Telangana SCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter 19 Solution – Post – War World and India. Here on this post we have provided Class 10 Social Science Post – War World and India Telangana State Board Solution. Telangana State Board English Class X Medium Students can download this Solution to Solve out Improve Your Learning Questions and Answers.
Telangana State Board Class 10 Social Science Chapter 19 Post – War World and India Solution:
1.) Choose the correct answer: Which among the following statement about the Cold War is wrong?
a) Rivalry between US and USSR.
b) USA and USSR engaged in directwar.
c) Triggering off an arms race.
d) An ideological war between the twosuper powers.
Ans: b) USA and USSR engaged in directwar.
2.) Who amongst the following is not involved in the West Asian crisis?
a) Egypt b) Indonesia c) Britain d) Israel
Ans: b) Indonesia
3.) What was the nature of shift in power in the world after the second world war?
Ans: The impact of the Second World War was different for different countries. The worst affected were the European countries, especially the USSR, Poland and Yugoslavia, which lost about 20% of its population. In economic terms too, the USSR and other European countries lost heavily with the destruction of cities, factories and mines on a massive scale.Far from the threats of the war, the industries and agriculture of USA actually prospered. This ensured full employment and high productivity in US during the Second World War. In March 1945, the US President, Harry Truman, said, ‘We have emerged from this War, the most powerful nation in the world – the most powerful nation, perhaps, in all history.’
The Second World War had been fought on the principles of peace, democracy and freedom of nations in contrast to the Nazi ideas of dictatorship and Imperialism. Thus, the first task was to establish a global organisation that would ensure peace and development in all nations. This led to the formation of the United Nations Organisation. Colonial powers like Britain and France could no longer justify their old colonial policies. They also had been politically and economically weakened vis a vis USA which was pressurising them to dismantle the old colonial system which gave the old colonial powers exclusive access to the colonies. The USSR was also emerging as a champion of anti-colonial struggles which in many places were led by Communist Parties inspired by the USSR. Under these conditions,old powers like Britain had no choice but to grant freedom to their old colonies.As these countries became free, they faced a world greatly torn between Capitalism and Communism, between USA and USSR – and were constantly under pressure to choose between the two rather than follow their own paths of development. They also got an opportunity to negotiate by playing one power against the other.
4.) What are the different roles played by United Nations in order to build peace in the world?
Ans: The UN started a twin objective of ensuring lasting peace and human development. At the same time, it recognised the autonomy of states and promised not to interfere in any internal affairs of a country except in cases mandated by serious human rights violation or threat to world peace.The UN works through six different organs. Each of these organs has specific functions like maintaining peace and security, improving education and health facilities, alleviating poverty, providing justice in the context of international crimes and so on. Some bodies responsible for these functions include International Court of Justice located in Hague; the World Health Organisation located at Geneva, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation functioning from Paris, and United Nations Children’s Fund functioning from New York.UN has forced the great powers to exercise moderation and self-control. The special powers also have given the great powers a special role and responsibility in preserving world peace. While the UN has been doing commendable work in the area of education, health, cultural exchange and protection of heritage, it has been less successful in preventing wars. It has often been held hostage to the ambitions of the super-powers who seek control over the world.
5.) Given the idea of democracy, do you think a few countries should have special powers in making the decisions?
Ans: At the time of its establishment, UN had membership of 51 countries and today (2016 ) there are 193 countries. As countries liberated themselves from colonial powers in the decade that followed, they joined UN. The UN works through six different organs. Each of these organs has specific functions like maintaining peace and security, improving education and health facilities, alleviating poverty, providing justice in the context of international crimes and so on.The General Assembly is the main body where regular discussions between nations take place. However, decisions relating to war and peace are taken in the Security Council and five nations have special status within it. These are called permanent members of the Security Council and they are: China, France, United Kingdom; USSR (now Russia) and USA. Any decision taken by the Council can be vetoed (made invalid or rejected) by the intervention of even any one of thesecountries. Often the great powers themselves involved in many of the conflicts used their veto power to block any action by the UNO. Sometimes, they have also used their power to force the UN to bend to their dictates. However, the very existence of a forum like UN has forced the great powers to exercise moderation and self-control. The special powers also have given the great powers a special role and responsibility in preserving world peace.
