Selina Concise Class 10 Biology Chapter 16 Pollution – A Rising Environment Problem Solutions
Chapter 16
Pollution – A Rising Environment Problem
Progress check
(1) Solution
(i) Answer:- False
(ii) Answer:- True
(iii) Answer:- True
(iv) Answer:- True
(v) Answer:- True
(2) Answer:-
We can control the Vehicular air pollution by using following ways –
(1) Good quality automobile fuels
(2) Efficient engines
(3) Lead – free petrol
(4) More use of CNG (compressed natural gas)
(3) Answer:- Small scale industries which are the sources of air pollution are –
(1) Small scale pottery business
(2) Carpet weaving units
(4) Answer:- The examples of air pollutants gaseous are CO2, Co and SO2. Etc.
Progress Check
(1) Solution:-
(i) Answer:- False
(ii) Answer:- False
(iii) Answer:- True
(iv) Answer:- True
(v) Answer:- False
Progress Check
(1) Solution:
(i) Answer:- True
(ii) Answer:- false
(iii) Answer:- false
(iv) Answer:- true
(v) Answer:- true
(vi) Answer:- true
(vii) Answer:- False
Progress check
(1) Solution
(i) Answer:- False
(ii) Answer:- true
(iii) Answer:- true
(iv) Answer:- true
(A) MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE
(1) Answer:- (d) The dust raised during road-cleaning.
Dust is responsible for air pollution while the other options while the other are not responsible for the same reason.
(2) Answer:- (b) ozone
Ozone absorb ultraviolet radiation and hence it is an radiation pollutant.
(3) Answer:- (b) BS IV
It is the Bharat state fourth, which was introduced in the 2017.
(B) VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE
(1) Solution:-
(i) Answer:- the air pollutants which is mainly responsible for the acid rain is SO2.
(ii) Answer:- the two chemicals which are responsible for the formation of ozone holes are chlorofluorocarbon and bromochloro – difluorocarbons
(2) Solution:-
Answer:-
Column I |
Column II |
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) | Ozone depletion |
Fly ash | Industrial waste |
Cow dung | Biodegradable |
CO2 and methane | Global warming |
Sulphur dioxide | Acid rain |
Iodine -131 | Nuclear radiation pollutants |
(3) Fill in the blanks:
(i) Answer:- Rubber particles and dust raised by running motor vehicles are examples of vehicular air pollutants.
(ii) Answer:- Too frequent exposure to X – ray in a medical diagnostic techniques may damage Chromosomes.
(iii) Answer:- Thermal power plants give out a lot of hot waste water.
(iv) Answer:- Sewage is a liquid waste from Domestic activities.
(4) Answer:-
Biodegradable waste:-
Peel of vegetables and fruits, paper.
(C) SHORT ANSWER TYPE
(1) Solution:
(i) Answer:-
(1) When effluent throw out in the river, then water became polluted. And so many diseases happens like diarrhea, dysentery, Thyroid, cholera and jaundice.
(2) When Sewage released into rivers, the microorganisms present in the river decomposed it. Hence the quantity of oxygen (dissolved gas) in water gets low, hence the fishes and aquatic organisms may die.
(ii) Answer :-
(1) CO2 is a greenhouse gas. It is naturally present in atmosphere, but when CO2 level increases since the time from industrial revolution. The primary causes are deforestation, and its effects on air pollution also.
(2) Carbon dioxide is primarily pollutant. The effect of this highly complex. It effect on air pollution in climate change. Carbon dioxide also contributor to the acid rain with SO2. CO2 level increased in the atmosphere becomes difficult for breathing.
(iii) Answer :-
(1) DDT in high quantity is very dangerous for human health. It can cause suffering from vomiting, shakiness, seizures etc.
(2) DDT is also hazardous for insects like mice, rat, dogs, can cause chronic effects on liver, kidneys, and immune system.
(iv) Answer:-
(1) Radioactive and poisonous elements are used to spread the colour in the sky when crackers burst, which increase the risk of cancer.
(2) The crackers caused heart and nervous systems problems by air pollution and noise pollution.
(2) Answer:- sewage has following three Major constitution –
(1) Agricultural lands waste
(2) Sanitary waste
(3) Kitchen waste
(3) Answer:-
The common sources of oil spills are as follows –
(1) Shipping accidents – when oil tankers are involved in accidents, it can have a affect on the health of the ocean and it’s inhabitants.
(2) Explosion – an explosion at the site of an explosion that was being changed into production well caused gulf coast oil spill. It can cause small or massive oil leaks.
(3) Defective parts – malfunctioning of parts, poor maintained parts can also trigger oil leaks. If part of ship, oil ring, it also cause oil spill.
Affect on the sea life – fishes and other organisms living in the sea can suffer from serious problem after oil spills. The sea mammals, Birds, and can be killed if they injected the oil through food or water. Marine life Can be suffer from abnormalities in fertility problems. And other problems as cardiac, respiratory and immune systems can caused due to oil spills.
(4) Answer:-
(1) We can reduce noise pollution by keeping lower the volume, that means when we listen songs or radio on the speaker we should keep the volume down.
(2) We should not use Dolby sound or dj sound for more time or on high volume.
