and their selfish group interests helped to organise asa narrow interest group.
d.) What difference existed between the Company’s education policy with regard to and Bombay? What effect do you think the Company’s education policy had on society?
Ans: Bombay Presidency, from the beginning the emphasis was on imparting Western education through Indian languages. The British administrators considered only Bombay to have made a demand for English education. They felt that elsewhere, education should be impartedthrough Indian languages. Around 1853, many a school Bombay Presidency ta in the vernacular.
The education policy of the colonial administration had certain important principles. The aim was to educate a few people from society and attach them to the colonial structure. Due to lack of proper training and hands –on activities, education was confined to bookish knowledge. The indiscriminate support that Western education enjoyed, led to the decline of traditional Indian education. The colonial education policy neglected women’s education in the beginning.
In case You have missed: Chapter 2 Rise of Regional Powers Solution
e.) What was the relation between Company rule and land survey? What was the reason for starting and abolishing of Ijaradari system?
Ans: After the Battle of Plassey in 1757, the British got zamindari of of 24 parghanas from Calcutta to Kulpi. In 1760, Frankland started survey of 24 parghanas. The waterways of Bengal was surveyed in 1764 by James Rennel, who was appointed as the head of the land survey dept. Rennel made 16 maps of the waterways for Bengal for the first time. After obtaining Diwani rights of Bengal after Buxar, the Company became active in land survey and revenue collection. In 1770 the Comptrolling Council of Revenue Committee), was formed at Murshidabad. There was a separate committee called the Committee of Revenue. In 1786, the Committee of Revenue was re organised as the Board of Revenue.
The reason why Ijaradari system was started because according to the system, the land would be handed over to those who would promise the maximum revenue during the bidding process. The Ijaradari system was abolished as it soon ran into problems. Many Ijaradars being from outside village society, could not fix the proper revenue rate. In many cases the revenue fixed was higher than the revenue collected.
5.) Imagine and write (200 words):
a.) Suppose you are a Company sipahi. Write a letter to your friend about your work atmosphere.
Ans:
P-24 Amrabad,
Hazra gully,
Kolkata 700234
24th October, 1821
Dear Divyan,
You must be aware of the decline of law of order during the famine of 1770. The Mughal police system needed to be reorganized after that. English magistrates were brought in place of the Faujdars after 1781 A.D.
Actually, Cornwallis had established thanas in the districts for their supervision. A daroga had been in charge of each thana. The thanas were then controlled by the magistrates. To the common people of the region, the darogas were the symbol of Company power andauthority.However, the darogaskept good relationswith the local zamindars. Thus the common people suffered from the double torture of the Zamindar and the darogas. The daroga system is now permanently abolished in. Village supervision is handed over to the Collector. So, once more revenue collection and protection went intothehands ofa singleperson. I don’t like the way of revenue collection and brutal policing practiced by the tax-collectors.
I hope soon the such reforms are made which emphasis on the village people and common people too. Please take care of yourself and your family.
With regards,
Aryaman
b.) Suppose you area citizen of Calcutta in the first half of thenineteenth century. Write a conversation between twoeducated Indians during the establishment ofand Bethune school.
Ans:
Mehtab: Did you know people who knew Persian ad other Indian languages were appointed in the revenue departin the revenue department.
Saahil: Yes, that was way back during the 1790s. Tell me another thing, did different members of the Srirampore Mission teach at Fort William College?
Mehtab: Yes, moreover after 1801, many local pandits were appointed in the college as well.
Saahil: Oh yes! That’s what my dad says. He was from the Fort William College.
Mehtab: Well, I look upto the Sanskrit College as it focuses more on imparting western education.
Saahil: I still don’t know why Rammohan opposed the Sanskrit college.
Mehtab: I heard he opposed the spread of Sanskrit education more than Sanskrit College.
Saahil: I don’t care about the past anymore. Now, in 1844, and in these times I need to know English to get a government job.
Mehtab: Oh don’t get me started on this one. I still remember when my father said that the british had passed a proposal in 1839 to put more emphasis on the English education. I wonder what jobs people might get who doesn’t know English.
Saahil: Let’s not go there and think about how prepared we are to give the government exam and get selected.
Mehtab: Oh yes, I totally forgot the exam we have to give in the coming two months. Good Luck!
Saahil: Best of Luck!