Draw a diagram of Mitochondria.
Define ‘Mitochondria’.
The mitochondria are tube-like membrane-bound organelles that make adenosine triphosphate and are mainly found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The cell provides energy in the form of ATP to carry out various chemical activities. The mitochondria are also referred to as the powerhouse of the cell. It is like the digestive system of the cell and is present in the cytoplasm. This organelle breaks down nutrients in order to gain energy molecules for the cells. The mitochondrion is a Greek word which means thread and granules-like
Describe the structure and function of mitochondria.
The structure of mitochondria includes the following:
- A rod or oval-shaped structure that can be found in animals and plants is the mitochondria.
- The mitochondria structure includes an inner membrane, outer membrane, and matrix which is a gel-like structure. It is 0.5 to 1.0 mm in diameter. Both inner and outer membranes are composed of proteins and a phospholipid layer.
- Porins are a special kind of protein that is largely present in the outer membrane.
- The outer membrane and inner membrane have space in between them and that space is called the intermembrane space.
- It also has fluidic substance ‘Matrix’ which contains ribosomes, tRNA, genomic DNA, enzymes, and proteins.
- In the mitochondria, the inner membrane has several folds known as cristae.
The functions of mitochondria include:
- Mitochondria is responsible for detoxifying the ammonia and programmed cell death.
- It builds many hormones like progesterone and testosterone.
- They are also responsible for maintaining an adequate concentration of calcium ions in the cell.
- The cellular activities such as cell signaling, cell cycle controlling, cell growth, and cellular differentiation mainly involve the mitochondria.
- Some parts of the blood can be built by this organelle.
It plays an important role in cell multiplication and the growth of new cells.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why are mitochondria known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria organelle is responsible for generating energy through the breakdown of complex food materials into simple substances. Energy is the only source to carry out cellular functions. The cell contains mitochondria which break down food and give energy to the cell. Hence, the mitochondria of the cell are called the powerhouse of the cell.
What are cristae when it comes to mitochondria?
The complex structure of mitochondria which consists of many folds and forms a layered structure is known as cristae. It is the inner membrane of mitochondria that aims to produce ATP molecules.
What are the important functions of mitochondria?
Producing energy or ATP is the main function of mitochondria. In the cell, mitochondria regulate metabolic activities. Also, they play an important function in programmed cell death and apoptosis.
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