(3) Noise producing area like industrial area, airports, vehicles, these are away from residential areas, Because it is very dangerous to human being. Therefore mostly stay away from noisy area.
(5) Answer :-
“Swachh Bharat abhiyan” is cleanliness campaign. This campaign was launched on 2nd October 2014 by prime minister Narendra Modi, at Rajghat new Delhi. This campaign initiated to eliminate open defecation.
Objectives of this campaign:-
(1) To reduce open defecation. Because of it causes of deaths of children per year.
(2) To keep villages clear by management of solid and liquid waste.
(3) Individual and community toilets must constructed.
(D) DESCRIPTIVE TYPE
(1) Solution
(a) Answer:- It is defined as, the presence of harmful Substances in air, water and land which have adverse effect on living beings and on environment is called as pollution.
(b) Answer :- Any substance which is unwanted or discarded after primary use and of no use.
(c) Answer :- It is the type of environment pollution in which toxic substances present in atmosphere.
(d) Answer:- It is contamination if water due to pouring of oil, as a result of an accident or human error is called as oil spills.
(e) Answer:- Any substance which used to kill animals, fungi, or plants that causes economic damage to ornamental plants or harmful to health of domestic animals or human.
(g) Answer:- Noise is nothing but the unwanted loud sound.
(2) (a) Answer:-
Sewage |
Effluents |
Sewage is domestic waste water which is released through every daily human Household activities. | It is the liquid waste which is released form the industries and farms. |
(b) Answer :-
Biodegradable |
Non – biodegradable |
The biodegradable waste is that which can be degraded and recycled naturally. | These type of waste cannot be degraded by any biological process. |
(c) Answer:-
Smoke |
Smog |
Smoke contains more particles of pollutants which causes air pollution. | Smog included smoke and fog both. The air containing smog can cause severe breathing problems like asthma, and irritation of eyes. |
(E) STRUCTURED /APPLICATION/SKILL TYPE
(1) Answer:-
Fishes has been killed by number of reasons, as water quality reduced or water pollution. These contains following two possible causes –
(1) Industrial waste :-
Different industries released toxic compounds into a body of water. Thus toxic compounds are highly concentrated and these are lack of dissolved oxygen due to this a lot of fishes are dying near sea shore.
(2) Sewage:-
Domestic wastewater that is produced frim washing, toilet, bathing, kitchen, waste, etc. This liquid waste released into river or any water body. Therefore water gets polluted and number of fishes get killed.
(2) Solution:-
(i) Answer:- the pollution which is shown here is noise pollution.
(ii) Answer:- The source of noise pollution are –
Loudspeaker, Industrial, Machines, Workshops, Loud conservation, Trains, Vehicles horn etc.
(iii) Answer:-
The harmful effects of noise pollution are heart diseases and ear damage.
(3) Solution:-
(i) Answer:- the phenomenon explained over here is ozone layer depletion.
(ii) Answer:-
The sources which are responsible for the above mentioned phenomenon are hazardous gases released from the daily activities of human beings and pollution. CO2, CFCs, water vapour which are responsible for global warming and these leads finally to ozone layer depletion.
(iii) Answer:-
Ozone layer depletion is dangerous for human health because it increases ultraviolet radiations at earth. Eye cataracts, immune deficiency disorders and skin cancers are caused due to ozone layer depletion on humans.
(4) Solution-
(i) Answer:-
This campaign was launched on 2nd October 2014.
(ii) Answer:-
The main objective of these campaign is swachh Bharat abhiyan in which cleaning the roads, streets of villages town is main motive. While removing the garbage the road and building public toilet is also objective.
(5) Solution:-
(i) Answer:-
Here, Air pollution is shown. It is defined as the mixing it mixing of natural Air with harmful pollutants such as chemical fumes.
(ii) Answer:-
Gaseous pollution and particulates Pollution, these type of pollution is shown here .
(iii) Answer:-
Gaseous pollution and particulates Pollution, these type of pollution is shown here,
(1) Particulate pollution – it is made up to tiny particles of solids or liquids that are present in air. It contains dust, smoke, pollen, and liquid droplets.
(2) Gaseous pollution – gases are come from vehicles like car, truck, factories, wildfires, these type of solid and liquid particles released in air.
(iv) Answer:-
(1) Industrial pollution can be controlled by using pollution control devices to remove pollutants by absorbing, filtering.
(2) People’s can control the pollution by taking walk or using cycles, and public transport instead of car and another vehicles which causes pollution.
(6) Solution:
(i) Answer:- acid rain is shown over here.
It is defined as the deposition if a mixture from rain, cloud water and Acidic components.
(ii) Answer:- These are as follows –
(1) CO2 and other harmful gases are released from burning of garbage.
(2) Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide are run out from vehicles.
(3) Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, SO2 are contain smoke which released from chimneys of factory.
(4) Bricks formation sites also increase the air Pollution and damage the air quality by escaping toxic substances.
(iii) Answer:-
Acid rain causes the following harmful effects –
(1) Acid rain causes health problems in human.
(2) It is harmful for forest, plants etc.
(3) Acid rain is also causing huge effect on the Taj Mahal of Agra. As it is made up of white marble but due to acid rain and pollution nearby it is becoming yellowish.
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