Telangana SCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter 4 Solution – Climate of India. Here in this post we have provided Class 10 Social Science Climate of India Telangana State Board Solution. Telangana State Board English Class X Medium Students can download this Solution to Solve out Improve Your Learning Questions and Answers.
Telangana State Board Class 10 Social Science Chapter 4 Climate of India Solution:
1.) Read the following statements and findout whether they are an example ofweather or climate
a) During the last few years, many glaciers have melted in Himalayas.
Ans: climate
b) During the last few decades, drought in Vidarbha region has increased.
Ans: weather
2.) Describe India’s climate controls.
Ans: India’s climate controls are:
1.) Latitude or distance from the equator – The average temperatures for the year drops as you go further away from the equator. For this reason, we divide the regions on Earth as:
- Tropical, as those close to the Equator; • Polar, as those close to the poles; • Temperate, as those in between these two extremes.
2.) Land water relationship – The amount of sunlight that is first absorbed and then radiated back or directly reflected depends on the nature of the surface. Darker areas such as heavily vegetated regions, tend to be good absorbers; lighter areas, such as snow and ice-covered regions, tend to be good reflectors. The ocean absorbs and loses heat more slowly than land. This affects climate in many ways. One of this is the formation of land and sea breezes.
3.) Altitude – Temperature decreases as altitude increases. Hence, hills and mountains will have lower temperature than locations on the plain. Therefore, relief or altitude of a region influences the climate of the area. Several hill stations of the Himalayan region like Shimla, Gulmarg, Nainital and Darjeeling as places that have a cool climate even during the peak summer months. Similarly, Kodaikanal and Udagamandalam (Ooty) have cooler climate compared to places near the coast.
4.) Upper atmospheric circulation – In the northern hemisphere, subtropical high pressure belt gives rise to permanent winds. They blow toward the equatorial low pressure belt by reflecting towards the west and are called trade winds. The German word ‘trade’ means ‘track’ and stands for blowing steadily in the same direction and in a constant course. India lies in the belt of dry north-east trade winds.
3.) Write a short note on factors influencing climatic variations in hilly area sand deserts.
Ans: Temperature decreases as altitude increases. This happens because of altitudes. Hence, hills and mountains will have lower temperature than locations on the plain. Therefore, relief or altitude of a region influences the climate of the area.
In the northern hemisphere, subtropical high pressure belt gives rise to permanent winds. They blow toward the equatorial low pressure belt by reflecting towards the west and are called trade winds. The German word ‘trade’ means ‘track’ and stands for blowing steadily in the same direction and in a constant course. India lies in the belt of dry north-east trade winds.
4.) How are human activities contributing to global warming?
Ans: Keeping us warm is one of the most important things that the atmosphere does for us. It is like a light, but effective, blanket enveloping Earth. The atmosphere traps a lot of solar energy that reaches the Earth by preventing it from totally escaping back into space. This is called Green House Effect. This is important and vital for life to survive on this planet. If the Earth did not have this atmosphere, it would be very cold indeed. Earlier, cycles of cooling and warming happened over very long periods of time. This allowed most of the life on Earth the time to adapt to the changes. The problem now is that the heating is much more rapid and could lead to catastrophic changes. Much of the warming that has been occurring since the Industrial Revolution is because of human activities. Hence, the current global warming trend is called AGW (Anthropogenic Global Warming; anthropogenic means caused by humans).More recently, scientists are discovering large volumes of methane under the frozen tundras of the far northern latitudes (mainly in the vast expanses of northern Russia). As global temperature increases, the ice in the tundra melts more. The methane that is trapped under the ice escapes into the atmosphere, increasing the global temperatures. In turn, this causes even more ice to melt, releasing even more methane and so on. Methane is said to be even more powerful than Carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas.One of the human activities that contribute to global warming is deforestation.
5.) What are the disagreements between ‘developed’ and ‘developing’ countries about AGW?
Ans: There are disagreements between the ‘developed’ countries (mainly industrialised, economically more advanced countries of the West) and ‘developing’ countries (countries that are not as industrialised). Developed countries want developing countries to cut down on burning coal and other activities that add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Developing countries argue that developed countries developed precisely by burning fossil fuels when they were developing. Developing countries say that their economic development will be seriously damaged if they don’t burn fossil fuels (mainly coal), and that developed countries should do their fair share of work to help find alternatives that can help the developing countries to progress
6.) How is climate change causing global warming? Suggest measures to minimise the influence of the global warming.
Ans: Though a rise of 20 C in average temperature may appear to be small, it would result in a rise of one meter in sea levels by early next century. This would affect large portions of our coastal areas and millions of people would have to be shifted. They would lose their livelihood.
Nearly 200 squatter families living in Nonadanga in east Kolkata for the past few years are in the process of being evicted by the Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Many of the families came to Kolkata in search of work, after the ‘Aila super-cyclone’ ravaged Sundarbans in 2009. On March 30, the slum was bulldozed amid heavy police presence and some hutments were set on fire.
The recurrent thunderstorms over the past few days have meant sleepless and soiled nights for nearly 700 people who have been rendered homeless. They work as house helps, rickshaw pullers and construction labourers. The other effect would be on rainfall. This is likely to be more erratic and lead to greater imbalances: some places are likely to receive excess rainfall whereas others would get less than normal. Hence droughts and floods are expected to increase. This would affect the agriculture pattern and people’s livelihood to a great extent.
The faster melting of Himalayan glaciers would disturb the livelihood of fresh water fisher folk as their natural habitat of fish is affected. Similarly, freak weather conditions that you read about are likely to increase. Climate change is something that happens at a global level. Therefore, it affects all of us.
Measures to prevent Global warming:
i) Planting of more trees, and promoting afforestation.
ii) Less release of CO2 and CFCs in the atmosphere.
iii) Stop cutting of trees and stopping deforestation.
7.) Observe the following climograph and answer the following questions.
A.) Which month received the highest rainfall?
Ans: August
B.) Which months experience the highest and the lowest temperature?
Ans: April has highest temperature, and December has lowest temperature.
C.) Why does the maximum amount of rainfall happen between June andOctober?
Ans: June and October.
D.) Why is the temperature high between March and May?
Ans: Because of extreme heat waves.
E.) Identify relief conditions causing variation in temperature and rainfall
Ans: Due to altitude the temperature decreases with the increase of height in the hilly areas, as compared to sea-level areas in the ground level. This results in, increased rainfall in the mountain areas as the pressure is high and temperature in extremely less.
8.) Read the 4th para of page 54, i.e. “Earlier cycles of ………….. because of human activities” and comment on it.
Ans: Earlier, cycles of cooling and warming happened over very long periods of time. This allowed most of the life on Earth the time to adapt to the changes. The problem now is that the heating is much more rapid and could lead to catastrophic changes. Much of the warming that has been occurring since the Industrial Revolution is because of human activities. Hence, the current global warming trend is called AGW (Anthropogenic Global Warming; anthropogenic means caused by humans). AGW is causing many changes in the distribution of heat in the Earth system.AGW disturbs this and the re-distribution system. The disturbance itself is not so much of a problem. It is the rapidity with which it is happening.When the redistribution system is disrupted, weather and climate patterns change. Long-term changes (climatic changes) happen from accumulations of short-term changes (weather changes).