Maharashtra Board Class 11 History Solution Chapter 10 – Changing Times
Balbharati Maharashtra Board Class 11 History Solution Chapter 10: Changing Times. Marathi or English Medium Students of Class 11 get here Changing Times full Exercise Solution.
Std |
Maharashtra Class 11 |
Subject |
History |
Chapter |
10 |
Chapter Name |
Changing Times |
Q.1 (A) Choose the correct alternative and write the complete sentences.
(1) The history of Indo-Greeks is known through their …………….
(a) literature (b) inscription
(c) coins (d) pottery
Answer – The history of Indo-Greeks is known through their (c) coins
(2) Gupta dynasty was founded by………………….
(a) Sri Gupta (b) Ghatotkach
(c) Samudragupta (d) Ramgupta
Answer – Gupta dynasty was founded by (a) Sri Gupta
(3) After accession by defeating the Shakas, …………………..took up the tile of
‘Vikramaditya’.
(a) Chandragupta II (b) Ramgupta
(c) Chandragupta I (d) Kumaragupta
Answer – After accession by defeating the Shakas, (a) Chandragupta II took up the tile of ‘Vikramaditya’.
(B) Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.
Set ‘A’ Set ‘B’
(1) Kshaum Linen cloth
(2) Pushpapatta Cotton cloth
(3) Dukul Silk cloth
(4) Amshuka Muslin cloth
Answer – The incorrect pair is
(2) Pushpapatta Cotton cloth
The correct pair would be
(2) Pushpapatta Floral designs
Q.2 Explain the following statements with reasons.
(1) During the Gupta period the power was concentrated in the hands of
local landlords.
Answer – The Gupta kings changed the economic structure of agricultural system. Their preference was on giving the land to local farmers for tilling. Land donations were also made for the cause of religion and learning. These lands were tax free. They were called as ‘Agraharas’. Similarly, in this period the civil and military officers were granted land grants instead of salaries. The roots of feudal system, an important feature of the mediaeval period lie in this system. It is believed that this feudal economy brought about the decline of urban centres. Because of revenue tax exemption on the donated land, the revenue decreased and royal treasures depleted. It was concentrated in the hands of local landlords. Because of this the king no longer remained in the centre of power.
(2) Every tide of Huna invasion made the Gupta rule weaker.
Answer – During the period of Kumargupta, son of Chandragupta II, the Huna invasions in India began. Kumaragupta withheld the attacks of Hunas. After Kumaragupta, the succeeding kings proved to be incapable of protecting their kingdom. Finally their kingdom was disintegrated into many small kingdoms.
Q.3 State your opinion.
Samudragupta performed Asvamedha sacrifice after Digvijaya.
Answer – King Samudragupta was the most brilliant, valiant and benevolent ruler of this dynasty.
Samudragupta’s ambition was to rule entire India as an unified empire. His title ‘Sarvarajochchheta’ on his coins, which means, ‘the annihilator of all kings’ proves this. Samudragupta first conquered neighbouring kingdoms. After the conquest in the North, he carried out expedition in the South to conquer the Southern kingdoms. During that period, the rule of Vakatakas was strong in southern region. Samudragupta could include the southern part upto the region of Kanchi under his dominance, except the Vakatakas. The rulers of the regions beyond his conquered area became his feudatories. By obtaining tribute from these kings, he made them accept his sovereignty.
After this great conquest (Digvijay), Samudragupta performed Ashwamedha sacrifice and proclaimed himself as Chakravarti king. Shakas, Kushanas, and kings in Sri Lanka accepted the suzerainty of the Guptas. The image of Samudragupta playing a lyre (Veena) on his coins indicates that he was a patron of art. Chandragupta II defeated Shakas and ascended the throne. He took up the title ‘Vikramaditya’. He established his rule in the western regions of Malwa, Gujarat, and Kathewar. Due to this the areas on west coast also came under the dominance of the Guptas and they entered into the trade carried out in the west. Later Chandragupta crossed Hindukush and brought the north-western provinces under his control. In this manner he established a sovereign state encompassing the entire north India. He gave his daughter, Prabhavati, in marriage to the Vakataka king Rudrasena II and created congenial relations with the Vakatakas in the south.
Q.4 Write Short notes.
(1) Gupta Sculpture
Answer – The prosperity is reflected in contemporary sculptural art and literature.