6.) How were the super powers benefited by military alliances?
Ans: The alliances helped the super powers which wanted to expand their influence to gain access to:
– the vital resources like oil and minerals
– markets for their products and places to safely invest their capital
– military bases to launch their troops and weapons
– spread their ideology and
– gain economic support, to pay huge military expenses
7.) How did Cold War produce arms race as well as arms control?
Ans: Two major ideological and political camps emerged in the post war period – the Communist block led by the USSR and the Democratic-Capitalist Block led by the USA. On one hand, the USSR promoted the ideas of equality and state controlled development and suppression of opposition to these principles. On the other hand, USA promoted the ideas of multiparty democracy and private capitalist controlled process of development. The USSR had the entire Eastern Europe (Poland, Hungary, and East Germany) under its influence and many colonies which were gaining freedom like China and Vietnam were closely aligned to it.It was a war in which the principal contenders did not physically attack each other or fight each other directly and hence, there was no ‘hot’ war. Instead, a War was fought behind closed doors through propaganda and words. It is called the Cold War simply because of the absence of a real fight as in traditional wars. This Cold War, characterised by intense tension between the United States and the USSR, influenced and shaped almost everything that happened in the world between 1945 and 1991.
Both the USSR and USA spent huge amounts of money to conduct research into weapons and build arsenals of devastating nuclear arms and missiles which could strike across continents. The two countries together had enough nuclear arms to destroy the entire earth many times over. Gradually their allies like Britain, France and China too built nuclear arsenals.As the rival powers accumulated destructive weapons, the world was constantly threatened by a nuclear holocaust. People of all countries lived in constant fear of war. There were many moments when nuclear war between the two countries seemed imminent, but got defused somehow through diplomacy. Some of these were the incidents relating to the shooting down of U2 US spy plane over USSR, the discovery of Soviet missile build up in Cuba and several times during the Korean and Middle East wars.
8.) Why did West Asia become a center of tensions in the world?
Ans: West Asia refers to the region towards the west of Asia. The term ‘Middle East’ is also used to describe this area. The conflicts that developed between Arabs and Jews are often described as the West Asian Crisis. It was mainly related to the occupation of Palestine. Palestine, which was inhabited by Arabs, was under the control of Britain before Second World War. Jerusalem, which is a holy city for Jews, Christians and Muslims alike, is situated in it. The Jews traditionally considered Palestine as their ‘Promised Land’ from where they had been exiled in ancient times and pushed across Europe and Asia. In Europe, they were a persecuted community as Christians considered them responsible for the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. The conflict came to a head in Germany under the Nazis when millions of Jews of Europe were jailed and killed. A movement had emerged among the Jews called the ‘Zionist Movement’ which called for uniting Jews spread across the world and to reclaim Palestine as their homeland and build a separate state for Jews. After 1945, this demand was supported by Western powers. However, since Palestinians (who were mostly Arab Muslims) were already living there, this became a bone of contention. Matters were also complicated by the discovery of massive oil reserves in the Middle East, especially in the Arabian peninsula. Both US and USSR wanted to bring this region under their sphere of influence and would not let the other country establish its control. In 1947, United Nations passed a resolution, according to which, Palestine was divided into two parts -Arab and Jewish States. In 1948, the British withdrew their troops from Palestine and Israel was created for Jews. The Arabs did not agree to giving up their homeland. The Arabs refused to recognise Israel as a legitimate state. The policies pursued by the state of Israel increased the bitterness. The Arabs were forced to leave their homes and properties and had to take shelter as refugees in the other Arab states.
9.) By the end of the 20th century, there is only one single power that dominates the world. Inthis context, what do you think would be the role of NAM?
Ans: – Cooperation among the member nations of NAM, most of them had newlyemerged as free countries.
– Growing Cold War tensions and its impact on the world at large.
– To prevent any of the newly decolonised independent countries from joiningany of the military blocks.
10.) “Formation of NAM was not merely in the context of military alliances but also in thecontext of economic policies”. Justify the statement.
