Selina Concise Class 10 Biology Chapter 14 Human Evolution Solutions
Chapter 14
Human Evolution
Review Questions
(A) MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE
(Select the most appropriate option in each case)
(1) Answer:- (c) Lamark
Lamark was the first scientist who gave the theory of evolution known as lamark’s Theory.
(2) Answer:- (d) Darwin
Theory of natural selection is also known as Darwin’s theory.
(3) Answer:- (b) Moth
The industrial melanism Theory was stated on Example of moth. The adaptation of change in colour in the moth were explained.
(4) Answer:- (a) Ramapithecus
Ramapithecus was the pre – human ancestor.
(B) SHORT ANSWER TYPE
(1) Answer:-
On the following basis following points the Netherland man and the modern man belongs to the two distinct species-
(1) Neanderthal Man – these were success of homo erectus. Cranial capacity – near about 1450 cm3. These species has large head, with broad flat and sloping forehead. Also the prominent brow ridges, they were having less hair on their body and also chin was almost vanished.
(2) Modern man – these species is evolved from the cro – Magnon man. At the end of the glacial period. Cranial capacity – 1450 to 1600 cm3. They were doing bipedal locomotion but they having four reserved curves in the spine. Also they had the feature of upright head, skull was on the top of vertebral column. Forehead was steep. Also hairs on the body are reduced. But these species has prominent chin.
(2) The range of cranial capacities in the following ancestral forms were
(a) Answer:- the range of cranial capacity of Australopithecus species is 450 cm3 to 600 cm3.
(b) Answer:- the range of cranial capacity of Homo habillus species is about 680 cm3 to 735 cm3.
(c) Answer:- the range of cranial capacity of Homo erectus is about 800 cm3 to 1125 cm3.
(d) Answer:- the range of cranial capacity of cro – Magnon is about 1450 cm3 – 1600 cm3.
(e) Answer:- the range of Homo sapiens sapiens Cranial capacity is about 1450 cm3 to 1600 cm3.
(3) Answer:-
Lamark explained his ideas on the basis of following two principles –
(1) Inheritance of acquired characters – these principle states that the offspring of an organisms pass some characters by inheritance from parents which are somewhat modified in the offspring.
(2) Use and disuse – these principle states that the parts if body which are mostly used , became stronger and larger but those which were not in use for much time those gets deteriorate.
(4) Answer:- these are the three vestigial organs –
(A) Pinna of ear
(B) Appendix
(C) Wisdom tooth
(5) Give the scientific name of the organism which is cited as the classical example of “Natural Selection”.
Answer:- the Biston Betularia is the name of the organism which is the classical example of “Natural selection”.
(6) Tick mark (✓) the correct option in the following statements:
(a) Answer:- the fossil history of humans us fragmentary.
(b) Answer:- The first remarkable human fossil was that of H. Habillus.
(c) Answer:- Evolution is an ever Continuing.
(C) DESCRIPTIVE TYPE
(1) Define the following terms:
(a) Answer:-
The slow and continues process which turns the complex form of life into the simple form of life from millions of years, is called evolution.
(b) Answer:-
Vestigial organs are the remaining of the features which were important function in the ancestors organisms.
In short vestigial organs are those organs which were in important use in ancestors but as the generation changed these are of no use. Hence these are vestigial.
(c) Answer:-
Speciation is the formation of new species by gradually modification.
