Telangana SCERT Class 8 Biology Chapter 3 Solution – The World of Microorganisms Part 1 and 2. Here in this post we provides Class 8 Biology The World of Microorganisms Telangana State Board Solution. Telangana State Board English Class VIII Medium Students can download this Solution to Solve out Improve Your Learning Questions and Answers.
Telanagana State Board Class 8 Biology Chapter 3 The World of Microorganisms Solution Part 1 and 2:
Part – 1
(1) Which organisms act as an interlink between living and non-living organisms? Why do you think so?
Ans: – The organism between living and non living organism is viruses. They behave like non living things when they are outside a living cell. But they behave like living organism when they are inside the host living cell, as they can’t reproduce their own but when they enter in living organisms they are able to reproduce.
So viruses are called link between living and non living organisms.
(2) Write the diseases caused by micro organisms?
Ans: – There are many diseases which are caused by micro organisms like –
HIV, Polio, AIDS, Typhoid, Tuberculosis, Septicemia, Smallpox, Anthrax, Amsebiasis, Swine Flu, Chickenpox, Common cold, Conjunctivities etc….
(3) What type of micro organisms we can observe in pond water?
Ans: – The pond water is greenish because of growth of Algae and other plants which grow in water. We can see some pf Algea like Chara, Spirohyra etc. With nacked eye, but most of the algae present in water are microscopic.
Some of the organisms that can be found in pond water include –
Arthoropods
Hydras
Photozoa etc..
(4) Whether micro-organisms are useful or harmful. Explain.
Ans: – Micro organisms are useful or harmful depends on the times. Some microorganisms which present in our digestive tract are useful in digestion. So there are different kinds of bacteria in our body which is helpful.
Some microorganisms like yeast help in making bread lactobacillus are help in converting milk into curd.
Some micro organisms are found in soil, which is very much useful for growing crops.
Microorganisms like virus are usually very harmful and many diseases occured for virus.
Including bacteria, fungi such microorganisms can make us ill.
So we can say that some micro organisms are useful and also harmful.
(5) Why the cooked food spoil soon but not uncooked food. Give your reasons.
Ans: – Raw uncooked foods have enzymes as they protecting them from environment.
But in the case of cooked food during heating all these enzymes are get destroyed and spoiled. So then the naturally bacteria are covering and give protection to these food, as they don’ get destroyed. For this reason cooked food spoil soon. Rather some ingridents which are used in the time of cooking food also caused for cooking food spoilage.
So that’s why the cooked food spoil soon but not uncooked food.
(6) What questions would you like to ask your teacher to know about different shapes of bacteria?
Ans: – Some questions are –
(i) Why the bacteria was in different shapes?
(ii) Does all bacteria causes diseases?
(iii) Is staining is necessary to all bacteria?
(iv) What is the use of different shapes bacteria?
(7) What would happen if you add buttle milk to
(a) Child milk
(b) Hot milk
(c) Luke warm milk
Ans: – Buttlemilk is mode from curd
(a) In the case of chilled milk, lactobacillus will not act properly meant it will not active, so it will not become curd, because of temperature.
(b) As we know if we added curd in milk, then it changes to curd due to the action of lactobacillus bacteria. But here the milk is hot, so no chnages will occure, it will not turn into curd, when the hot milk comed to normal room temperature then it will become curd.
(c) When lukewarm milk is added to butter milk then lukewarm water will also become curd due to the activation of lactobacillus bacteria.
(8) How are the human actions causing the death of useful bacteria and fungi? What will happen if this continues?
Ans: – Soil is highly rich in microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, etc….The top eight inches of soil of one acre area many contain as much as five and half tons of fungi and bacteria. This is very much useful for growing crops. But the human actios as they are excess use of pestisides kills these micro organisms. Such as many actions causing pollution from the industries, vehicles, garbage leads to various pollution such as water, air, sound pollution which is effective for some useful bacteria and fungi.
If it continues there will be no nitrogen fixation in the soil. So than the farmers will be forced to apply more pestisides and chemicals which can be more dangerous. IF this continues, then it may causes many diseases. So we may have to faces many problems also.
(19) Do you clean yourhands with soap before eating? Why?
Ans: – Off course yes, we must clean our hands with soap before eating.
We can clean our hands to remove dirty dust as it contains small bacteria and during eating time we can get it in our mouth and it can cause infections in our stomach so before eating we must wash our hands.
Part – 2
(1) How do vaccines works in our body?
Ans: – Vaccines protects is from getting disease over a long period of time.
When a vaccines is given containing weak and dead microorganisms our body then produces anti bodies and stores them. When the diseases causing micro organisms enter our body, the already present antibodies fight and eliminate them. And then the disease is controlled vaccines are injected to prevent diseases like smallpox, chickenpox, hapatitis, mumps, diptheria etc..
(2) What are the difference between antibiotic and vaccine?
Ans: – Antibiotic help in curing many bacteria diseases which presents already in our body.
But vaccines prevent the diseases from entering our body.
Some examples of antibiotics are – Amplocillin, Streptomycin etc..
Some examples of vaccines are – Polio, Hepatities, Mumps, Vaccines etc..
Antibiotic are produced by growing specific micro organisms like fungi bacteria.
The weakend and dead diseases causing micro organisms which are injected into our bodies are called vaccines.
