Telangana SCERT Solution Class VIII (8) Social Studies Chapter 1 Reading and Analysis of Maps.
2.) Do you think the use of maps has changed from the time of ancient Greeks to now? In what way are they similar and different?
Answer
Yes the maps have changed from the time of ancient Greeks to now.
In ancient Greece | At present | |
Similarities | In ancient Greece locating places on maps were made accurate with the help of longitudes and latitudes.They tried to find out a set of places where the midday occurred at the same time | At present locating places on maps are made with the help of longitudes and latitudes and are accurate due to help of modern invention. |
Differences | Maps were basically designed as the Greek wanted to conquer the world, build colonies in far off places and trade with them. | Maps at present are used extensively for a variety of purposes: for trade, sailing, for conquests and colonising and for fighting war and also for planning, development of countries. |
3.) Many people believe that the making of maps by the Colonial powers was a more powerful tool for exploitation and control of the colonies than guns. Do you agree? Why?
Answer
Yes I agree Maps were more powerful tool for exploitation and control of the colonies than guns because when European powers colonised the continents they needed to know about the places, their climate, crops, mineral resources and the people living there. They sent team of scientific expeditions consisting of Map makers and others to explore the different interior parts of the continents and prepare map. This information and the maps enabled the colonial powers to establish their rule over these areas and also exploit their resources.
4.) In what ways were the maps prepared by the British different from the one made by Ptolemy?
Answer
The differences are:
British maps | Maps of Ptolemy |
British maps were prepared based on Ptolemy. | Ptolemy was one of the most famous geographers of the ancient world who prepared maps based on longitudes and latitudes. |
Maps were prepared to establish their rule over the areas and also to exploit the resources | Maps were prepared for their kings and their interests. |
This maps give accurate information about continents and also there interior places. | They also give more correct information about places but they did not know about the interior places. |
This maps are relevant to present day maps. | This maps showed their continents in the centre of the earth. |
5.) Read the paragraph “Use of maps in our times” on page 8 and answer the following question: What are the various purposes for which maps are used in our times?
Answer
Maps were made and used for a variety of purposes:
- For sailing and trading
- For conquests colonising and for fighting wars.
- For planning &development of countries. Maps identify the problems faced by a region and its resources.
For example, we can make a map of regions which have very little drinking and which has Plenty drinking water. We can compare this map based on this comparison we can decide what is the best way to make drinking water available to all the people of the region – by building dams or making tanks or bringing water from distant places in large pipes.
- For planning agricultural development, setting up new industries, building roads, hospitals and schools with the help of maps.
- Companies use it to plan their business and work which they want to spread to different region.
6.) Prepare a few questions to find out more about different types of maps.
Answer
(i)- What are different kinds of maps?
(ii)- What are road maps?
(iii)- What are political maps?
(iv)- Which kind of maps show information about the population of an area?
(v)- Which kind of maps show information about the climate of an area?
(vi)- What are thematic maps?
Additional Question and Answer:
1.) Why a map is used ?
A map is used by geographers to show features and information that is considerd importentabout a place ,distribution of rainfall,soil types,population,language spoken by people crops grown markets school etc.
2.) what is a map ?
A map is actually a model of a place giving those features that the map makers considers to be of importence.
3.) where india is located ?
India that is bharotbarsha was located on one of the island called jombudipa .
4.) who prepared Asian map ?
Asian map makers prepared a map in jounpur in the seventeenth century by sadiq isphahani .
5.) what did sadique ?
Sadique used to determine location of places in his map .
6.) when did map making started ?
By the end of the mughal period,when the britsh began mapping India we learn of a wide variety of maps in use .
7.) who made map first ?
Maps have a long history behind them .some of the earliest surving maps were made by sumerians about four thousand year ago .
8.) who made some of the earliest world maps ?
Babylonians made some of the earliest world maps .
9.) what did the Babilonians imagined about a map ?
The Babylonians imagiad the world as a round disc which had all the cities in the inner circle and villeges ,rivers,marshes and mountains in the small circle .
10.) who were the Greek geographers ?
The Greek civilisationhad produced a number of geographers,among them were the Anaximander,Miletus,Herodotus .
11.) What is the place ofArabia in the Map of Al idrisi ?
The place of Arabia is drawn prominently at the center of map drawn by Al idrisi .
12.) who influenced European map makers ?
The European map makers were influenced by the religious idea of Bible .
13.) why Asian map was considerd as the most important in map ?
Asian map was considerd largest and most important as it had Jerusalem which was the birth place of jesus Christ.
14.) why European map makerswere stunned by ptolemys book ?
Ans.Around common era 1480 european map makers rediscovered ptolemys books and were stunned to learn about his accurate description of location of places in his book .
15.) What did the Babyloneans write ?
