Selina Concise Class 10 Biology Chapter 13 The Reproductive System Solutions
Chapter 13
The Reproductive system
PROGRESS CHECK
(1) Solution:-
Answer:- (iii) production of new individuals of the same kind.
(2) Solution:-
Answer:- (i) seminal vesicles
Seminal vesicles secrete the add up to seminal plasma that is rich in fructose, enzyme and calcium.
PROGRESS CHECK
(i) Answer:- True
(ii) Answer:- True
(iii) Answer:-False
(iv) Answer:- True
(v) Answer:- True
PROGRESS CHECK
(1) Solution:-
Answer:-
- The function of the human sperm is transport genetic information to the egg.
- The three man region of the human sperm is Head, Midpiece and tail.
- Head:-The large head region of the sperm that contain DNA.
- Midpiece:- The narrow middle part of the cell that contain mitochondria.
- Tail:- The final piece of the sperm which supports sperm to move forward.
(2) Name the following:
(i) Solution:-
Answer:-
(1) The seminal vesicles
(2) Prostate gland
(3) The Bulbo-urethral gland
(ii) Solution:-
Answer:- (1) Oestrogen
2) Progesterone
(iii) Solution:-
Answer:- (i) identical (monozygotic)
(ii) Praternal (dizygotic)
(iv) Solution:-
Answer:- (i) stratum functionalis
(ii) stratum basalis
(3) Solution:-
Answer:– The substances which foetus receives through placenta of the mother are oxygen, glucose, antibodies and mineral ions.
(4) Solution:-
Answer:- The placenta allows the substance to diffuse from mother to foetus and from foetus to mother, 5he carbon dioxide, urea, and other waste products are excreted or eliminated from foetus to mother through placenta.
(5) Solution:-
Answer:-
(i) Gestation:- In humans, the growth of an embryo in uterus for 280 days.
(ii) 280 day:- The normal gestation period of human is 280 days.
(iii) Head first:- During childbirth take place, it happens with the head of the body that comes out first.
(iv) Placenta:- Nutrition and oxygen to the foetus supplies placenta.
(v) After birth:- After birth indicate discharge which is given out through vagina after the child is born. It include placenta and the foetal membrane.
(vi) Tied and cut:- The umbilical cord, is tied and cut instantly as the child birth occurs.
(6) Solution:-
Answer:- No,
The foetus is given the oxygen through the placenta and the placenta is connected to the fetus with the umbilical cord. The umbilical cord has three blood vessels two arteries and one vein. The oxygen is supplied to the foetus from the blood.
(7) Mention if the following statements are True (T) or False (F):
(i) Answer:- True
(ii) Answer:- false
(iii) Answer:- True
(iv) Answer:- false
(8) Answers :-
The human female gonads are ovaries. A maturing egg in the ovary is present in a sac of cells called follicle__. As the egg grows larger, the enlarges and gets Filled with a fluid and is now called the __Graafin__ follicle. The process of releasing the egg from the ovary is called _ovulation. The ovum is picked up by the oviduct funnel and fertilization takes places in the oviduct. In about a weak the blastocyst gets fixed in the endometrium of the uterus and this process is called implantation.
Review Questions
(1) MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE
(Select the most appropriate option in each case)
(1) Answer:- (a) Epididymis…> vas deferens ….> urethra
(2) Answer:- (c) 14 days
Reason:- In the absence of pregnancy corpus letum to corpus olbicans and menstrual cycle which is about 28 days start which having three menstrual phase. 50 when pregnancy does not occur, the life of corpus luteum is about 14 days.
(3) Answer:- (d) about seven days .
Reason:- on six day following fertilization these initiates the process of implantation by the 7th to 10th day following implantation therefore in seven days, time after fertilization, does the fertilised egg get implanted in the uterine wall.
(4) Answer:- (a) energy
Reason:-sperm is a reproductive cell and it contain mitochondria which produces ATP and moment of sperm is only due to use in of energy therefore middle piece of sperm provides energy.
(5) Answer:- (c) 380 days
Reason :- Gestation period in the start from the days of conception until birth to the foetal devel therefore gestation period in human is 280 days.
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE
(1) Name the following:
(a) Answer:- Amniotic membrane
(b) Answer:- Inguinal
(c) Answer:- Endometrium
(d) Answer:- chorionic villi.
(2) Rewrite the terms in the correct order so as to be in a logical sequence.
(a) Answer:-
Ovulation ….> fertilization …..> Implantation …….> gestation …..> child birth.
(b) Answer:-
sperm …> sperm duct …> urethra ….> coitus ….> vagina ….> ovum
(c) Answer:-
Testes …> sperms ….> sperm duct …..> semen penis.
