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Class – 7
Chapter 8
Eighteenth-Century Political Formations
F.M. 30
SECTION -A
Q1.) Write True or False: (1X5=5)
i.) By 1765 the British had control over large parts of eastern India.
ii.) Aurangzeb died in 1706.
iii.) Nobles appointed Subadars and controlled revenue offices.
iv.) Afghan ruler Ahmed Shah Abdali invaded India 5 times.
v.) Rajput kings of Amber and Jodhpur served under the Mughals.
Q2.) Fill in the blanks: – (1X5=5)
i.) __________ of Jodhpur held the governorship of Gujarat.
ii.) The _________ contains many water bodies inside it.
iii.) _________ was the governor of Agra for 12 years.
iv.) The Khalsa rose in revolt against the Mughal authority under _________.
v.) The Sikhs organized themselves into a number of bands called __________.
SECTION – B
Q3.) Very Short Answer Type Questions: – (1X6=6)
i.) Which items were looted from the Mughal treasury by Nadir Shah.
ii.) Which two Mughal emperors were assassinated by the nobles.
iii.) Which Rajput king was the governor of Malwa?
iv.) Which Guru of the Sikhs fought against the Rajput and Mughal rulers.
v.) Who was Shivaji?
vi.) Who were the Jats?
SECTION -C
Q4.) Short Answer Type Questions: – (2X3=6)
i.) Who was Surajmal?
ii.) Define Chauth and Sardesmukhi.
iii.) Why did the peasants and zamindars rebel against the Mughal Empire?
SECTION: D
Q5 Long Answer Type Questions: – (2X2=4)
i.) Who were the Peshwas?
ii.) In which way the Sikhs consolidated themselves in the 18th century?
SECTION: E
Q 6.In the given map of India mark the area under British control in mid-18th century (1X4=4)
Answer Sheet
SECTION -A
Q1. Write True or False:
i.) True
ii.) False
iii.) True
iv.) True
v.) True
Q2.) Fill in the blanks:
i.) Raja Ajit Singh
ii.) The Chittorgarh Fort
iii.) Raja Jai Singh
iv.) Banda Bahadur
v.) the Jathas
SECTION – B
Q3.) Very Short Answer Type Questions:
i.) Items like one crore worth goldware, fifty crores worth of jewels, the Peacock throne etc were looted from the Mughal treasury by Nadir Shah.
ii.) Mughal emperors Farrukh Siyar (1713-1719) and Alamgir II (1754-1759) were assassinated by a group of nobles.
iii.) Sawai Raja Jai Singh of Amber was governor of Malwa.
iv.) Guru Gobind Singh fought against the Rajput and Mughal rulers.
v.) Shivaji (1627-1680) was a Maratha king who opposed the Mughal rule and created a stable Maratha kingdom with the support of powerful warrior families.
vi.) The Jats were rich agriculturists who came into power during the late 17th and 18th centuries under the leadership of Churaman.
SECTION -C
Q4. Short Answer Type Questions: –
i.) Surajmal was a powerful Jat who brought the Kingdom of Bharatpur under his control. He gave refuge to many rich and important people from Delhi when Nadir Shah attacked the city of Delhi in 1739.
ii.) Chauth is a type of tax. The 25% of land revenue which was taken by the zamindars was known as the Chauth. In the Deccan area, the Chauth was collected by the Marathas.
Sardesmukhi- This is also a type of tax in which 9-10 % of the land revenue was paid to the head revenue collector in the Deccan area.
iii.) The peasants and the zamindars under the Mughal rule were burdened with huge amount of taxes. They fought against the rulers to avoid the pressure of increasing taxes. Sometimes, zamindars also revolted in order to increase their authority. The zamindars were able to cease the economic resources of the empire and slowly gain political control over large areas of land.
SECTION: D
Q5 Long Answer Type Questions:
i.) The Maratha kingdom was a powerful regional kingdom which rose after a continuous opposition of the Mughal rule. After the great Maratha ruler Shivaji died, the political control of the Maratha state shifted into the hands of the familyof the Chitpavan Brahmanas who was Shivaji’s successor and came to be known as the Peshwa (principal minister). Poona was the capital of Maratha kingdom under the Peshwas. The Peshwas successfully developed the Marathas into a powerful military organization. Between 1720 and 1761 the Peshwas increased Maratha control, took away Malwa and Gujarat from the Mughals and slowly became the lords of entire Deccan peninsula.
ii.) During 17th century the organization of the Sikhs became a political community. Their leaders like Guru Gobind Singh and Guru Nanak fought numerous battles against the Rajput and Mughal rulers. They formed an institution of the Khalsa in 1699 and became a sovereign rule. The Sikhs extended their administration between Sutlej and Yamuna. Under different powerful leaders the Sikhs formed organization called as Jathas and slowly increased their power, resisted different Mughal governors, took the control of Punjab and the Sarkar of Sirhind. They started their own coins in 1765 and took control of the territories from the Indus to the Yamuna. Maharaja Ranjit Singh united all the Sikh groups and formed his Kingdom in 1799.
SECTION: E
Q 6.In the given map of India mark the area under British control in mid-18th century.