Political stability in the Gupta period, prosperity and royal patronage gave impetus to the creation of Sanskrit literature. One of the best creations in Indian literature of this period is Kalidasa’s ‘Shakuntalam’. Human figures gained prime importance in the sculptural art of Gupta period. Human sculptures and images of deities were created during this period. Sculptures belonging to this period are found at many places such as Sarnath, Devgadh, Ajanta. During this period, Hindu, Buddhist and Jain religious icons were made of stone, metals and terracotta. During this period, the foundation of Indian temple architecture was laid down. Use of dressed stones became common during this period. The earliest remains of temples of Gupta period are found in places like Sanchi, Bhumra, and Deogadh. These are a few examples of the Gupta style of architecture.
(2) Indo-Roman Trade
Answer – The Periplus of Erythrean Sea written in Greek language in the mid 1st century C.E., mentions about the Red Sea and the sea routes connecting coastal line, ports, provinces, goods exchanged in trade. Red Sea was important for trade relations between India and Rome. Among the trading commodities textile, black pepper, precious stones, ivory and animals such as monkey, parrot and peacock for the entertainment of the Roman elites came to be exported from India. Gold coins were paid in exchange of these goods. Coral and liquor were also imported. The remains of Amphorae are found in the excavations. Residues at the base of the amphora, revealed remains of wines. Amphoras were also used for storing olive oil and garom (pickled fish). The price of the goods exported to Roman market was paid in gold coins. The large amounts of these coins found in South India gives an idea of the extensive scale of this trade. The flourishing Indo-Roman trade gave rise to several markets and cities. There was rise of important ports in western India as well. The merchandise transported to Maharashtra were stored at Ter, Nevasa, Bhokardan, Kondapur, and Sannati. The ports of Sopara and Kalyan were important centres of Indo-Roman trade. Excavations at the archaeological sites have brought forth the evidence of trade in the form of Roman pottery (amphorae) and red ware. The replicas of Roman coins are also found in the excavations. In South India, along with increase in trade the Buddhist centres were established at places such as Dharnikot, Amaravati and Nagarjunikonda.
Q.5 Answer the following question with the help of given points.
How did the standardisation in various sections during the Gupta period take place?
a.) division of Gupta administration
Answer – The Gupta period is considered as the Classical Age of Indian history.
During the Gupta period, king was the centre of administration. The Prince, Amatya (ministers) and advisors helped him. Many times, the Prince was appointed as Viceroy who looked after the provincial administration. Every province was subdivided. These subdivisions were called ‘Vishaya’. There was an independent administrator appointed on these Vishayas. They were known as ‘Vishayapati’. ‘Kumaramatya’ were the provincial officers and ‘Ayuktak’ were the officials who looked after the affairs of the districts. Gupta administration was decentralized. Many decisions were taken at the local level.
The Gupta kings changed the economic structure of agricultural system. Their preference was on giving the land to local farmers for tilling. Land donations were also made for the cause of religion and learning. These lands were tax free. They were called as ‘Agraharas’. Similarly, in this period the civil and military officers were granted land grants instead of salaries. The roots of feudal system, an important feature of the mediaeval period lie in this system. It is believed that this feudal economy brought about the decline of urban centres. Because of revenue tax exemption on the donated land, the revenue decreased and royal treasures depleted. It was concentrated in the hands of local landlords. Because of this the king no longer remained in the centre of power.
b.) changes in economic structure economy of agriculture
Answer – The Gupta kings changed the economic structure of agricultural system. Their preference was on giving the land to local farmers for tilling. Land donations were also made for the cause of religion and learning. These lands were tax free. They were called as ‘Agraharas’. Similarly, in this period the civil and military officers were granted land grants instead of salaries. The roots of feudal system, an important feature of the mediaeval period lie in this system. It is believed that this feudal economy brought about the decline of urban centres. Because of revenue tax exemption on the donated land, the revenue decreased and royal treasures depleted. It was concentrated in the hands of local landlords. Because of this the king no longer remained in the centre of power.
c.) Development of Gupta coinage
Answer – Minerals, animals and herbs were the main commodities of trade that brought prosperity during Gupta period. Goldsmiths enjoyed a high social status in this period. The gold coins during Gupta period are excellent examples of their skills. Beautiful and realistic portrayal of various aspects of the king is characteristic of Gupta coins. ‘Nigam’, ‘Shreni’ and ‘Gana’ like Organisations were established by traders and industrialists. Till the Gupta period, many foreign communities, came and settled in India. They were accepted in the social system.
For more update follow net explanations page