(d) Answer:-
Menarche …> puberty …> reproductive age …..> menstrual ….> menopause.
(e) Answer:-
Graafian follicle …..> ostiumà fallopian tube à uterus.
(3) Given appropriate terms for the following processes:
(a) Answer:- Menarche
(b) Answer:- Ovulation
(c) Answer:- Menstruation
(d) Answer:- fertilisation
(e) Answer:- Implantation.
(4) Match the items in column I with those in column II and write down the matching pairs (some may not match).
Answer:-
Column I Column II
(a) Acrosome ………. (v) Spermatozoa
(b) Gestation ………… (vii) Time taken by afertilised egg till the delivery of baby
(c) Menopause ………..(vi) complete stop page of menstrual cycle
(d) foetus ……………….. (i) An embryo which looks like human baby.
(e) Oogenesis ………… (iii) Ovum producing cells.
(f) Ovulation …………….. (ii) Luteinizing hormones
(5) Name the following:
(a) Answer:- scrotum
(b) Answer:- Seminiferous tubules
(c) Answer:- Graafian follicle
(d) Answer:- seminal vesicles
(e) Answer:- Epididymis
(6) Choose the odd one in each of the following:
(a) Answer:- Testosterone.
(b) Answer:- ureter
(c) Answer:- ovum
(d) Answer:- after birth
(e) Answer:- follicle
SHORT ANSWER TYPE
(1) (a) state whether the following statement are TRUE (T)or FALSE (F)
(i) Answer:- false
(ii) Answer:- false
(iii) Answer:- false
(b) Answer:-
(i) Fertilisation take place in the end of the fallopian tube.
(ii) Cervix, vagina and vulva along with the birth canal.
(iii) Nutrition and oxygen diffuse from the mother’s blood through the placenta.
(2) Complete the following table by writing the name of the structure or the function of the the given structure:
Answer:-
Structure |
Function |
Corpous luteum | secrete Progesterone to promote the preparation endometrium for implantation |
Testes | produces male Gametes in mass |
Leyding cells | Provide oxygen and nutrition to embryo. |
Oxytocin | Increases the force in uterine contraction |
Umbilical cord | Connects Placenta with foetus |
Fallopian tube | The site of fertilisation for the sperm and ovum. |
(3) Given below are the names of certain stages/substance related to reproduction and found in human body. Answer the question related to them.
(a) Foetus
- Answer:- It is contained in uterus.
- Answer:- In foetus, a growing egg after fertilization up to the main parts of the body and internal organs has started to take shape
(b) Hyaluronidase.
- Answer:- it is on enzyme.
- Answer:-The location of the sperm towards the egg by break down the wall of the ovum
(c) Morula.
- Answer:- The growth of human embryo mass of cell.
- Answer:- Blastocyst
(d) Amniotic fluid.
- Answer:- Amnion and embryo
- Answer:-(1) covered the embryo out of physical damage by mechanical shocks.(2) Conduct on even pressure all around the embryo.(3) Agree to the foetus some restricted movement.
(e) Placenta.
- Answer:- Allantois and villi
- Answer:- oxygen and amino acid
- Answer:- progesterone and oestrogen.
(f) Implantation.
- Answer:- Blastocyst.
- Answer:- It occur in about 5-7 days after ovulation.
(4) Give the function of the following:
Answer:-
(i) Inguinal canal:- The inguinal canal basically containing of testes also their duct , blood vessels , nerves, etc.
(ii) Testis :- The function of testis is the carful for the producing testosterone the primary male sex hormone and for making sperm.
(iii) Ovary :- The function of ovary is to produce egg cell and estrogen and progesterone
(iv) Oviduct :- there are two oviducts which are also called as uterine tubes or fallopian tubes . The oviduct is used to push the egg down to the uterus.
