Selina Concise Class 10 Biology Solution Chapter No. 9- ‘The Excretory System’ For ICSE Board Students.
Progress check
1.) Solution:
Answer:- Excess water, urea, carbon dioxide, excess common salt.
2) Solution:
i) Nitrogenous waste
Answer→Urea , uric acid
ii) Bile pigment
Answer→Bilirubin, biliverdin
iii) Main excretory organ
Answer→Kidney, lungs
iv) AccessoryExcretory organs
Answer →Skin, liver
v) Water-soluble vitamins
Answer →Vitamin A and Vitamin B
Progress check
1.) Name the following.
I) The tube arising from the notch of the kidney on the median side and connecting behind with the urinary bladder.
Answer:- Hilum
II) The tube that passes the urine to the outside of the body.
Answer → ureter
III) The inner higher coloured region of the kidney.
Answer →Urethra
IV) The structural and functional unit of a kidney.
Answer →Medulla
V) Knot-like mass of a blood capillary inside Bowman’s Capsule.
Answer →Nephron
VI) The blood vessels which
a.) Enters Malpighian capsule
Answer:- afferent arterioles
b.) Leaves malpighian capsule
Answer:- efferent arterioles
2.) Given a jumbled list of the parts of a certain body structure.
Loop of Henle, Bowman’s capsule, distal convoluted tubule, glomerulus proximal convoluted tubule.
I) Name the structure to which theListed part belong.
Answer → Malpighian
II) Rearrange the parts in their proper sequence from the starting point to where they end.
Answer → Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule
Progress check
1.) State if the following statements are true or false.
I) The blood flows through glomerulus under great pressure.
Answer → True
II) Glomerulus filtrate consist of many substances such as water, salt, glucose and white blood Corpuscles.
Answer → True
III) Sodium chloride contain in glomerulus filtrate is fully reabsorbed in the renal tube.
Answer → True
IV) The blood flowing through the renal artery is oxygenated and contains lot of nitrogenous waste.
Answer → False
V) The blood flowing through the renal vein is oxygenated andNormally does not contain nitrogenous waste.
Answer → False
VI) Excessive uric acid may produce kidney stones.
Answer → False
Exercise Questions Solution
A) Multiple CHOICE TYPE
1.) Excretion primary involves
Answer→c)removal of nitrogenous waste
Reason :- Excretion is the require the nitrogenous waste like ammonia, urea, uric acidFormed in the liver between the kidney. These substance which are removed, melt in water as well carry more wastes like toxins excess, vitamin , etc.
2.) Maximum amount of water from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in
Answer→a)proximal convoluted tubule
Reason:- maximum Reabsorption of the water and solutes takes place in the proximal convoluted tubule of the Glomerulus.
3.) Which one of the following in real sense is NOT an excretory activity?
Answer →c)sweating
Reason:- sweating is take place when the sweet evaporates out of the skin surface.so helps to save the body temperature.
4.) In human, urea is formed in
Answer →b)liver
Reason:- The formation of urea takePlace in the liver through the ornithine Cycle.
B) Very SHORT ANSWER TYPE
1.) Solution:
a) The outer region of kidney containing theBowman’s capsule
Answer:- renal artery
b) The tuft of capillaries inside the Bowman’s capsule
Answer →The renal glomerulus
c) The part of kidney tubule where the term urine is first used for the body of human being
Answer →Collecting duct
d) The organ which filters urea
Answer → Kidney
e) The organ through which urea is released outside the body of a human being
Answer →Kidney
f) The specific pigment found in urine
Answer → Urobilin or urochrome
2.) Solution:
a) Answer →Afferent arterioles, Glomerulus, efferent arterioles, capillary network, renal vein
b) Answer →Renal artery, kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
3.) Solution:
a) Glomerulus filtrate, Bowman’s capsule, ultrafiltration, glomerulus, blood plasma
Answer → Ultrafiltration
b) Skin, liver, lungs, kidney, excretion
Answer →Excretion
c) ADH, water, Pituitary , osmoregulation, urine
Answer →Osmoregulation
d) CO2, bile pigments, water, excretion, urea.
Answer →Excretion
4.) Name the diseases causes due toThe following abnormal constituentIn urine.
Answer :-
Abnormal
constituents Diseases
a) Blood →Haematuria
b) Glucose →Glycosuria
c) Albumin →Albuminuria
d) Bile pigment →Anaemia, hepatitis
C. SHORT ANSWER TYPE
1.) Write down the functional activity of the following parts.
a) Glomerulus
Answer→Ultrafiltration of blood plasma and urine formation
b) Collecting duct.
