PSEB Punjab Board Class 9 Social Science Economics Textbook Solution Chapter 3 Poverty: Challenge facing India Exercise Questions and Answers
Sr. No 3– Poverty: Challenge facing India
Exercise
A.) Objective Answer type Questions
1.) Multiple Choice Questions
(i) What is the number of people living in poverty in India.
(a) 20 crores
(b) 26 crores
(c) 25 crores
(d) None of these
Answer:-d) None of these
(ii) Poverty ratio in …………countries is less.
(a) Developed countries
(b)Developing countries
(c) Less developed countries
(d) None of these
Answer:-a) Developed countries
(iii) In India which state is the poorest state.
(a) Punjab
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Odisha
(d) Rajasthan
Answer:- c) Odisha
(iv) National Income is the indicator of ……………..
(a) Poverty line
(b) Population
(c) Ralative Poverty
(d) absolute poverty
Answer:- a) Poverty line
2.) Fill in the Blanks
(i) More than……………. of the world’s poor people live in India.
(ii) Poverty creates a feeling of ……………. in the poor people.
(iii) ……… people require more calories than ………….. people.
(iv) Punjab state has succeeded in reducing poverty with the help of high ………………. growth rates.
(v) ………………. is the method to measure the minimum income required to satisfy the basic needs of life.
(vi) ……………. is a measurement of poverty.
Answer-
i) One Fifth
ii) helplessness
iii) Rural, Urban
iv)
v) Poverty line
vi) absolute poverty
2.) True/False
(i) There is a rapid decrease in global poverty.
(ii) Disguised unemployment prevails in agriculture.
(iii) Educated Unemployment prevails more in villages.
(iv) National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) estimates the increase in populations.
(v) Bihar and Odisha states are the most poor states.
Answer:-
i) True
ii) True
iii) False
iv) False
v) True
4.) Very Short Answer type Questions
(i) What is the meaning of relative poverty?
Answer:-Relative poverty refers to the distribution of national income across different individuals and households in the country.
(ii) What is the meaning of absolute poverty?
Answer:- Absolute poverty refers to the measure of poverty, keeping in view the per capita in take of calories and minimum level of consumption.
(iii) Name two indicators of relative poverty ?
Answer :- Two indicators of relative poverty are Per-capita income and national income
(iv) What is the meaning of poverty line?
Answer :-Poverty line is the method to measure the minimum income required to satisfy the basic needs of life.
(v) Name the criteria adopted by the Planning Commission of India to determine the poverty line?
Answer :-By conducting sample surveys, National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) estimates the poverty line periodically normally once every five years.
(vi) Name two indicators of poverty?
Answer:-income and consumptiontwo indicators of poverty.
(vii) In poor families who suffers the most.
Answer:-
(viii) Name two poorest states of India.
Answer:-Bihar and Odisha states are the most poor states.
(ix) How Kerala has reduced poverty in the state?
Answer:-Kerala has focused more on human resource development.
(x) What has helped West Bengal in reducing poverty?
Answer:-Land reform measures have helped in reducing poverty in West-Bengal.
(xi) Name two states which reduced poverty with the help of high agricultural growth rates
Answer:-Punjab and Haryanatwo states which reduced poverty with the help of high agricultural growth rates
(xii) How China and South-East-Asian countries are able to reduce poverty?
Answer:-China and South East Asian countries are able to reduce poverty as a result of rapid economic growth and investments in human resource development
(xiii) Give two causes of poverty.
Answer:-
Two causes of poverty:-
- Low economic growth
- Unemployment
(xiv) Name two poverty alleviation programmes.
Answer :- Two poverty alleviation programmes
- Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA
- SampoornaGraminRozgarYojana (SGRY)
(xv) Name the programme that provides free-food to the Govt. School children?
Answer :- Mid-day meal schemeprogramme that provides free-food to the Govt. School children?
B.) Short Answer type Questions
1.) What do you mean by poverty? Explain it.
Answer:-
- Poverty is a situation in which a person is unable to get minimum basic necessities of life, like food, clothing, shelter, education and health facilities
- Man struggles to fulfil these minimum basic needs. If the minimum basic needs are not fulfilled then there is loss of health and efficiency among those living in poverty and the country.
- Poverty influences person’s ability to work, his health and income. Its definition keeps on changing with the economic conditions of the country.
2.) Differentiate between Relative Poverty and Absolute Poverty?
Answer :-
Relative Poverty |
Absolute Poverty |
1.The economic conditions of different regions or countries is compared under relative poverty | 1.It refers to income and consumption levels in a country |
2. relative poverty refers to the distribution of national income across different individuals and households in the country. | 2. absolute poverty refers to the measure of poverty, keeping in view the per capita in take of calories and minimum level of consumption |
3.) What are the problems faced by the poor people?
