Telangana SCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter 12 Solution – World Between the World Wars. Here in this post we have provided Class 10 Social Science World Between the World Wars Telangana State Board Solution. Telangana State Board English Class X Medium Students can download this Solution to Solve out Improve Your Learning Questions and Answers.
Telangana State Board Class 10 Social Science Chapter 12 World Between the World Wars Solution:
1.) Make a table to show allies, axis and central powers,participated with following countries on different sides ofthe world wars: Austria, USSR (Russia), Germany, Britain,Japan, France, Italy, USA.
Ans:
WORLD WAR I |
Allies | Central Power |
Austria – Hungary | |
Britain | Bulgaria |
France | Germany |
Russia | Ottoman Empire Turkey |
WORLD WAR II |
Allies | Axis power |
United States of America | Japan |
USSR | Germany |
Britain | Italy |
France |
2.) How did the idea of nation states and nationalism influencedesire for war during World Wars?
Ans: The ideology of nationalism was a positive impulse. Many newly formed modern nations were created in Europe because of people’s strong feeling of nationalism. It was also the force behind the unification of Germany and Italy. But this ideology created pride in these nations and hatred against the neighbouring countries. Italian Fascism and National Socialism of German Nazis were the other forms of aggressive nationalism in destructive mode from 1923. Fascists promoted aggressive nationalism and the image of victorious Germany ruling over the world. They also mobilized the Germans against the other nations of Europe.
3.) Write a short note on various causes of two World Wars. Do you think anyof these features are prevalent even today in countries around the world?How?
Ans: Aggressive Nationalism – The ideology of nationalism was a positive impulse. Many newly formed modern nations were created in Europe because of people’s strong feeling of nationalism. It was also the force behind the unification of Germany and Italy. But this ideology created pride in these nations and hatred against the neighbouring countries. Italian Fascism and National Socialism of German Nazis were the other forms of aggressive nationalism in destructive mode from 1923. Fascists promoted aggressive nationalism and the image of victorious Germany ruling over the world. They also mobilized the Germans against the other nations of Europe.
Imperialism – With the growth of industrial capitalism, European countries like Britain, Germany and US needed to access raw materials and markets for their products. They wanted to invest their growing capital in the colonies. Thus, by the end of the 19th century there was a race for colonies between the European powers. The newly emerged industrial powers (like Germany and Italy) wanted to re-divide the colonies but the old industrial powers were not ready for this. This created a lot of tension often leading to wars.
Secret Alliances – After defeating France in 1870, Bismarck (a German Chancellor who led unification of Germany.), the German Chancellor, wanted to isolate France. He made a secret alliance with Austria in 1879 and Italy and Austria in 1882.Hence it was called Triple Alliance . France made a mutual alliance with Russia in 1891 and with Britain in 1904. To protect itself, Russia, France and Britain formed their Triple Entente in 1907.The Triple Alliance led by Germany and the Triple Entente made the European powers jealous and suspicious of one another. Instead of real peace, these alliances created an atmosphere of fear and ‘armed peace’ in Europe.
Militarism – Militarism is the belief that military power is the best way to ensure security and to solve problems. The military expenditure of the six powerful countries (viz. Germany, Russia, Austria, Italy, France and Britain) increased by over three times, i.e. from £ 132 million to £ 397 million during the years from 1880 to 1914. There are three important things in the context of militarism. Firstly, all these countries had built massive standing armies for their defence. Secondly, they competed with each other in increasing their military weapons. They encouraged people to support wars. Thirdly, a large industry of weapons emerged which constantly promoted the idea of using war as a solution to diplomatic problems.
4.) Russian revolution brought in many changes in their society. What were they?And what challenges did they face?
Ans: The experience of the USSR inspired people all over the world especially those who were committed to the ideals of equality and national liberation. These peoplenow became communists and tried for a communist evolution in their countries. Many Indian leaders like MN Roy, Rabindranath Tagore and Jawaharlal Nehru were also inspired by it even though they did not agree with many aspects of communism like suppression of opposition political parties. Many people were also horrified by the violence used by USSR to suppress opposition and denial of multiparty democracy and freedom in the USSR. George Orwell wrote his famous satiric novel ‘Animal Farm’ to highlight how the ideals of Russian Revolution were suffering in USSR. Leaders such as Lenin established the Comintern in March 1918 to help bring together a world government that would end exploitation. The Comintern and the Soviet Union supported communist parties around the world. But they followed the traditional Marxist idea that only the working class in the cities could bring a revolution.
