Maharashtra Board Class 12 Political Science Solution Chapter 4 – Contemporary India : Challenges to Peace, Stability and National Integration
Balbharati Maharashtra Board Class 12 Political Science Solution Chapter 4: Contemporary India : Challenges to Peace, Stability and National Integration. Marathi or English Medium Students of Class 12 get here Contemporary India : Challenges to Peace, Stability and National Integration full Exercise Solution.
Std |
Maharashtra Class 12 |
Subject |
Political Science |
Chapter |
5 |
Chapter Name |
Contemporary India : Challenges to Peace, Stability and National Integration |
Choose the correct alternative and complete the following statements.
1.) Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated for having taken decision of the Tamil question in Sri Lanka
2.) The first national integration conference
was held in 1961.
(B) Identify incorrect pair in every set, correct it and rewrite.
1.)
1.) LTTE – Sri Lanka
2.) Irish Republican Army – Ireland
3.) Basque Fatherland and Liberty (CTA) -Spain
2.)
1.) Boko Haram – Nigeria
2.) Afghan Taliban – Afghanistan
3.) Jaish-e-Mohammad – Pakistan
(C) Complete the following statements by using appropriate reasons.
1.) The left wing extremists prevent execution and implementation of developmental work, because –
1.) They are against the government.
2.) the opposition parties ask them to
3.) do so.
4.) they want to show that the government structure at field level is ineffective.
Answer-: They want to show that the government structure at field level is ineffective.
(2) In 1990’s Kashmiri Pandits migrated
from Kashmir valley, because –
(i) they weren’t from Kashmir.
(ii) there was growth in Islamic
militancy.
(iii) there were no job opportunities for
them.
Answer-: There was growth in islamic militancy.
Q.2(A) Find the odd word in the given set.
Terrorism, Naxalism, Nationalism, Extremism
Nationalism is the odd one out since all three, terrorism, naxalism and extremism are all related and all mean the violent and armed conflict that involves militant and radical groups.
(B) State the appropriate concept for the
given statement.
(1) Threat use violence with an intention to
create panic in the society –
Terrorism -: Terrorism is the extreme form of armed conflict where a group of people take up arms and civilians are harmed in an attempt to draw attention.
(2) Involvement of people in decision
making process of state –
Democracy -: Democracy is the form of government where through universal suffrage, every adult individual elects the leaders of a country and thus indirectly contributes in every decision made in the legislature of that particular country.
Q.3 (A) Complete the concept map.
Values of National Integration Are
- Common citizenship,
- Unity in diversity,
- Feeling of loyalty to the Nation,
- A sense of fraternity among all
- diverse communities,
- Secularism,
- Socio- economic and political justice
- and
(B) State whether the following statements are true or false with reason.
(1) Democracy is required to establish national integration and social transformation.
True
Because ideally when every individual is given an equal opportunity in democracy, there is supposed to be a homogeneity among the masses and a spirit of camaraderie. As a wise man once said, national integration has nothing to do with setting boundaries and borders but instead, uniting its people who live within those boundaries. And what better way to achieve that than to give equal status to each and every citizen living in the country constitutionally.
Democracy is of the people, for the people, by the people and its core tenant is homogeneity.
The greatest testament of this principle is India, a nation as diverse where even language changes every few miles. India is still standing united in the spirit of nationalism even after 7 decades of independence. The main reason is Democracy, which has held together billions of Indians and the social fiber still stands strong.
(2) National movement in India played an important role in national integration.
True.
Against the britishers, we Indians were united in the struggle for freedom. Every individual in the British Raj hoped and dreamt of an Independent India and even contributed for the same by participating in various national movements for freedom led by the greatest leader of the country, Mahatma Gandhi.
From Kashmir to Kanyakumari, people were filled with inspiring national spirit and a togetherness was felt because the struggle was same for everyone and against their common enemy, the britishers who oppressed them without discrimination.
The leaders acknowledged this and played a crucial role in uniting every individual.
Q.4 Explain the correlation between the following.
National Unity and Regional Aspirations
National unity and regional aspirations stand against each other in one way. Where there is a sense of alienation among states from the centre, the unity of the nation stands threatened. For example, in India, since independence, some parts of the country have experienced unrest because of demand for separate sovereign states such as Punjab demanding Khalistan, in north east a demand for gorkhaland and the separatist movements in Jammu and Kashmir. This has weakened National Unity as the Khalistani movement has clashed directly against the government at the centre and indulged in unlawful activities.