The Babyloneans who belived that theearth was a round disc surroundedby ocean water,tavelled
Widelyand wrote down descriptions of land and peopleand their histories as they saw or heard about .
16.) what was the idea about map by Greeks ?
The Greeks map makers placed Greecein the middle of the map.They also divided the world into three continents,Europe,Libya, and Asia all of which were separated by the Mediterrenean sea .
17.) When did Alexander come in India?
Alexander ,a greek king who tried to conquerthe whole world and came as far as india some 2300
Years ago .
18.) Why maps were important for the Romans ?
Romans traders had established trading centers on Indian coasts to which they came by ships so maps were useful and necessary for them .
19.) How did the Greeks made accurate map ?
Ans.The Greeks tried to make the maps accurate with the help of longitude.
20.) Who was the famous Arab map makers ?
Ans Al idrisi prepared a world map for his king in 1154 c.e.
21.) what is the name of schools inspired by Ptolemy ?
Ans During the 15th century Ptolemy inspired a new enthusiasm in the non arabik world and some important schools the Italian school,the French school,the English school,the german school etc .
22.) Who blocked the trade route to India ?
Ans The Arab had blocked the trade route to India across the Mediterrean sea.
23.) which country begun to search for other trade routs ?
West European traders like spain,Portugal,Holland,and England,begun to search for other trade routs.
24.) who discovered America and india ?
Columbus discovered America ,and vasco d agama discovered india .
25.) which country emerged as a major trading power in the 16th century ?
Holland that is Nederland emerged as a major trading power in the the 16th century .
26.) who was the father Dutch cartography ?
Gerandus Marcator 1512-1594CE was the father of dutch cartography .
27.) why we cannot show the curvature in map?
We know that the world is like a ball,but when we draw it on paper we cannot show the curvature and have to show it as flat.this inevility causes some distortion either the shape of the continents
And distances will get distorted or objects will get placed in the wrong direction .
28.) why the sailors needed map ?
The sailors needed maps because the sailors needed current distottion and shapes so that they could identified the landmarks .
29.) what is Marcators projection ?
Marcators devised a method for showing the correct shapes and direction of continents but with distotortion of sizes and distances .this method called Marcators projection is still used to show the world .
30.) why the colonial power needed map ?
European powers colonised the entire continents like North and south Americas,Afrika Australia and Asia.They needed to know about the places their climate ,crops,mineral resourses and the people living there .They sent scientific expedition consistingof Mapmakers and others to explorethe different parts of the world and prepared maps .
31.) why the British prepared maps ?
When the British established their power in india,they begun making detailed maps of the interior of the country .they established a department called survey of India to survey the entire country and prepare maps .
32.) who was the surveyor general of india appointed by the British ?
The British appointed James Renal as the survey or general of India and he prepared one of the first survey maps of India .
33.) who begun one of the most important geographical surveys of the world ?
In 1802 c.e William Lambstone begun one of the most important geographical surveys of the world starting from Chennai in the south and culminating in the Himalayas to determine the length of a latitude and also the heights of various places .
33.) who measured the height of mt everest ?
Sir George Everest measured the height of Mt everest .
34.) which colour is used in map to show forest ,cropped area,mountains,and waste land ?
Dark green is used for forest ,yellow is for cropped area dark grey for mountains and light Red for wasteland .
35.) what can be represented by dot method ?
Quantitave data can be measured by dot method .
36.) How population can be shown on a map ?
Ans population can be shown on a map through shading .these are called population density map .
37.) what is population density map ?
To make a population density map we need the total number of people living in an area .then we measure the total area of that place and divide the total number of people by the area .for example if the area of a village is ten square kmand one thousand people living in it the population density
Of the village is hundred per square km.
38.) why Maps are made ?
Maps are made and used for various purpose,for trade ,sailing, conquest for colonising ,and for fighiting,wars,for planning,and development of countries .
39.) what is Relief Feature ?
Relief feature means the high and low areason the surface of the earth.the main relief features are hills,valleys pleatues,plains,river basin ,rockey,and sandy places .
40.) what does countour lines give ?
Contour lines give an inclination of the slope of the land as well as the elevation above sea level .
41.) what are the components of Thematic maps ?
There are different thematic maps,.For example Relief and drainage,annual rainfall,soils, forests,and minerals etc.
42.) What is an Atlas ?
An Atlas is a collection of Maps,usually arranged according to different themes.
43.) what is Arieal photography ?
Areial photography is the Technique of taking photograph of the ground from an elevated position ,using aircrafts,Helicoptars,Hot air balloons etc.
44.) what is satellite imagery ?
Satellite imagery is the photographs of the Earth taken by artificial satellite launched into the space .
45.) why satellite imagery is necessary ?
Satellite Imagery is essential in many ways ,for map making,planning,metereology forestry ,warfare etc.
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