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Class – 7
Chapter 4
The Mughals (16th to 17th Century)
(F.M. 30)
SECTION -A
Q1.) Write True or False: (1X5=5)
i.) The Mughals controlled the entire subcontinent.
ii.) The Mughals were successor of Timur.
iii.) The mother of Shah Jahan was a Rathore princess.
iv.) )The people who did not join the Mughal service were called Mansabdars.
v.) In Akbar’s reign,all jagirs were carefully assessed.
Q2. Fill in the blanks: – (1X5=5)
i.)_____ was ruler of Iran,Iraq and modern-day Turkey.
ii.)____ was the first Mughal emperor.
iii.) __________ refused to accept the Mughals authority.
iv.) _____ was Akbar’s revenue minister.
v.) Abu Fazl wrote _____, history of Akbar’s reign.
SECTION – B
Q3. Very Short Answer Type Questions: – (1X6=6)
i.) Who was Nur Jahan?
ii.) Who were Mansabdars?
iii.) Define ‘Zat’,’Zabt’.
iv.) What are Jagirs?
v.) What is ‘Ain- i Akbari?
vi.) What is the meaning of primogeniture?
SECTION -C
Q4. Short Answer Type Questions: – (2X3=6)
i.) What were the main source of revenue of the Mughals?
ii.) Write about the Mughals?
iii.) Write few lines about the Rajputs.
SECTION: D
Q5 Long Answer Type Questions: – (2X2=4)
i.) Discuss the role of Zamindars in the Mughal administration.
ii.) What is ‘Sulh-i Kul’? Who introduced it?
SECTION: E
Q 6.Read the passage and answer the following questions: (1X4=4)
The administrative and military efficiency of the Mughal Empire led to great economic and commercial prosperity. International travellers described it as the fabled land of wealth. But these same visitors were also appalled at the state of poverty that existed side by side with the greatest opulence. The inequalities were glaring. Documents from the twentieth year of Shah Jahan’s reign inform us that the highest-ranking mansabdars were only 445 in number out of a total of 8,000. This small number – a mere 5.6 per cent of the total number of mansabdars – received 61.5 per cent of the total estimated revenue of the empire as salaries for themselves and their troopers. The Mughal emperors and their mansabdars spent a great deal of their income on salaries and goods. This expenditure benefited the artisans and peasantry who supplied them with goods and produce. But the scale of revenue collection left very little for investment in the hands of the primary producers – the peasant and the artisan. The poorest amongst them lived from hand to mouth and they could hardly consider investing in additional resources – tools and suppliesto increase productivity. The wealthier peasantry and artisanal groups, the merchants and bankers profited in this economic world.
i.) What was the benefit of the administrative and military efficiency of the Mughal empire?
ii.) What was the report of the travellers that visited the empire?
iii.) Give an account of document written during Shah Jahan’s reign?
iv.) Who benefitted most from the Mughal emperors and mansabdars?Which group of people suffered most?
Answer Sheet:
SECTION -A
Q1.) Write True or False:
i.) True
ii.) True
iii.) True
iv.) False
v.) True
Q2.) Fill in the blanks:
i.) Timur
ii.) Babur
iii.) The SisodiyaRajputs of Mewar
iv.) Todar Mal
v) Akbar Nama
SECTION – B
Q3.) Very Short Answer Type Questions:
i.) The wife of Emperor Jahangir, Mehrunnisa got married to the emperor in 1611 and was given the title‘Nur Jahan’.
ii.) With the expansion of the empire the Mughals recruited many people from various groups like the Iranians, Turkish, Afghans, Rajputs and those people who engaged themselves to the services of the Mughal empire were referred as Mansabdars.
iii.) Zat-The rank and the salary of the Mansabdars were fixed by a type of numerical value called ‘Zat’.
Zabt- Under Akbar’s rule, each province was divided into a fixed revenue pattern which has its own rates of revenue collection for different crops. This type of revenue system was called as ‘Zabt’.
iv.) Under the Mughal empire,the Mansabdars earned their salaries as revenue assignments known as ‘Jagirs’.
v.) Abu Fazl wrote three volumes of ‘Akbar Nama’ and ‘Ain-i Akbari’ is the third volume which dealt with Akbar’s administration, household, army, revenues and the extent of his empire.
vi.) Primogeniture meant that the eldest son inherited his father’s estate even if he was not a worthy successor. This was the common system of inheritance in early kingdoms.
SECTION -C
Q4. Short Answer Type Questions: –
i.) The main source of revenue or income of the Mughals was the produce collected from the peasants. The peasants paid the taxes which was collected by the local lords who were called as Zamindars. Todar Mal, the revenue minister of Akbar fixed the rate of tax of different crops after carefully surveyingthe land. The whole kingdom was divided into provinces and each province had a separate revenue pattern.
ii.) The Mughals were descendants of two different powerful rulers. They were related to Genghis Khan, the Mongol ruler from their mother’s side.The Mughals were also successor of Timur, king of Iran, Iraq and modern-day Turkey. The Mughals did not approve to be called as ‘Mughal or Mongol’ but preferred their Timurid ancestry. They ruled over the subcontinent from 16th century to 17th century.
iii.) Rajputs were a powerful clan and were ruling a big part of western India when the Mughals started expanding their reign. The Mughals attacked regularly all those kings who did not accept their authority and slowly many rulers had to join them. Many Rajputs kings married their daughters into Mughal families and gained important positions from the Mughals. For example:King Bharmal of Amber married his daughter Jodha Bai to Mughal emperor Akbar. Some Rajput kings resisted the authority of the Mughals like the SisodiyaRajputs of Mewar.
SECTION: D
Q5 Long Answer Type Questions:
i.) The Zamindars, as the term used by the Mughals were powerful and rich local landlords who controlled the peasants and their lands. The peasants paid their taxes to the Mughal kings through the local chieftains. The zamindars were very powerful and wealthy, theyacted as the link between the emperor and the peasants. They controlled the flow of taxes that was claimed by the Mughal rulers.Some Zamindars and peasants who belonged to same caste also fought against the atrocities of Mughal empires. These types of revolts occurred from the end of seventeenth century.
ii.) The ideology of ‘Sulh-i Kul’ was a religious idea brought into existence by emperor Akbar. Emperor Akbar believed that there should not be any type of discrimination among people on the basis of religion and everyone should be treated with respect and tolerance. The idea of ‘Sulh-i Kul’ was based on this idea of tolerance under which no one under Akbar’s reign was discriminated due to their difference in religious belief.The idea was based on honesty, peace, justice and tolerance which was followed by everyone.
SECTION: E
Q 6.Read the passage and answer the following questions
i.) The Mughal empire prospered enormously due to the able administration and powerful military. The wealth increasedand resulted in economic prosperity.
ii.) The travelers who visited the empire reported that they saw both prosperity and poverty side by side in the empire.
iii.) The document written by some traveler during Shah Jahan’s reign reports that there were only 445 high -ranking mansabdars out of total 8000 and this small number of mansabdars received about 61.5% of the total revenue collected which made them immensely wealthy and powerful.
iv.) The artisans and peasantry who supplied goods and purchases to the emperors and mansabdars benefitted most. The peasants and the artisans who were engaged in agriculture and other production were not in good condition as they did not get much share of the revenue collected.