But they can go hand in hand if the interventions from centre about certain matters like administration is minimalistic and only when utmost needed.
This can go long way in promoting trust among states and centre and bring harmony.
Q.5 Express your opinion.
Peace and stability are needed for the nation’s progress.
Peace and stability are the basic requirements
for anything productive to happen.
In the dissonance and noise of disharmony, even the most progressive governments and their most elaborate and growth oriented development projects can be stalled.
Chaos hinders progress. If diversity somehow becomes the reason for disharmony and there are activities that hamper peace and stability, the division of society among sub groups can cause a great setback to nation building.
A few years ago, the Babri Masjid and Ram Janmabhoomi incident created a rift amongst Muslims and Hindus which till this day remains.
A lot of manpower is wasted on such trivial matters which could instead be utilised to harness the potential of the youth who are manipulated for the political purposes on such instances.
Q.6 Answer the following in 80 to 100 words.
(1) What is left wing extremism in India?
Left wing extremism is a form of terrorism based on ideology of Marxist Leninist Maoist thought process. In India, the movement, sometimes referred as Naxalite movement, was born out of anger of the suppressed and subdued peasants against the feudal system and Jamindars. In the 1960s, a certain Anju Majumdar, influenced by Marxism and Leninism wrote heavily along the lines of left wing ideologies and it gave the movement a big momentum. The naxalism movement got its name from the place where it began, Naxalbari in West Bengal. In the initial years it was a guerilla armed warfare and the left wing sympathizers also included political groups. The CPI (maoist) which also had affiliations with MCCI, PW and CPI (Marxist-Leninist) was the one behemoth organised structure in India behind the movement and made every effort to stall government’s development projects and hinder the normal day to day functions of government machinery.
They recruit even children for deployment of explosives and operate in the difficult rural terrains to avoid the security forces.
(2) Explain cross border terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir.
It all began with the independence of India from Britishers. The newly created muslim state, Pakistan, in it’s desperate attempt to annex the State of Jammu and Kashmir sent militants across the border and triggered the conflict.
The quest for this land has been the root cause of endless fight between the two countries.
Unrelenting Pakistan has time and again tried
the brute force attempt of claiming J&K by sending infiltrators from across the border but till now the attempts have been thwarted.
J and Kashmir Liberation front which was earlier known as Plebiscite front was responsible for many terrorist activities in the region in 60s. Mujahideen sponsored by the islamic state along with Hijbul Mujahideen in 1990s was largely responsible for accelerating the insurgent activities and also the armed conflict got bloodier and violent and incessant.
The state of Jammu and Kashmir has been the victim of organised terrorism for more than two decades and the parties involved, the forces that want the independent state of Jammu and Kashmir are almost always sponsored militarily by Pakistan.
Cross border terrorism is the result of grooming of youth on the other side of border as militants who cross the border in an attempt to spread fear by organising violent crime.
Q.7 Answer the following in 150 to 200 words.
Explain the role of the State with help of
given points.
(a) Peace and order-:
State brings peace and order by using constitutional machinery. State’s role in maintaining peace and order is crucial as the existence and survival of the state itself depends on it. There may be a disturbance at the local or international level that might pose a threat to statehood and may pose a risk of disharmony and conflict, which the state needs to constantly guard against.
(b) Economic development-:
The State’s primary role is to uplift the status of people’s economic standing as it is, and this the state achieves by propelling economic activities through industry and agriculture.
A prospering economy receives patronage by its government, i.e. the state. It may occur through the policies of the state and thus the state can decide the course of the economy.
(c) National Building -:
State also ensures national integrity despite the diversity amongst its population. The various groups that subside in the nation need a bigger identity, a sense of oneness that the state provides to continue to prosper and be united.
(d) Governance-:
State must also involve the citizens in the formal decision making process by either a universal suffrage or such similar mechanism.
(e) Welfare-:
A welfare state is that which caters to the needs of the poorest by providing medical aid, legal aid, and an equal status.
State needs to make sure to make decisions keeping in mind last person im queue.
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