Telangana SCERT Class 9 Social Studies Chapter 7 Solution – Industries in India. Here on this post we have provided Class 9 Social Studies Industries in India Telangana State Board Solution. Telangana State Board English Class IX Medium Students can download this Solution to Solve out Improve Your Learning Questions and Answers.
Telangana State Board Class 9 Social Studies Chapter 7 Industries in India Solution:
1.) Why did the government take up theresponsibility to set up basic goods industries?
Ans: Industries are an essential part of a nation’s development. India’s main industrial activity for a long time was handicrafts, particularly textile goods. Under the colonial rule, barring a few industries, India could not develop a sound industrial base. It did not have the capacity to produce a wide range of goods. Most industrial products had to be imported. The general policy of British government was not to develop modern industry in India but to ensure that India provided a market for British goods. This led to the destruction of India’s traditional craft industries and massive unemployment of craft persons. After 1947, India began many initiatives to promote industrial activities in the country. One important driving force behind this idea was to become self sufficient in meeting our needs and to make the country an industrially developed nation.
For factories, you need machines. A modern factory manufacturing cloth, for instance, would use loom that runs on electricity as compared to hand looms. These looms produce a large quantity of cloth in a short time. Similarly, there are complex machines that produce cement, cars, edible oils etc. To run these machines, all factories require a source of power which is usually electricity. Hence, factories require machines and electricity to run them. Further, all factories need raw materials from which goods can be produced. For example, steel is required to produce cycles. There are some factories which produce steel sheets from iron and coal. Other factories use these sheets to manufacture steel tubes. Finally, the cycle factory uses these steel tubes to manufacture the steel frame for the cycle. Note that the basic sources of steel are raw materials like iron and coal. As in the above example, minerals and ores form the basic source from which various raw materials required by factories are produced. A large number of goods are produced by factories that are used by other factories. These are intermediate steps in the chain of production by many factories before we can get final goods that are directly used by people/ consumers/ producers.
2.) Why are industries located in specific areas?
Ans: Industrial locations are complex in nature. These are influenced by availability of raw material, labour, capital, power and market etc. It is rarely possible to find all these factors available at one place. Consequently, manufacturing activity tends to be located at the most appropriate place where all the factors of industrial location are either available or can be arranged at lower cost. After an industrial activity starts, urbanisation follows. Sometimes, industries are located in or near the cities. Thus, industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand. Cities provide markets as well as services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice etc. to the industry. Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres known as agglomeration economies. Gradually, a large industrial agglomeration takes place. In the pre-independence period, most manufacturing units were located in cities from the point of view of overseas trade such as Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai etc. Consequently, there emerged certain pockets of industrially developed urban centres surrounded by a huge agricultural rural hinterland.
3.) What are the basic goods industries? How are they different from consumer goodsindustries?
Ans: Factories producing these essential goods – machines, electricity, minerals and ores, and transport facilities – are basic goods industries. Basic goods industries produce essential goods that can form a base to support a large variety of factories.
Industries that produce basic commodities generally concentrate on the extraction and processing of raw materials from nature, are called basic goods industries. Their primary goal is to supply raw materials to other businesses, such as the consumer goods sector. Contrarily, the manufacturing and production of completed goods for individual or household consumption is the main focus of the consumer goods industries.
4.) Give a list of towns / areas in which some conventional mineral resources are foundand identify the possible industries which can be set up.
Ans:
Sl. No |
Minerals/ resources | Towns/ areas where they are found |
List the kind of industries that can be set up there. |
1 | Iron ore | Karnataka, Maharashtra, Chattisgarh | Iron and Steel Industry |
2 | Coal | West Bengal, Telangana, Jharkhand | Iron and Steel Industry |
3 | Jute | West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha | Jute industry |
4 | Crude oil | Gujarat | Types of chemical industries |
5 | Natural Gas | Maharashtra | Fertilizer industries |
6 | Forests | Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Telangana | Furniture industries |
7 | Manganese | Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh | Iron and Steel Industry, Types of chemical industries |
8 | Bauxite | Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand | Auto mobile industries |
5.) Why did the government in 1990s allow private industries in many areas which were earlier restricted only to government?
Ans: The country started improving its industrial policy in the 1990s. India has unveiled a brand-new industrial policy. Numerous activities that were previously exclusive to the government were now available to the private sector.Additionally, the government reduced regulations to allow for the importation of manufactured consumer items from other nations. In order to promote industrial operations in India, particularly for new business owners, many government regulations were eased.
The government sold several of these public sector businesses to increase their efficiency and effectiveness. Government funding support for these businesses had additionally been reduced back. Additionally, these businesses are permitted to make decisions on their own without interference from the government.
Now, private or public businesses from other nations are urged to establish factories in India so that new technology would become widespread and more goods may be exported to markets outside the nation.
6.) What is the impact of industrial development on employment generation and on revenue?
Ans: There has been a rise in the number of industrial units due to the industrialisation policies. Employment has increased but less than expected and of low paying quality. Today, nearly 2 lakh large factories, also called organised manufacturing units, and nearly 3 crore small (also called unorganised) manufacturing units are operating in India. These industrial units, both large and small, employ nearly about one-fifth of India’s 460 million workers today. The goal of industrial policies in India was to generate employment opportunities in industrial activities. Raising the proportion of people employed in factories is also generally seen as an important indicator of economic development of a country. Many laws were enacted in India to streamline industries so that they provide better salary to workers, provide safety to workers at the workplace and ensure health and medical benefits. It was envisaged that more and more industries would get established and most workers would earn better incomes in due course. This did not happen in India. Even after seven decades of Indian Independence, the share of employment in industrial sector has not gone up as much as expected. A large section of workers without having required skills and training are employed in small industrial units which generally pay a very low salary and are devoid of safe working conditions and health benefits.
7.) ‘Industrial activities increase environmental problems.’ Discuss.
Ans: The production process in industries involves the use of electricity and application of different chemicals. In the course of production, these industries release a lot of other materials. These residual materials are causing pollution in the industrial locations.
8.) Write a few slogans on the prevention of environmental pollution.
Ans: “Be The Solution, Stop Pollution”
“Cleaner Air And Water, Brings Cleaner Tomorrow”
“Reduce, Reuse, RecyleAnd Free From Chemical”
9.) Read the paragraph 3 on page 83 and comment on it.
Ans: The electronics industries sector produces a wide range of items, including transistor television sets, telephones, cellular phones, pagers, phone exchanges, radars, computers, and a host of other telecommunications industry-related equipment.
India’s electronic capital has emerged as Bangalore. Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow, and Coimbatore are additional significant locations for the purchase of electronic goods. Software professionals have access to high-speed data transmission facilities and a single point of contact at software technology parks.The creation of jobs has been one of this industry’s significant effects.
Up until March 31st of this year, the IT sector employed close to 3.8 million people. In the following three to four years, it is anticipated that this number will rise by an average of roughly one lakh annually. The fact that women make up 30% of the workforce in this industry is positive. Due to the rapidly expanding Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sector, this industry has been a significant foreign exchange earner over the last two to three years. The prosperity of the Indian IT sector depends on the expansion of the hardware and software businesses.
10.) Observe the map given on page 95 and locate the iron and steel plants in the outline.
Ans: Jamshedpur – Jharkhand
Durgapur – West Bengal
Riurkella – Orissa
Bhilai – Chattisgarh
Salem – Tamil Nadu
Vijayanagar – Karnataka
Bhadravati – Karnataka