5.) Compare different points of view about Great Depression, which one wouldyou agree with? Why?
Ans: The Great Depression began around the end of 1929 and lasted almost till 1939 when the Second World War started. During this decade, the economy declined worldwide because of a decline in demand and fall in prices. Factories were closed because the demand was low. Since the goods were manufactured in limited quantity, the prices increased. Because of expensive goods, people’s purchasing power reduced. So the demand for goods further went down. This cyclical effect caused massive unemployment. The real incomes of ordinary people as well as governments across the world also declined. Initially a stock market collapsed in the US, but very soon it affected almost every country.
Economists and politicians have discussed the causes of this decline, ways to get over it and possible ways of preventing it from happening again. Marxist economists argued that this kind of crises happened because of capitalism. They also thought that it could be prevented by the establishment of socialism. On the other hand, economists like JM Keynes argued that the state is responsible to keep the economy going. If it fails to do so, it can lead to situations of depression. Keynes argued that during economic decline, when demand decreases, the state should invest funds and generate employment which will help people to earn money and demand goods in the market. This generation of demand through state action will help the economy to revive.
I would agree with Kayne, as what he said was true. According to him, the country was responsible for its own downfall by not taking account of the demand and supply around the country and the non-responsive attitude of the government of all the capitalist countries towards the economy of the country.
6.) In what ways were Jews persecuted during the Nazi Germany? Do you thinkin every country some people are differentiated because of theiridentity?
Ans: Hitler mobilized his supporters by promising to establish the racial supremacy of Aryans (Germans) over the world. He also targeted minority communities like Jews, Gypsies etc, as the main cause of all problems. Since the Gypsies were nomadic and some Jews owned pawn shops and lent money, many middle class Germans could be turned against them. He also attacked Communism and Capitalism terming both of them as Jewish conspiracies. He promised to build a strong state which would fight with both of them. He appealed especially to the middle class who felt threatened by capitalism and the Great Depression.On 3rd March 1933, the famous Enabling Act was passed. This Act established dictatorship in Germany. It gave Hitler all powers to sideline Parliament and rule by his order. All political parties and trade unions were banned except for the Nazi Party and its affiliates. The state established complete control over the economy, media, army and judiciary. Special surveillance and security forces were created to control and order society in ways that the Nazis wanted. Apart from the already existing regular police in green uniform and the SA or the Storm Troopers, they also formed the Gestapo (secret state police), the SS (the protection squads), criminal police and the Security Service (SD). These extraconstitutional powers of these newly organised forces gave the Nazi state its reputation as the most dreaded criminal state. Gestapo had the authority to stop and detain people to torture chambers, round up and send them to concentration camps. They could also deport anyone at will or arrest people without any legal procedures. The police forces acquired complete powers to rule. These powers were used to arrest and torture millions of political activists, trade unionists and people of minority communities, especially the Jews. They did all this to build a state of horror and fear.
Under the shadow of the Second World War, Germany had started a genocidal war. In this war, the mass murder of selected groups of innocent civilians of Europe took place. The number of Jews killed included: about 60,000,000.
Yes, I still believe that every country some people are differentiated because of their identity.
7.) List the measures taken under idea of welfare state under GreatDepression.
Ans: i) Welfare benefits were given to the handicapped and needy children in families without fathers. It established the framework for the U.S. welfare system.
ii) In fact, Great Britain had taken the lead in this direction even before the Depression when the war was still on. These basically consisted of unemployment insurance and old age pension schemes.
iii) Towards the end of the Second World War, Britain also adopted many social security measures like unemployment doles, sickness coverage, health schemes, child care etc.
iv) All this made up the idea of a Welfare State, a state which ensured a basic minimum dignified life for all citizens. It also took care of their most elementary needs like food, housing, health, child and old age care and education. The state had taken on the responsibility of providing employment to the able bodied citizens. In this way, the state tried to reduce the effects of the ups and downs of market based capitalism
8.) What challenges were faced by Germany during Great Depression and howdid Nazi rulers and Hitler make use of it?
