Telangana SCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter 1 Solution – India: Relief Features. Here in this post we have provided Class 10 Social Science India: Relief Features Telangana State Board Solution. Telangana State Board English Class X Medium Students can download this Solution to Solve out Improve Your Learning Questions and Answers.
Telangana State Board Class 10 Social Science Chapter 1 India: Relief Features Solution:
1.) The sun rises two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh as compared to Gujarat in the west. But the clocks show the same time. How does this happen?
Ans: It takes 4 minutes for the sun’s position to move 1° of longitude. This means that the time is different for each degree of longitude. Andhra Pradesh is located towards the east of India, and has a longitudinal distance of about 30 degrees from Gujarat, therefore sun rises 2 hours before Gujarat. To avoid confusion of time from one place to the other, 82° 30’ Eastern longitudeis taken as standard Meridian of India and serves as the Indian Standard Time(IST). That’s why the clocks show the same time.
2.) If the Himalayas weren’t situated where they are now, how would the climatic conditions of the Indian sub-continent be?
Ans: The formation of the Himalayas influences India’s climate in various ways. These act as barriers protecting the great plains of India from the cold winds of central Asia during severe winter. The Himalayas are the reason for summer rains and monsoon type of climate in regions that are beyond the Western Ghats of India. In its absence, the Indian sub-continent would have remained drier. The Himalayan Rivers have a perennial flow since these are fed by the glaciers and bring a lot of silt, making these plains very fertile.
3.) Which are the major physiographic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of the peninsular plateau.
Ans: The major physiographic divisions of Indian landmass can be divided into the following groups:
1.) The Himalayas 2.) The Indo-Gangetic Plain
3.) The Peninsular Plateau 4.) The Coastal plains
5.) The Desert 6.) The Islands
The Himalayan ranges run in the west-east direction in the form of an arch with a distance of about 2,400 kms. Their width differs from 500 kms in the western regions to 200 kms in central and eastern regions. It is broader in western region. There are also altitudinal variations across the regions. The Himalayas comprise three parallel ranges. These ranges are separated with deep valleys and extensive plateaus. The northern most range is known as Greater Himalayas or Himadri. This range is the most continuous consisting of the highest peaks with an average elevation of about 6100 mts above Mean Sea Level (MSL). Greater Himalayas are composed of snow and ice cover. Glaciers are found there. The seasonal cycles of accumulation of ice, movement and melting of glaciers are the sources of the perennial rivers.
Whereas,
The Indian plateau is also known as the peninsular plateau as it is surrounded by the sea on three sides. It is mainly composed of the old crystalline, hard igneous and metamorphic rock. Large amounts of metallic and non metallic mineral resources are found in the Indian plateau. It has broad and shallow valleys with rounded hills. The topography of the plateau is slightly tilted towards east and the Western and Eastern Ghats form the western and eastern edges respectively. The southernmost tip of the plateau is Kanyakumari. The peninsular plateau consists of two broad divisions, namely, the central high lands (Malwa plateau) and the Deccan Plateau. On the physical map of India, adjunct to and south of the Gangetic plains and north of the river Narmada, which can be identified as Central Highlands. That is bordered by the Vindhyan ranges. Prominent plateaus here are Malwa plateau on the western side and towards the east, there is the Chotanagapur plateau. In comparison to the Gangetic plains, the plateau region is dry. The rivers are not perennial. The irrigation for the second crop depends on deep tube wells and tanks. Identify rivers that flow on the Northern side of central high lands. Chotanagapur plateau is rich in mineral resources. The portion of peninsular plateau lying to the south of Narmada, a triangular landmass, is called the Deccan plateau. Satpura range forms the Deccan plateau’s north edge while the Mahadev, the Kaimur range and a portion of Maikal range are the eastern edges. Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats and Nilgiris form western, eastern and southern boundaries respectively
4.) What is the influence of the Himalayas on Indian agriculture?