Answer:-More than one fifth of the world’s poor live in India.The problems faced by the poor people are many, few of them are lack of good health, unemployment, unavailability of food, unhygienic living conditions, unable to send children to schools, The sick people cannot afford treatment, lack of shelter , A sense of helplessness in the poor people
4.) Describe how the poverty line is estimated in India?
Answer:-
- On the basis of 2011-12 data, people below the consumption expenditure of Rs816 per person per month in rural areas and Rs 1000 in urban areas, are called poor. The present formula for food requirement while estimating the Poverty line is based on the desired calorie requirement.
- The accepted average caloric requirement in India is 2400 calories per person per day in rural areas and 2100 calories per person per day in urban areas, though the calorie needs vary depending on age, sex and the type of work that a person does
- By conducting sample surveys, National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) estimates the poverty line periodically normally once every five years.
5.) Describe the major indicators of Poverty?
Answer:-
- The indicators used to measure poverty are related to the levels of income and consumption.
- Social scientists have also included social indicators like illiteracy level, malnutrition, lack of access to health care, lack of job opportunities, and lack of safe drinking water.
- Social exclusion is another common indicator on which the analysis of poverty is based. Social exclusion can be a cause as well as a consequence of poverty. Sometimes people under social exclusion are deprived of equal opportunities.
- Lack feelings of security in the backward classes in yet another indicator on which the analysis of poverty is based.
6.) Describe the poverty trends in India since 1993-94.
Answer :-
In 1993-94, 403.7 million of people or 44.3% of population was living below the poverty line. The proportion of people below poverty line came down to 37.2% in 2004-2005 and further to 21.7% in 2011-12.
|
Poverty ratio |
Poor population |
||||
Year | Rural | Urban | Total | Rural | Urban | Total |
1993-94 | 50.1 | 31.8 | 44.3 | 328.6 | 74.5 | 403.7 |
2004-05 | 41.8 | 25.7 | 37.2 | 326.3 | 80.8 | 497.1 |
2011-12 | 25.7 | 13.7 | 21.92 | 216.6 | 53.1 | 269.3 |
Table: Estimates of Poverty in India
7.) Briefly describe the inter-state disparities in poverty in India.
Answer:-
- Inter-State Disparities in poverty in India, The proportion of poor people is not the same in every state in India. This is because the poverty reducing reforms adopted by different states are different.
- Recent estimates show that in 11 states the poverty ratio is less than the national average whereas it is still a serious problem in Odisha, Bihar, Assam, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
- Odisha and Bihar continue to be the two poorest states with poverty ratio of 32.6% and 33.7% respectively.
- States like Kerala, Himachal Pradesh Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Punjab and Haryana have successfully reduced poverty.
8.) What are the three main causes of poverty in India.
Answer:-
i.) Low economic growth : British policies discouraged the traditional textile industries and, small and cottage Industries which were flourishing in India. This resulted in less job opportunities and low growth rate of incomes.
ii.) Heavy Population Pressure : Population has been rising in India at a rapid pace. High growth of population to low per capita income that ultimately leads to low savings.
iii.) Rural Economy : Indian economy is basically a rural economy with 70 percent of the total population engaged in agriculture. But agriculture sector is backward as its contribution to the national income is only one-third.
9.) Promotion of economic growth helps in reducing poverty. Explain.
Answer:-
- Speeding up the pace of growth is an ultimate solution to the problem of poverty in India. When the pace of growth increases, employment both in farms and industries increases. Greater the employment lesser the poverty.
- Since the eighties India’s economic growth has been one of the fastest in the world.
- Economic growth widens opportunities and provides the resources needed to invest in human development.
10.) What are the main features of National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) 2005.
Answer :-
- Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA) 2005 was launched.
- Main objective to provide 100 days assured employment every year to every rural household.
- One third of the proposed jobs would be reserved for women.
- The central and state governments will establish Employment Guarantee Funds for the implementation of the scheme.
11.) Explain any three poverty alleviation programmes undertaken by the Government of India.
Answer:-poverty alleviation programmes undertaken by the Government of India:
i) Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) was launched with an objective to provide employment opportunity to the surplus workers and to develop regional social and economic conditions.
ii) Prime Minister RozgarYojana (PMRY) was started in 1993 with an objective to provide self employment opportunities for educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns.
iii)Antyodaya Anna Yojna (AAY)- AAY was launched in the year 2000. Under this scheme poor families were identified and twenty five kilograms of food grains were made available to each family at a very subsidised rate of 2 per Kg for wheat and 3 per kg for rice.