Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science History Solutions Chapter 1 Pdf
Tamilnadu Board Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science History Solutions Chapter 1: Tamilnadu State Board Solution Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 1 – Evolution of Humans and Society – Prehistoric Period.
Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science History Solutions Chapter 1: Overview
Board |
Samacheer Kalvi |
Class |
9 |
Subject |
Social Science History |
Chapter |
1 |
Chapter Name |
Evolution of Humans and Society – Prehistoric Period |
Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science History Solutions Chapter 1 Pdf
I. Choose the correct answer
1.) Chimpanzee is genetically closest to humans.
(a) Gorilla
(b) Chimpanzee
(c) Orang-utan
(d) Great Apes
2.) The period called Neolithic marks the beginning of agriculture and animal domestication.
(a) Paleolithic
(b) Mesolithic
(c) Neolithic
(d) Megalithic
3.) Direct ancestor of modern man was Homo sapiens.
(a) Homo habilis
(b) Homo erectus
(c) Homo sapiens
(d) Neanderthal man
4.) Fertile Crescent refers to the area covering Egypt, Israel-Palestine and Iraq.
(a) Great Rift Valley
(b) Fertile Crescent
(c) Solo river
(d) Neander Valley
5.) Sir Robert Bruce Foote, a geologist from England first discovered the Paleolithic tools at Pallavaram near Chennai.
(a) Microlithic
(b) Paleolithic
(c) Mesolithic
(d) Neolithic
6.) (i) The period before the introduction of writing is called pre-history.
(ii) The pre-historic people developed language, made beautiful paintings and artefacts.
(iii) The pre-historic societies are treated as literate.
(iv) The pre-historic period is called ancient.
(i) is correct
(i) and (ii) are correct
(i) and (iv) are correct
(ii) and (iii) are correct
Answer: b) (i) and (ii) are correct
7.) (i) The Neolithic people used polished stone axes called Celts
(ii) Evidence of Neolithic village is found at Payyampalli in Chennai district
(iii) The cultural period that succeeded the Neolithic is called the Bronze Age
(iv) The period that witnessed domestication of animals and cultivation of crops is called Mesolithic
a) (i) is correct
b) (ii) is correct
c) (ii) and (iii) are correct
d) (iv) is correct
Answer: a) (i) is correct
8.) Assertion (A): Many of the Mesolithic sites are founds nearby rivers and tanks.
Reason (R): Irrigation management developed during Mesolithic period.
a) A and R are correct and R explains A
b) A and R are correct but R doesn’t explain A
c) A is correct but R is incorrect
d) A and R both are incorrect
Answer: d) both A and R are incorrect.
II.) Fill in the blanks
1.) Hand axes and cleavers are the important tool types of the Lower Paleolithic culture.
2.) The methods and techniques involved in the production of stone tools are called Lithic technology.
3.) Mesolithic period is known as the Middle Stone Age, as it is placed between the Paleolithic and Neolithic.
III. Find out the correct statement
1.) a) The concept ‘survival of the fittest’ contributed to the scientific understanding of human origins.
b) The book “On the Origin of Species” was published by Herbert Spencer.
c) Darwin’s theory of biological evolution connects with the process of natural selection.
d) Geology is the study of lithic technology.
Answer: (a) is the correct statement.
2.) a) Among the great Apes Orang utan is genetically the closest to humans.
b) The ancestors to humans were called Hominins and their origins have been traced to Africa.
c) Flake canot be used for tool making.
d) Acheulian is the main block of stone from which small chips are flaked by using a hammer stone.
Answer: b) is the correct statement.
IV.) Match the following Answer
- Palaeo anthropology – The study of the human ancestors
- Hand axe tools – Acheulian
- Images on stone and bone – Venus
- Red sand dunes – Teris
- Stone artefacts of small size – Microliths
V.) Answer the following briefly
1.) Discuss how the age of speculation made humans become conscious and knowledgeable.
Answer: Human started to think in this age. Human became conscious and started observing things, human came up with many questions and spend time to find the answer. At first human was worshipping nature like the sun, the moon and many natural powers then human came up with scientific explanation and logic and understood that these all part of nature and this is the mechanism of the nature. Due to lack of scientific knowledge on the creation of the world human created writings and religious literature which still exist.
2.) Write a note on the impact of pastoralism on the prehistoric people in Tamil Nadu.
Answer: As an impact of pastoralism people started understood the use of animals and domesticated sheep and cattle. Hunting groups were come into existence for hunting and for security of the domestic animals of tribe. One tribe was stealing domestic animals from another tribe thus war, encroachment and expansion of territories came into existence.
3.) List out the features of Megalithic Burial types.
Answer: Features of Megalithic Burial type is as follow
i) Grave goods: In this type of grave people keep any object with the burials. It was believe at that time that the object will be useful for the dead person in after life. Egyptians were building pyramids and keeping artefacts with mummy. In the Sangam age many types of burial practices are known. Dolmens, cists, menhirs, rock-cut, caves, urn burials and sarcophagus are classification of the megalithic burials. In Kerala Kodakka, Toppikkal and paththikal type of burials are found.
ii) Portholes: Portholes are the holes in the where in the cists and dolmens on one side. There was also space for the movement of the soul or spirit of the dead person.
4.) Examine the tool making technical skills of lower Paleolithic people.
Answer: The Homo habilis and Homo erectus were the ancestor of the Lower Paleolithic people. Lower Paleolithic People flaked large stone blocks and designed tool. Tools designed by Lower Paleolithic people were found in Africa, Asia and Europe which were around 1.8 million years ago. Lower Paleolithic people made axes, axes with two faces known as Biface. A hand axe known as Acheulian and making this tool was a tradition till 250000 years to 60000 years ago in India. In Lower Paleolithic culture people were intelligent enough to select stones as raw material to make a tool. They used hammer to flake the rock and designed tool as per their need.
Answer the following in detail
1.) The developments in the fields of agriculture, pottery and metal tools are considered a landmark in the life of Megalithic period-Substantiate.
Answer: In Megalithic period people practiced agriculture. They knew how to cultivate millets and rice. They were also developed irrigation system. Evidence of rice are found in Thoothukudi district at Porunthal near Palani.
One of the important evidence of megalithic period found in the form of pottery at archaeological sites. People were using black and red colours to make black pottery and red pottery. They were using potteries to cook, store and to dine. The surface of the pottery was smooth.
At the time of megalithic period the weapons like swords, daggers, axes, chisels, lamps ad tripod stands were existed. These objects were having handle of wood, bones or horn. Iron tools were used for agriculture, hunting, gathering and even in battles. Bronze bowls, vessels with design of animals and birds are found. Bronze mirrors and bells are also found.
2.) The history of humans is closely related to the history of the earth. Elucidate.
Answer: The history of humans is closely related to the history of the earth is very true statement. Just like the earth contains geological, archaeological and biological layers like that the human history has different layers. At the different stages of the earth there evidence of living organisms of that time is found. So while reconstructing the history of the earth the history of the humans is also reconstructed.
Many evidences of the human were extracted from the between of the rocks. Many time the bones are preserved in the soil and rock layers. The fossils found between rock layers were very helpful for scientific study of different stage of the human.
Archaeology is the study of the past of the humans and Palaeonthropology is the study of the human ancestors was done with the help of fossils and the evidences found from the earth. After existence of the earth conditions were became suitable for the growth of organisms and later for plants and animals it was the foundation of the human evolution And thus the human evolution started with the earth.