Ans: The Himalayas are the reason for summer rains and monsoon type of climate in regions that are beyond the Western Ghats of India. In its absence, this region would have remained drier. The Himalayan Rivers have a perennial flow since these are fed by the glaciers and bring a lot of silt, making these plains very fertile. The Himalayan rivers, while flowing down, deposit gravel and pebble sediments in a narrow belt of 8 to 16 kms width found parallel to foot hills of Shivaliks. This feature is known as ‘Bhabar’. Bhabar is porous in nature. Small rivers and streams flow underground through Bhabar and reappear in lower areas and form a swampy and marshy region called Terai. The region had thick forests and rich variety of wild life. However, owing to migration at the time of India’s partition, most of the Terai zone has now been cleared and used for agricultural operations. Fine alluvial plain regions are found towards the South of the Terai region which is great for agriculture.
5.) Indo- Gangetic plains have a high density of population. Find the reasons.
Ans: The interaction of the three Himalayan rivers, Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra and their tributaries resulted in the formation of great northern plains. In the beginning (about 20 million years ago), it was a shallow basin that was gradually filled with varied alluvial soil that these rivers brought from the Himalayas. The main reasons for the Indo- Gangetic plains having a high density of population
1) It was formed by the Indus and its tributaries, the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas and the Sutlej flowing from the Himalayas. Most of the Indus river basin is located in Pakistan leaving minor portion of Punjab and Haryana plains in India. In that region, the ‘Doab’ features dominate the fertile land between the two rivers.
2) It extends from the rivers Ghaggar to Teesta. This part is mainly spread in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and partly in Haryana, Jharkhand and West Bengal. Here, the river Ganga, Yamuna and their tributaries Sone, Kosi etc drain.
3) It exists mostly in the Brahmaputra valley of Assam and the river Brahmaputra is mainly responsible for its formation.
6.) On an outline map of India, show the following:
(i) Mountain and hill ranges – the Karakoram, the Zaskar, the Patkai Bum, the Jaintia, the Vindhya range, the Aravali, and the Cardamom hills.
(ii) Peaks – K2, Kanchenjunga, Nanga Parbat and the Anaimudi.
(iii)Plateaus – Chotanagapur and Malwa
(iv)The Indian Desert, Western Ghats, Lakshadweep Islands
Ans:
7.) Use an atlas and identify the following:
(i) The Islands formed due to Volcanic eruption.
(ii) The countries constituting the Indian Subcontinent.
(iii) The states through which the Tropic of Cancer passes.
(iv) The northernmost latitude in degrees.
(v) The southernmost latitude of the Indian mainland in degrees.
(vi) The eastern and the western most longitudes in degrees.
(vii) The place situated on the three seas.
(viii)The strait separating Sri Lanka from India.
(ix) The Union Territories of India.
(x) The states in which Himalayas are extended to
Ans: (i) Barren Islands (India)
(ii) Pakistan, Srilanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar
(iii) Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram
(iv) 37⁰6’ N
(v) 8⁰4’ N
(vi) 68°7’E and 97°25’E
(vii) Kanyakumari
(viii) Palk Strait.
(ix) Delhi, Chandigarh, Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar, Puducherry
(x) Himachal pradesh,Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Sikkim.
8.) How are the Eastern coastal plains and western coastal plains similar or different?
Ans: The western coastal coast starts from the Rann of Kutch and ends at Kanyakumari. It is narrower than the east coast. This plain is uneven and broken by hilly terrain.
The eastern coastal plains are wide and have a large surface structure. It stretches from Mahanadi in Odisha to Cauvery delta in Tamil Nadu. These plains are formed by rivers Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery and are very fertile.
The deltas of these two plains are agriculturally developed. Coastal zone also enables rich fishing resources.
9.) Plateau regions in India do not support agriculture as much as the plain regions –what are the reasons for this?
Ans: The plateau region is dry. The rivers are not perennial. The irrigation for the second crop depends on deep tube wells and tanks, whereas, the eastern coastal plains are formed by rivers Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery and are very fertile.
The deltas of eastern coastal plains and the western coastal plains are agriculturally developed. Coastal zone also enables rich fishing resources.
Therefore, Plateau regions in India do not support agriculture as much as the plain regions
10.) Read about the Himalayas, Islands and Coastal plains and prepare a detailed table.