(5) Differentiate between:
(a) Solution:-
Answer:-
Semen |
Sperm |
It is the mixture of secretion of seminal vesicles, cowper’s and urethral glands, prostate gland, and sperms. | Sperms are developed in the testes of male gamete. |
(b) Solution:-
Answer:-
Hymen |
Clitoris |
Hymen is present on the opening of the vagina, it is a thin membrane, present in the young females. | It is a erectile clitoris, which is same to the penis in the males. It is present in the uppermost angle of vulva. |
It is thin membrane | It is an small erectile structure. |
(c) Solution:-
Answer:-
Uterus |
Vagina |
Uterus is a muscular bag which is present in the cavity of the urinary bladder and the rectum of females. | Vagina is muscular tube which is extending from the cervix to the outside. |
(e) Solution:-
Answer:-
Follicle |
Corpus Luteum |
Follicles are the fluid filled which involve immature egg oocyte through the ovulation, a mature egg is released from the follicle. | It is the temporary endocrine gland formed just after ovulation in the ovary. |
(f) Solution:-
Answer:-
Amnion |
Allantois |
Amnion is the innermost thin membrane which surrounds the embryo. | Allantois is the membrane which is functional to take up the Nitrogenous waste from the feotus and gaseous exchange. |
(g) Solution:-
Answer:-
Prostate gland |
Cowper’s Gland |
Prostate gland is surrounded to the neck of the males bladder and urethra . | Cowper’s gland us located below the prostate gland. |
It secretes the fluid which nourishes and protects the sperms. | It Secretes the lubricating mucus. |
(D) DESCRIPTIVE TYPE
(1) Define the following terms:
(a) Reproduction
Answer:- Reproduction is the process in which the plants and animals give rise to the new offspring by the process of sexual or asexual way.
(b) Hernia
Answer:-
The hernia is defined as the come through of an organ between its containing wall.
(c) Ovulation
Answer:- it is The arrival of the ready egg (ovum ) from the ovary. the egg is discharged when the cavity encompassing it ( the follicle)tears open in light of a hormonal charges. Ovulation happens around 14 or 15 days from the primary day of the women last menstrual cycle.
(d) Puberty
Answer:- Puberty is define as a stage of human development when sexual maturation and growth are completed and result in ability to reproduce.
(e) Fertilization
Answer:- fertilisation is fusion of male and female gamete to from zygote is called as fertilisation .
(f) Hymen
Answer:- it is a thin membrane, that partially closes the vaginal opening.
(2) Distinguish between the following pairs:
(a) Solution:-
Answer:-
Spermatogenesis |
Oogenesis |
Formation of sperms is known As spermatogenesis | Formation of ovum is known As oogenesis. |
(b) Solution:-
Answer:-
Implantation |
gestation |
It is the fixation of blastocyst to the wall of the endometrium . | It is the period of full development of baby inside the uterus is termed as gestation period. |
It is the start of the pregnancy | It is the end of pregnancy. |
(c) Solution:-
Answer:-
Pregnancy | Parturition |
It is the state of carrying an young unborn baby inside the body. | It is the birth or expelling of the fully grown baby from the uterus |
(d) Solution:-
Answer:-
Placenta | umbilical cord |
Placenta allows the substance to be diffuse from foetus to mother and mother to foetus.
|
Umbilical cord is functional in the connection of blood vessels from with the foetus. |
(e) Solution:-
Answer:-
Identical twins | fraternal twins |
When an single fertilized egg get spilt into two separated into two parts at Its early stage of cell division. | When the two eggs are alternatively released from the ovaries and both gets fertilized and produced two individuals. |
(f) Solution:-
Answer:-
Menarche | menopause |
It is the start of menstruation in the young female | It is the permanent stop of the menstruation or monthly periods. |
It starts at the age of 11 to 13 years | It is usually occurs at the age of 45 to 55 years. |
(3) Solution:-
Answer:-
- It contribute a temperature 2° to 3° lower than the body temperature that is very suitable for the production of maturation of sperms.
- If it occurs, the testes carry on inside the abnormal cavity. It can move to inability of the person to construct sperms. Expected to high temperature inside the body.
(4) Solution:-
Answer:-
(a) Total reproductive period=45-13Years = 32years.
(b) Total eggs produced =32×12 = 384 eggs (approximate)
(5) Answer:-
(i) Development of breast
(ii) Growth of hair around the genitals
(iii) Widening of the hips
(iv) Increased body fat.
(6) Answer:-
Accessory organs are internal organ of male reproductive system.
Which are –
(i) Epididymis
(ii) Ductus deferentia
(iii) seminal vesicles
(iv) Prostate gland
(v) Bulbourethral gland
(7) Answer:-
Primary reproductive organs |
Accessory reproductive organs |
It includes gonads –
Testes in males Ovary in females |
The accessory reproductive organs contains –
All the structure, glands and ducts, help in meeting of cells. |
The primary reproductive organs produces sex cells. | The accessory reproductive organs help in the transfer and meeting of two kinds of sex cells leading to fertilisation. |
It does not play any role in the Development of the baby. | It helps in the Development and growth of egg upto the birth of the baby. |
(8) Answer:-
(i) In the wake of fertilization zygote is formed inside the fallopian tube.
(ii) The zygote soon after divides never to form a spherical mass of cell known as ‘Morula’.
(iii) The morula soon after mature into a hollow sphere of cells along with a surrounding cellular layer and an inner cell mass protecting from it centrally, this is called as blastocyst.