(3) Invention of pencilline protected the world from deaths during First World War. Explain.
Ans: –
The discovery of penicllin – The antibiotic: – Dr Alexander Flaming was an army doctor in First World War. He was working on antibiotics in his lab.
He separated the substances released by the fungus and tested it in some other diseases causing bacteria. This substance also killed many other diseases causing bacteria. The mould or fungus separated was known as Penicillium is named as Penicillin. The discovery of the antiobiotic, penicillin was announced in 1927.
The discovery of penicillin paved the way to discovery of many antibiotics like steptomyian, enythromycin etc.
(4) Take three bowls and make as A,B,C. Our Lukewarm milk in bowl A. Hot milk in bowl B. Cold milk in bowl C. Add one tea spoon of curd or butter milk in three bowls and stir them slightly. Cover the bowls with lids. Keep the bowls undisturbed for five to six hours. In which bowl milk turned into curd? Give your reasons?
Ans: – Curd or butter milk helps to turn the milk in curd. With the help of lactobacillus when milk conversion into curd temperature must be optium. It must not be too high or too cold. If the temperature is high then the lactobacillus can’t activate so then it can’t make milk into curd. Same also in less temperature, eman when temperature is low, then lactobacillus also don’t get active.
In the case of bowl A if we add a spoon of curd it changes into curd after some period of time. If we add a spoon of curd in bowl in very hot milk, it doesn’t changes into curd and same case also happen in bowl C. Here also not changes will occure if we add a spoon of curd.
So in the condition of bowl B and C the reason is same, because here no chemical changes can’t happen. That means we can prepare the curd only with lukewarm milk.
(8) What is pasteurisation? How is it useful?
Ans: – A method of preservation is pasteurisation. This word written on some milk pockets. In this process milk is heated up to 72oc for 15 to 80 minutes and then suddenly chilled and stored.
This prevents the growth of most micro organisms.This process was discovered by Louis Pasteur. So this method is known as pasteurisation. In this process microbes are killed.
Pasteurisation is a process of partial sterilisation, thus making the product safe for consumption and improving its keeping quality.
Pasteurisation helps in milk preservation. IT helps to clean germs as they can’t survive in extreme temperature.
(9) Edward Jenner’s collect fluid from cow pox pustule and inject to a eight year old boy. Then he exposed the boy to smallpox and the boy did not get small pos. How do you appreciate the daring action of Edward Jenner?
Ans: – Edward Jenner collects fluids from a cowpox pustule and injects to the 8 years old boy then expose the boy to small pox and the body did not get smallpox.
He done this during action very risky. This invention of smallpox vaccine saved millions of people from deadly diseases.
This proved the way for the discovery of number of vaccines which prevent us from harmful diseases. So I his dareness. The fluid collected from cowpox pustule acted as a vaccine to prevent smallpox.
(10) “Prevention is better than cure” Comment.
Ans: – Cure is the process to control the diseases.
Prevention is the method to prevent the micro organisms into the body and their effects.
So prevention is better than cure, because it is better to prevent the micro organisms effects into the body then taking medicines to cure the diseases.
Hence it is better to prevent the diseases to transmission from one person to another.
(11) Raheem tells to his neighbours, “stagnation of sewage in our surroundings is harmful to our health.” Do you support this? Why?
Ans: – Yes, stagnation of sewage in our surroundings is harmful to our healths” Because many of the pathogens of the different disease spreads through the sewage. Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water, dirty sewage and thus its spreed different types of disease like Malaria, dengue etc.
(12) Jeevan said that “If there are no micro organisms earth will remain with wastes” will you agree with this statement, why?
Ans: – Yes, it’s definitely true “if there are no micro organisms earth will remain with wastes.”
Microorganisms present in the dead bodies of animals, soil, air and water act upon wastes around us and decompose they. They are converted into simple substances, so they are really important for the waste disposal. Thus microorganisms help us in cleaning the environment.
(13) Kavita is suffering from serious illness. Doctor Priscribed antibiotics for five days. After three days of usage she stopped taking antibiotics. Is it correct or not, discuss.
Ans: – No, it’s wrong because if she stops takng antiobiotics, then her illness may not be properly cured.
Doctor has prescribed to take antiobiotics for 5 days for that it can kill the bacteria completely. So if she don’t take the antiobiotic it may also led to other disease because of less dose.
(14) What are the precautions taken to eradicate malaria?
Ans: – Malaria can be eradicated by –
(1) Spraying surroundings insecticides to kill adult mosquitoes.
(2) We can control malaria’s eradicate by keeping our surrounding clean.
(3) Preventing the stagnation of water.
(4) Spraying kerosene oil on stagnation of water or on sewage water to kill the larvaes.
(5) Using mosquito nets to protect our selves from mosquito nets and also using odomos cream.
(6) Using mosquito coils to prevent mosquitoes from entering the house.
(15) One medical store owner is giving antibiotics to his customer who is suffering from fever without a doctor’s prescription? But the customer’s daughter Malathi is telling her father not to take antibiotics without doctor’s prsecription. Whom do you support and why?
Ans: – I will support to daughter because taking antiobiotics without doctor prescription is wrong because antibiotics aren’t healthy and benefited for our body. Antibiotics act against our life so continuous use of it. It can harms our health. So doses must be taken to follow the doctor’s prescription.
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