(2) Distinguish between:
(a) Answer:-
Australopithecus |
Cro – Magnon |
The cranial capacity of Australopithecus is 450 cm3 to 600 cm3. | The cranial capacity of cro- Magnon is 1450 cm3 to 1600 cm3. |
They were having eye brow rideges projecting over the eyes. And low forehead. | They were having eye brow rideges with orthognathos face and broad arched. |
Body is covered with so much hairs | Body is with less hairs. |
(b) Answer:-
Australopithecus |
Modern man |
The cranial capacity of Australopithecus is 450 cm3 to 600 cm3. | The cranial capacity is 1450 cm3 to 1600 cm3. |
They were having eye brow rideges projecting over the eyes. And low forehead. | Forehead was steeped along with flattened face and reduced eye brow. |
Body is covered with so much hairs | Highly reduced body hairs. |
(c) Answer:-
Homo habillus |
Homo sapiens sapiens |
The cranial capacity is 680 cm3 to 735 cm3. | The cranial capacity is 1450 cm3 to 1600 cm3. |
Forehead was receding with looking alike ape head | Forehead was steeped along with flattened face and reduced eye brow. |
Body hairs were less | Highly reduced body hairs. |
Almost no chin | Chin was prominent and snout disappeared. |
(3) Answer:-
Lanmark’s Theory |
Darwin’s theory |
These is also Called as Theory of inheritance of acquired characters. | These theory is also called as theory of natural selection. |
Lamark Gave the two principles to prove his theory of evolution. | Darwin Gave four principles to prove his theory of evolution. |
The principals were (1) use and disuse
(2) Inheritance of acquired characters |
The principals were (1) struggle for existence (2) variation (3) survival of the fittest (4) natural selection |
(4) Answer:-
The theory of natural selection is based on the following observable facts.
(A) Struggle for existence – in these case every individual fights for their life or survival.
(B) Variation – there is something variation in between every individual, some individuals are very good adapted to the environmental changes.
(C) Survival for the fittest – the individuals which are adapted better to the environmental changes than the other individuals these are more fit for survival.
(D) Natural selection – the fittest individual which are capable of reproduction and production of new fittest individual with good qualities. Natural selection is the selection of fittest individual and rejection of the weaker individual.
(5) Answer:-
Industrial melanism proves a good example for the natural selection because after revolution of the industry the pollution increased in the area which cased the death of many lichens and also darkening of the soot and trunk of the trees. So, after these change the dark colored moth were easily hide from the prey, but not the light colour moth. These is known as industrial melanism. These is also an example of natural selection done by the birds on light moth, hence it us proved that industrial melanism is an good example of natural selection.
(D) STRUCTURE/APPLICATION/SKILL TYPE
(1) Solution:
(a) Answer:-
The two stages are
A – Australopithecus
B – homo sapiens sapiens
The contrasting characters between these two stages are –
Australopithecus |
Homo sapiens |
Australopithecus has features like low forehead, and eye brow ridges were projecting over the eyes. | Homo sapiens sapiens has features like reduced brow ridges, steep forehead, and flattened face. |
The cranial capacity of Australopithecus is about 450 cm3 to 600 cm3. | The cranial capacity of Homo sapiens sapiens is about 1450 cm3 to 1600 cm3. |
(b) Write all the stages of human evolution in their correct sequence.
Answer:-
The correct sequence of stages of human evolution is –
(1) Australopithecus
(2) Homo habillus
(3) Homo erectus
(4) Neanderthals
(5) Cro – Magnon
(6) (Modern man) Homo sapiens sapiens
(c) State any two characteristics features of stage B.
Answer:-
Stage B is Modern man – Homo sapiens sapiens
The two characteristics features of Modern Man are-
(1) Cranial capacity is 1450 cm3 to 1600 cm3.
(2) Bipedal locomotion and 4 reverse curves in the spines.
(3) Head is upright, forehead is steep and skull is present on the vertebral column.
(2) Solution:
(a) Answer:-
Industrial melanism is named to these phenomenon.
(b) Answer:-
Common name – pepeered moth.
Scientific name – BistonBetularia.
(c) Answer:-
The changes shown in the two pictures are due to the industrial melanism. These change occurs due to increased pollution. When pollution increased in the area the darkening of shoot and trunk of trees occurred. Most of the moth and lichens died. Some remained which God adapted to the new environment which is shown in figure B. These changes are shown in the two figures.
(d) Solution;-
(i)
Answer:-
The name of the Theory said here, is Natural selection. The theory of natural selection was given by the scientists Charles Darwin.
He explained the theory as –
Natural selection – the fittest individual which are capable of reproduction and production of new fittest individual with good qualities. Natural selection is the selection of fittest individual and rejection of the weaker individual.
(ii)
Answer:-
The name of the scientists who gave the theory of natural selection is Charles Darwin.
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