Ans:
Himalayas |
Islands |
Coastal Plains |
The Himalayan ranges run in the west-east direction in the form of an arch with a distance of about 2,400 kms. Their width differs from 500 kms in the western regions to 200 kms in central and eastern regions. It is broader in western region. There are also altitudinal variations across the regions. The Himalayas comprise three parallel ranges. These ranges are separated with deep valleys and extensive plateaus. The northern most range is known as Greater Himalayas or Himadri. This range is the most continuous consisting of the highest peaks with an average elevation of about 6100 mts above Mean Sea Level (MSL). Greater Himalayas are composed of snow and ice cover. You find glaciers here. The seasonal cycles of accumulation of ice, movement and melting of glaciers are the sources of the perennial rivers.
1) The mountain range which runs parallel between the Shiwaliks in the south and the Great Himalaya in north is classified as the Middle Himalaya, sometimes also called Himachal or Lower Himalaya. It has an intricate system of ranges which are 60-80km wide having elevation varying from 3,500 to 4,500 mt above sea level. 2) The Shiwalik Himalaya formed in the last stage of formation of Himalaya. It comprises the outermost range of the Himalayas and is also known as outer Himalayas. It has a hogback like appearance due to its steep northern slope. This range runs parallel to the lesser Himalayas for a distance of about 2,400 km from the Potwar Plateau to the Brahmaputra valley. The width of the Shiwaliks varies from 50 km in Himachal Pradesh to less than 15 km in Arunachal Pradesh. It is almost an unbroken succession of low hills accept a gap of 80-90 km which is occupied by the valley of Tista river. The altitude of Shiwaliks varies from 600 to 1500 meters. 3) |
There are two groups of Islands – Andaman and Nicobar Islands stretched in Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea. Andaman and Nicobar Islands is an elevated portion of submerged mountain parts running from Myanmar Mountain Arkan Yoma. In Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Narkondam and Barren islands are of volcanic origin. The southernmost tip of India is found in Nicobar Island and called as Indira Point which was submerged during the 2004 Tsunami. Lakshadweep Islands are of coral origin. Its total geographic area is 32 sq.kms. This group of islands is famous for a great variety of flora and fauna. In conclusion, it is important to note that there is a vast diversity in the landforms in which Indian people live. Some areas are irrigated by the mighty rivers flowing from the Himalayas and some by the rainfed rivers from Western ghats and its forests. Many places are located in the river valleys and others in the mountains | The southern part of the peninsular plateau is bordered by narrow coastal strips along the Arabian Sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on the east. The western coast starts from the Rann of Kutch and ends at Kanyakumari. It is narrower than the east coast. This plain is uneven and broken by hilly terrain. It can be divided into three parts: 1) Konkan Coast – this is the northern part. It touches Maharashtra and Goa. 2) Canara coast – this is the middle part. It includes coastal plains of Karnataka. 3) Malabar coast – this is the southern part, mostly in the state of Kerala.
Bay of Bengal plains are wide and have a large surface structure. It stretches from Mahanadi in Odisha to Cauvery delta in Tamil Nadu. These plains are formed by rivers Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery and are very fertile. These coastal plains are known by different names locally : Utkal coast (Odisha) Circar coast (Andhra Pradesh) Coramandal coast (Tamil Nadu). Like the Indo-Gangetic plains, these deltas too are agriculturally developed. Coastal zone also enables rich fishing resources. Lakes like Chilka in Odisha and Kolleru and Pulicat in Andhra Pradesh are other important features of the coastal plain. |
11.) “Himalayas play a vital role in India’s development,” comment.
Ans: The Middle Himalayan Ranges are less hostile and more friendly to human contact. Majority of Himalayan resort like Simla, Mussoorie, Ranikhet, Nainital, Almora and Darjeeling, etc are located here.
Greater Himalayas are composed of snow and ice cover. Glaciers are found there. The seasonal cycles of accumulation of ice, movement and melting of glaciers are the sources of the perennial rivers.
The formation of the Himalayas influences India’s climate in various ways. These act as barriers protecting the great plains of India from the cold winds of central Asia during severe winter. The Himalayas are the reason for summer rains and monsoon type of climate in regions that are beyond the Western Ghats of India. In its absence, this region would have remained drier. The Himalayan Rivers have a perennial flow since these are fed by the glaciers and bring a lot of silt, making these plains very fertile.
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