(iv) blastocyst originate an embryo that is around 3 weeks old . So it is tiny organism that hardly resembles human being.
(v) Sometime 5 weeks, the embryo along with establish the heart and blood vessels.
(9) Answer:- yes, it is correct to say that the testes produce testerone. The testis is high in a capsule that is internally partitioned into 15 to 20 lobes. The lobe consists of Seminiferous tubiles and international cells. And these interstitial cell contract the male hormone called testosterone
(E) STRUCTURED /APPLICATION/SKILL TYPE
(1) Solution:
(a) Answer:-
Name of the system is excretory system and female reproductive system.
(b) Answer:-
Part 1 act for kidney
Part 2act for ureter
Part 3 act for follopian tube
Part 4 act for infundibulum
Part 5 act for ovary
Part 6 act for uterus
Part 7 act for urinary bladder
Part 8 act for cervix
Part 9 act for vagina
Part 10 act for vulva
(c) Answer:-
(i) The function of the fallopian tube tube is move the ovum let go from the ovary to the uterus
(ii) The function of the infundibulum is picks up egg at ovulation and directs egg to oviduct
(iii) The function of the ovary is ovary release eggs and it also secrets oestrogen and progesterone.
(iv) The function of the uterus is an elostic dog like structure which acts a site for placement and development or embryo.
(d) Answer:- if The fallopian tube on both sides get blocked, then pregnancy without treatment will be impossible.
(2) Solution:
(I) Answer:-
Part 1 act for fallopian tube
Part 2 act for Infundibulum
Part 3 act for ureter
Part 4 act for vagina
Part 5 act for ovary
Part 6 act for uterus
Part 7act for urinary bladder
Part 8 act for urethra
(II) Answer:- corpus leteum convert the oestrogen. Oestrogen inspire the thickening of the endometrium wall of the uterus the uterine wall take place thickened and contribute a lot of blood .
(III) Answer:- If fertilisation does not takes place the ovum breaks up and corpus leutum starts producing progesterone . The thick lining of uterus restarts sheading , on the 28th day .
(3) Given below is the schematic diagram of the sectional view of the human male reproductive system.
(a) Answer:-
Part 1 act for seminal vesicles
Part 2act for prostate gland.
Part 3 act for Bulbo-urethral gland
Part 4 act for Epididymis
Part 5 act for Testes
Part 6 act for scotom
Part 7act for urinary bladder
Part 8act for vas deference
Part 9 act for erectile tissue
Part 10 act for penis
Part 11 act for urethra
(b) Answer:-
(i) The function of the seminal vesicles is secretion activates the sperm.
(ii) The function of prostate gland is secrete the sperm are in fluid which makes their transport easier and fluild also provide nutrition.
(iii) The function of bulbo-urethral gland is contribute mucus protein which lubricants the uthera and counteract the acidity of any urine leftlover in the urethra.
(iv) The function of testes is produce sperm and produce hormones, particular testosterone
(v) The function of vas deference is transfer mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.
vi) The function of urethra is allows urine to pass outside the of body.
(4) Diagram given below represents two reproductive cells A and B. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow:
(a) Answer:- the reproductive cell A = ovum
The reproductive cell B = sperm
(iii) Answer:-
The ovum is produced in the ovary.
The sperms are produced in the testis.
(iv) Answer:-
These both cells unite in the females fallopian tubes.
(v) Answer:-
The main hormone secreted by ovary is estrogen and progesterone.
The main hormone secreted by testis is Testosterone.
(vi) Answer:-
- The name of accessory gland found in make reproductive system are seminal vesicles, bulbo urethral gland, and prostate gland.
- The seminal vesicles secrete seminal fluid
- The prostate gland secrete alkaline secretion.
- The bulbo urethral gland secretes lubricant.
(5) Solution:
(vii) Answer:-
Part 1 act for umbilical cord
Part 2 act for Placenta
Part 3 act for amnion
Part 4 act for mouth of uterus
Part 5 act for muscular wall of uterus
(viii) Answer:- Gestation
(ix) Answer:- 280 days
(x) Answer:- Placenta arrange the foetus including oxygen and nutrients. Also, the placenta eliminate the carbon dioxide and waste products of the foetus.
(xi) Answer:- Progesterone
(6) Solution:
Answer:-
(II) Solution :
Answer:-
Part 1 act for urinary bladder
Part 2 act for ureter
Part 3 act for Bulbo-urethral gland
Part 4 act for sperm duct
Part 5 act for urethra
Part 6 act for Testis
Part 7 act for scrotum
Part 8 act for Epididymis
The corresponding structure of in part (4) in female reproductive system is fallopian tubes.
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