Ans: German economy faced severe crisis after the war. It was under the burden of paying war damages etc. The German Government began to print currency notes on a large scale and this resulted in excessive inflation. It is said that people had to carry currency in carts to buy one loaf of bread. The German economy was the worst hit by the Depression. By 1932, industrial production was reduced to 40 per cent of its 1929 level. Workers lost their jobs or were paid reduced wages. More than 6 million people were unemployed. On the streets of Germany, you could see men with placards around their necks saying, ‘Willing to do any work’. Unemployed youths played cards or simply sat at street corners, or desperately queued up at the local employment exchange. As there were very few jobs, the youth took to criminal activities and there was total despair in society. The economic crisis created deep anxieties and fears in people. The savings of middle classes, especially salaried employees and pensioners, diminished when the currency lost its value. Small businessmen, the self-employed and retailers suffered losses as their businesses got ruined. These sections of society were filled with the fear of pauperisation, an anxiety of being reduced to the categories of the working class, or worse still, the unemployed.
In such a situation, Nazi Party’s propaganda gave some hopes of a better future. Hitler was the unquestioned leader of the Nazi party. In 1928, the Nazi Party had got less than 2. 6 per cent votes in the Reichstag – the lower house of the German parliament. But by 1932, it had become the largest party in Germany with 37 per cent votes. Hitler came to power and immediately took steps to establish an undemocratic and autocratic rule. He stopped the working of all democratic institutions like Parliament. This included arbitrary arrest of political opponents, especially the Communists and putting them in concentration camps.
9.) Read the para 1 of page 170i.e; “This started a great experiment ……… language,etc” and write your opinion on it.
Ans: Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924) was the leader of the Bolsheviks. Bolsheviks were able to get the support of the Soviets because they demanded for immediate and unconditional peace. They also demanded that all the land should be nationalized and redistributed to the peasants. Bolsheviks wanted control over prices and nationalisation of all factories and banks. The Soviets under the Bolshevik leadership seized power from the Provisional Government in OctoberNovember 1917. They immediately took steps to end the war and redistributed land. Russia could not return to complete peace because a civil war was started. This war was led by White armies of Russian monarchists and anti- communist soldiers with help from Britain, France, USA and Japan. They were all defeated by 1920. The Bolsheviks also announced the end of the Russian empire and permitted the various nations under it to become independent. However, gradually most of the nations that came under the empire of the Tsar agreed to join the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) which was set up by the Soviet government of Russia in 1922.
This started a great experiment of building a country without exploiters like feudal lords, kings or capitalists. The USSR tried to build a society that was industrialised and modern and yet did not have inequality or exclusion of people on the basis of birth, gender, language, etc.
The experience of the USSR inspired people all over the world especially those who were committed to the ideals of equality and national liberation. These peoplenow became communists and tried for a communist evolution in their countries. Many Indian leaders like MN Roy, Rabindranath Tagore and Jawaharlal Nehru were also inspired by it even though they did not agree with many aspects of communism like suppression of opposition political parties. Many people were also horrified by the violence used by USSR to suppress opposition and denial of multiparty democracy and freedom in the USSR. George Orwell wrote his famous satiric novel ‘Animal Farm’ to highlight how the ideals of Russian Revolution were suffering in USSR.
10.) Observe the map-2 of page 182 and answer the following questions.
i) Mention any two countries which are not under the control of Japan.
Ans: United States of America and Britain.
ii) Mention any two countries which are under the control of Japan and lyingon its western side.
Ans: Taiwan and Korea.
11.) Locate the following in the map of the world.
i) Germany ii) Italy iii) Austria iv) U.S.A. v) China vi) Russia
vii) Britain
Ans:
12.) Prepare a few slogans on the prevention of wars and promotion ofpeace.
Ans: “Wars = No Peace”
“Spread Peace Not War”