Ans: Both USA and USSR were in possession of nuclear weapons but knew very well that neither would be a winner in a nuclear war. Yet, they formed military and strategic alliances – the west formalised its alliances in an organisation known as North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) in 1949. To counter this, Communist nations made similar alliances and signed the Warsaw Pact. In addition to this, U.S. established regional military and strategic alliances like South East Asian Treaty Organisation (SEATO) and Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO).The alliances helped the super powers which wanted to expand their influence to gain access to:
– the vital resources like oil and minerals
– markets for their products and places to safely invest their capital
– military bases to launch their troops and weapons
– spread their ideology and
– gain economic support, to pay huge military expenses
In 1950s, the world was getting increasingly militarised and divided into two antagonistic camps. The rivalries between the two super powers for military supremacy, ideological conflicts and rivalry to gain economic supremacy lead to the establishment of a bipolar world. Though this conflict did not leave much spacefor those who did not want to be involved in either of the blocks, there was an attempt to create one.So, in 1955, a conference was held at Bandung in Indonesia. It was the first Asio-African conference represented by 29 nations. The most important leaders of this conference were Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the then Prime Minister of India, Gamal Abdel Nasser, the leader of Egypt and Josip Broz Tito, the leader of Yugoslavia. Pt. Nehru was acknowledged as the chief spokesperson. It paved the way for Non Aligned Movement (NAM). The first Summit was the culmination of three major concerns:
– Cooperation among the member nations of NAM, most of them had newly emerged as free countries.
– Growing Cold War tensions and its impact on the world at large.
– To prevent any of the newly decolonised independent countries from joining any of the military blocks.
Over the years, the NAM helped countries like India to take an independent position when the two super powers fell apart and pulled countries to their side. It also helped the newly emerging countries to bargain for space and assistance from the super powers by playing one against the other. To some extent, it also helped to ease tensions amongst the NAM countries. Even though both the blocks looked at NAM with suspicion, the US regarded the NAM as being closer to the USSR on wider international issues. Its inaction in the case of Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. NAM was unable to effectively stop its own members from waging wars against each other. Thus, when Iran and Iraq were in a long war lasting seven or more years, NAM could do little about it. Despite these limitations, the NAM helped the newly independent nations assert their autonomy in international affairs in a world torn between the two super powers.
11.) Draw a table to show the relations between India and its neighbouring countries with regard to the following items: issues of conflict; events of war; events of help and cooperation.
Ans:
Name of countries |
Issues of conflict | Events of war | Events of help | Events of cooperation |
Pakistan | Capturing Kashmir | Enemies | Natural calamities and disasters |
No cooperation. |
Bangladesh |
Ganga-Brahmaputra river flow | It helped them to gain freedom | There was war with Pakistan | Good |
Sri Lanka | Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
issue |
Neutral perspective | To solve Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam’s issue |
Normal |
China |
Border of Tibet | Enemies | Wanted UNO’s veto power |
Good |
12.) “The ethnic conflicts affected India’s relations with Sri Lanka”. Justify.
Ans: Sri Lanka is an island country situated in the Indian Ocean towards the south of India. It got its freedom in 1948. Since times immemorial, India and Sri Lanka. have cultural, ethnic and economic relations. Both were decolonised almost at the same time and remain democratic till to day. A major irritant in the relation between the two countries has been the treatment of Tamil speaking minorities by the Sri Lankan government. You have read about this in class IX – recall the discussion. The large scale influx of Sri Lankan Tamil refugees into India posed a special problem. This led to a more active intervention by India which entered into an agreement with Sri Lanka and the Tamil militants to maintain peace on the island. You have also read earlier about India sending its armies to keep peace in Sri Lanka and the assassination of former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi by Tamil militants. Eventually India decided not to interfere when the Sri Lankan government began an all out war against the Tamil militants which caused immense bloodshed and violation of human rights. This enabled Sri Lanka to finally bring a cessation of military conflict on the island.
13.) Locate the following on the map of the world.
i) Poland ii) USSR iii) Vietnam iv) Spain v) Latin America vi) Afghanisthan
14.) Observe the graph-2 of page 284 and answer the following.
i) Which country’s Military expenditure is high?
Ans: India
ii) What do you observe in the military expenditures of the two countries as percent of GDP?
Ans: The military expenditure of India was 2 percent higher than Pakistan.