Telangana SCERT Class 9 Social Studies Chapter 5 Solution – Biosphere. Here on this post we have provided Class 9 Social Studies Biosphere Telangana State Board Solution. Telangana State Board English Class IX Medium Students can download this Solution to Solve out Improve Your Learning Questions and Answers.
Telangana State Board Class 9 Social Studies Chapter 5 Biosphere Solution:
1.) Life itself constitutes a seperate sphere called ‘Biosphere’.
Explain.
Ans: The Earth is a unique planet, in that it has life thriving on it. It is inhabited by countless forms of life from microscopic bacteria to great banyan trees and animals like elephants, tigers, blue whales and, of course, human beings. The fact that the earth has a combination of land, air and water and a moderate temperature due to a moderate distance from the Sun, has made life possible on it. We saw in an earlier chapter that life thrives only in the intersection of the three spheres – lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere. According to many geographers, life itself constitutes a separate sphere called ‘biosphere’. All forms of life have an integral connection with the land, air, water and sunshine around them. They draw their sustenance from them and, in turn, affect them in significant ways.
2.) Why is ecological crisis occured in modern times? Whatare its effects?
Ans: The primary food producers are plants which produce food with the help of sunlight. The plants themselves draw their vital nutrients from the soil, especially from organic compounds formed due to decay of other plants and animals. They also depend upon nitrogen stored in the soil by bacteria. The food produced by the plants is eaten by plant eating animals, usually called ‘herbivores’, like deer, cattle, goats, elephants etc. Other animals like dogs, cats, fishes, birds, tigers etc. eat the flesh of herbivorous animals and, in this way, are indirectly dependent upon plants. Bacteria and fungi help in decomposition of dead trees and animals and breaking them down into organic compounds which the plants draw upon for their growth. Thus, the cycle of life goes on. Any disturbance in this cycle can create what is called an ‘ecological crisis’. For example, if a particular species which feeds upon a particular kind of plant is exterminated, it would result in unchecked growth of that plant. It may grow somuch that it may intrude into the area where other plants grow and disturb their growth.
Another example of disturbance is mixing of poisonous substances into air, water or soil. Many industries use chemicals and metals which flow into the streams and rivers. This leads to an increase in the level of such chemicals in the water. These chemicals and metals like mercury are consumed by microorganisms in water, and in turn, become the food of a large number of fishes. When human beings consume these fishes, they too absorb some amount of mercury which is detrimental to their health.
3.) Write about the different kinds of forests and climatic conditions of their existence?
Ans: There are different kinds of forest depending on the climatic condition:-
a.) Tropical Evergreen Forests – These forests are also called tropical rainforests. These thick forests are found in the regions near the equator and close to the tropics. These regions are hot and receive heavy rainfall throughout the year. As there is no particular dry season, the trees do not shed their leaves altogether. This is the reason they are called evergreen.
b.) Tropical Deciduous Forests – Tropical deciduous are the monsoon forests found in large parts of India, northern Australia and in central America. These regions experience seasonal changes. Trees shed their leaves in the dry season to conserve water. The hard wood trees found in these forests are sal, teak, neem and shisham.
c.) Temperate Evergreen Forests – These are located in the mid latitudinal coastal region. They are commonly found along the eastern margin of the continents, for example, in South East USA, South China and in South East Brazil. They comprise of both hard and soft wood trees like oak, pine, eucalyptus.
d.) Temperate Deciduous Forests – As we go towards higher latitudes, there are more temperate deciduous forests. These are found in the North Eastern part of USA, China, New Zealand, Chile as well as in the coastal regions of Western Europe. They shed their leaves in the dry season. The common trees are oak, ash, beech, birch etc.
e.) Coniferous Forests – In the higher latitudes (50° – 70°) of the Northern hemisphere, the spectacular Coniferous forests are found. These are also called as Taiga. These forests are also seen in the higher altitudes. These trees are found in the Himalayas in abundance. They are tall, softwood, evergreen trees. These woods are very useful for making pulp, which is used for manufacturing paper and newsprint. Match boxes and packing boxes are also made from softwood. Chir, pine, cedar are the important trees in these forests.
4.) How can we protect natural resources?
Ans: Ways to protect natural resources:
a.) Promoting plantation of trees and plants.
b.) Reducing deforestation and engaging in afforestation.
c.) Reducing carbon emissions from transportation vehicles.
d.) Using forest manure which is more effective and not harmful to the soil in replacement with harmful insecticide, pesticides, etc.
e.) Practicing the concept of conservation of water by means of proper irrigation, rainwater harvesting, etc.
5.) Read the chapter and fill up the table
S. No. | Type of forest | Spread across the countries | Trees grown | Animals |
1. | Tropical Evergreen Forests | regions near the equator and close to the tropics | Hard wood trees like rosewood, ebony, mahogany | – |
2. | Tropical Deciduous Forests | India, northern Australia, Central America | Seesham, sal, teak, neem | Tigers, lions, elephants, langoors and monkeys |
3. | Temperate Evergreen Forests | South East USA, South China and in South East Brazil | oak, pine, eucalyptus | – |
4. | Temperate Deciduous Forests | North Eastern part of USA, China, New Zealand, Chile as well as in the coastal regions of Western Europe | oak, ash, beech, birch etc | Deer, foxes, wolves. Birds like pheasants, monals are also found here. |
5. | Coniferous Forests | Himalayas | Chir, pine, cedar | Silver fox, mink, polar bear |
6.) Locate the following countries in the world map.
a) New Zealand b) Brazil c) Australia d) North America e) China f) India
Ans:
7.) Read the paragraph under the title ‘In addition to …… and soil’ on page 57 and comment on it.
Ans: The vast majority of the energy used by contemporary businesses and transportation systems comes from coal and petroleum, which are referred to as “fossil fuels” because they are the leftovers of ancient forests that were buried thousands of years ago. Fossil fuel combustion produces significant amounts of carbon dioxide as well as other chemical gases such nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, volatile organic compounds, and heavy metals.
Additionally, they release nitric, carbonic, and sulphuric acids, which are what are referred to as “acid rains.” Acid rains are brought on by the mixing of atmospheric acidic particles with the rain, which raises the amount of acid in the precipitation.
Along with the burning of fossil fuels, contemporary businesses also produce vast quantities of solid, liquid, and gaseous waste that pollutes the air, water (including surface water from rivers and subsurface water from wells), and soil.The cumulative impact of such pollution is gradual poisoning of our environment. One important impact is the change in worldwide climate also known as ‘global warming’.