Answer→The collecting duct receives the compoundsfrom kidney tubule and put it as urine in the pelvis of the kidney
c) Ureter
Answer→Flow of urine
d) Vasa recta
Answer → act as a counter current exchanger. It’s a secondary capillary network which surrounds the renal tubule and re-joins to form a vein
e) Urethra
Answer→ relaxes by urination
2.) Solution:
Answer➔
ColumnA | Answer |
Bowman’s capsule | Glomerulus |
Contains more CO2 and less urea | Renal vein |
Antidiuretic hormone | Regulates amount of water excreted |
Contains more urea | Renal artery |
3.) Solution:
Answer:-
In a nephron, the blood flows through the Glomerulus under great pressure. The reason for this great is that the efferentarteriole is narrower than the afferent arterioles. This high pressure causes the liquid part of the blood to filter out from the Glomerulus into the renal capsule.
4.) Solution:
a) Three nitrogenous waste of our body.
Answer →Ammonia, urea , uric acid
b) Three organic waste of our body.
Answer →Amino acid, urea , creatinine
c) Three inorganic waste of our body.
Answer →Sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonia
d) Three main parts of our urinary system.
Answer →Kidney, ureter, urethra
e) Six main parts of nephron.
Answer →
A proximal convoluted tubule, an intermediate tubule, a distal convoluted tubule, a connecting tubule, cortical, outer medullary
f) Three stages of urine formation.
Answer →Glomerulus filtration, reabsorption, secretion
g) Three types of fluids in different parts of a nephron.
Answer →Urine in DCT, Glomerulus filtrate, nitrogenous mixture of urine with blood
5) Solution:
a) Kidney, ureter, nephron, urethra, urinary bladder.
Answer →Neuron
b) Ammonia, urea, excess sodium chloride, uric acid.
Answer →Excess sodium chloride
c) Cortex, medulla, loop of Henle, hilum.
Answer →Hilum
d) Glomerulus, connecting duct, papilla, Bowman’s capsule.
Answer → papilla
6.) Solution:
Answers :-
a) PCT:- Patient care technician
b) DCT:- Discrete cosine transform
c) ADH:- Antidiuretic hormone
d) ORS:- oral rehydration solution
7.) Solution:
a) Kidney
Answer →The exact location of kidney are on the side of spine and under the ribs, accept belly part.
b) Uriniferous tubule
Answer → uriniferoustubule is present in Nephron of the kidney
c) Malpighian capsule
Answer → malphigian capsule is present in Cortex part of the kidney
d) Osmoregulation
Answer → osmoregulation occurs in Medulla of the kidney
D. DESCRICTRIVE TYPE
1.) Solution:
a) Excretion
Answer →The excretion is defined as the process of removal of harmful metabolic wastes out of the body of all the living organism.
b) Kidney
Answer →The kidney are a pair of bean -shaped organs located at the posterior wall of abdominal cavity
c) Micturition
Answer → micturition is the process of urination in which the guard cells are opens up at only the time of removal of urine through the body. These process is under control of impulse of brain.
d) Osmoregulation
Answer →Osmoregulation is defined as the process in which animals control solute concentration and balance the water gain and loss.
2.) Solution:
a) Bowman’s capsule and Malpighian capsule (structure)
Bowman’s capsule | Malpighian capsule |
It is a part of kidney which contains the glomerulus which is a mass of blood capillaries. | It is a part of kidney which contains Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus together |
c) Renal cortex and Renal medulla ( location and appearance )
Renal cortex | Renal medulla |
Renal cortex is an outer part of kidney which dark in appearance. | Renal medulla is an inner part of kidney which is lighter red in colour . |
Renal cortex contains the renal Medulla inside it. | Renal Medulla consists of finely striped of conical pyramids. |
d) Renal pelvis and renal papilla (structure)
Renal pelvis | Renal papilla |
Renal pelvis is an front end of ureter.
These is little expanded. |
Renal papilla is an apex end of pyramids present in the kidney. |
e) Urea and Urine
Urea | Urine |
These is the Excretory waste product which is excreted with the urine through the body. | These is the Excretory waste which is the filtrate of Reabsorption And a tubular secretion. |
These is produced in the liver by the metabolism Of nucleic acid | It is produced in the kidney by the process of urination. |
f) Excretion and secretion (Utility)
Excretion | Secretion |
It is the process of removal of harmful substances throughout the body during the metabolism | These is the process of Elimination of unwanted substances throughout the body. |
It is an active process | It is an passive process |
The Excretory organs including of kidney, Lungs, skin gallbladder, urinary Bladder, and ureter | The secretary organs consists of glands like – Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal Etc. |
3.) Give reason/explain.
A) Excretion is a necessary process of our body.
Answer → Excretion is a necessary process of our body because the Co2 is the removal waste product for body. The removal of waste material Flow from everyday life processes for the body
B) If we donate one kidney to a needy patient it would not cause any harm to us.
Answer →On a condition that, one kidney is giving to a needy patient, the remaining kidney is sufficient for removing excretory waste and the person can completely lead a common life.
C) We urinate fewer times in summer than in winter and the urine passed is generally thicker.
Answer →we urinate fewer times in summerThan in winter and the urine passed is generally thicker , The reason is that in summer, we usemore part of water For perspiration and the kidney have to reabsorb greater water for all the formation of urine in greaterconcentration.
4.) Solution:
Answer →A uriniferous tubule of the kidney receives impure blood out of the renalArtery as well as excretes metabolic wastes in the form of urine.
5.) Solution:
Answer → It is more necessary to maintain a normal osmotic concentration of the blood. The plasma and cellular component include the blood. Animal cell is not covered by cell wall. Hence the cell’s loss of water and gain of water is done by changes in the osmotic concentration.
6.) Solution:
Answer → Ultrafiltration functions the purification of blood and hence it occurs in the Glomerulus . the blood transport from the efferent arterioles is little thick. And the selective absorption is the purification of blood through Glomerulus which break into the renal tubule.
7.) Solution:
Answer →
When the kidneys are fail to purify the blood and remove the harmful substances from the body then the patient need the dialysis in which a dialysis machine is used for the purification of the blood. This generally Carried outwhen patients have only 10 to 15 percent of kidney function left.
E. Structured/Application/ Skill type.
(1) Solution:
a.) Answer →Human kidney is the longitudinal section or cross section.
b.) Answer →
1.) act for renal artery
2.) act for renal vein
3.) act for ureter
4.) act for cortex
5.) act for pelvis
c.) I) Malpighian capsule
Answer → cortex contain the malpighiancapsule
II) The blood vessel with least/no nitrogenous waste
Answer →Medulla
III) Freshly collected urine
Answer → pelvis contain freshly collected urine
(2) Solution:
b) Answer :-
No. 1 act for kidney
No.2 act for renal artery
No.3 act for ureter
No.4 act for urinary bladder
No.5 act for urethra
c) Answer →Nephron is the structural and functional unit of the part 1 kidney.
d) Answer → Urea and ammonia are the two main organic constituents of the fluid that flows down the part 3 ureter.
e) Answer → Ultrafiltration and selective reabsorption are the two major steps involved in the fluid that passes down the part 3. Ureter.
(3) Solution:
a) Answer:- the process of ultrafiltration takes place in the Glomerulus.
b) Answer:- the concentration of Urea is lowest in the Efferent arteriole.
c) Answer:- the highest concentration of Urea is present in the structure if Afferent arterioles of renal artery.
d) Answer:- The lowest concentration of the glucose is present in the structure of collecting tubule.
e) Answer:- the part where the most water Reabsorption takes place is proximal convoluted tubule and blood capillaries.
f) Answer:- the reason of the high hydrostatic pressure is the glucose because the efferent arteriole is smaller than Afferent arterioles.
g) Answer:- the part of the nephron which lies in the round medulla is Loop of Henle.
(4) Solution:
a) Answer:- excretion is the process in which harmful waste is removed out of the body.
b.)Answer:- the presence of number of nephrons or tubules over the kidney makes the structure dotted.
c.) Answer:- presence of number of conical pyramids gives the medulla a striped appearance.
d.) Answer:-
Blood vessel A – Renal vein
Blood vessel B –Renal artery
(5) Solution:
a) Solution:
Answer →The above structure present in Bowman’s capsule
b) Solution:
Answer →
Part 1 act for afferent arterioles
Part 2 act for Glomerulus
Part 3 act for Bowman’s capsule
Part 4 act for efferent arterioles
c) Solution:
Answer →
Ultrafiltration and Reabsorption are the stages involved in urine formation.
d) Solution:
Answer :- the technical term given to the process occurring in 2 and 3 is ultrafiltration. Below the great pressure the blood flows through the Glomerulus that more than in capillaries. The reason of the more Pressure which efferent arterioles is narrower compared to afferent arterioles. The big pressure cause the liquid part of the blood to filter out of the glomerulus toward the renal tubule. This filtration below extraordinary.