HBSE 12th Model Paper Political Science | Haryana Board 12th Political Science Sample Paper
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Political Science
1.) Who played the role in the creation of Andhra Pradesh?
A.) Potti Sriramulu
B.) The Pallavas
C.) Kandukuri
D.) None of the above
Ans- A.) Potti Sriramulu
2.) Which ideology did Janasandh emphasize?
A.) One County
B.) One Culture
C.) One Nation
D.) All of the above
Ans- D.) All of the above
3.) Who was popularly known as the ‘Milkman of India’?
A.) P.)C.) Mahalanobis
B.) K.)T.) Shah
C.) Verghese Kurien
D.) None of the above
Ans- C.) Verghese Kurien
4.) Who is the architect of Indian foreign policy?
A.) Jawaharlal Nehru
B.) PV Singh
C.) Baba saheb
D.) All the above
Ans- A.) Jawaharlal Nehru
5.) In which year did India remove trade barriers?
A.) 2009
B.) 1876
C.) 1988
D.) 1991
Ans- D.) 1991
6.) Who was “Nizam”?
A.) The ruler’s title of Hyderabad
B.) The ruler’s title of Pakistan
C.) The leader of society
D.) Head of the panchayat
Ans- A.) The ruler’s title of Hyderabad
7.) Who gave the slogan “Indira Hatao,Desh Bachao”?
A.) Jayaprakash Narayan
B.) Lal Bahadur Shastri
C.) Morarji Desai
D.) Punjabi Suba
Ans- C.) Morarji Desai
8.) Name the political party that came to power at the center in 1977.
Ans- Janata Party
9.) When Anandpur Sahib Resolution was passed?
Ans-1973
10.) Which political party emerged as the single largest party in the 2019 Parliamentary Elections?
Ans-Bhartiya Janata Party
11.) What was Shock Therapy?
Ans- The term ‘Shock Therapy’ meant the transitional model from being a socialist country to a capitalist country influenced by the World Bank and the IMF.
12.) Under whom rule, does Pakistan face the Bangladesh crisis?
Ans- Yahya Khan
13.) What is the full form of SAARC?
Ans- South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
14.) What was the former name of Sri Lanka?
Ans-Ceylon
15.) ………. is centrally located in South Asia and shares borders with most of the South Asian Countries.
Ans- India
16.) ………. posed a challenge to the Indian Army in Sri Lanka?
Ans- Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
17.) …………is the present UN Secretary-General.
Ans- António Guterres
18.) The soviet Political system was based on…………. ideology.
Ans- Marxism–Leninism
Assertion and Reason based questions:
Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason, (R).
After reading the assertion and reason, select the correct Codes according to the Codes given below
A.) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
B.) (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
C.) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.) (A) is false but (R) is true.
19.) Assertion: General Pervez Musharraf removed Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in 2001.
Reason: Pakistan continued to enjoy the status of being a democratic nation.
Ans- C.) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
20.) Assertion: In April 2006, there were massive, country-wide, pro-democracy protests.)
Reason: The largely non-violent movement was led by the Seven Party Alliance (SPA), the Maoists, and social activists.
Ans- B
PART- B
Very Short Answer Type Questions
21.) Which interests were hidden behind the conflicts between Hindus and Muslims at the time of independence?
Ans- 1.Muslim League demanded a separate nation for Muslims to protect the interests of Muslims only. 2. There were some Hindu organisations also which made efforts to look after the interests of Hindus only to make India a ‘Hindu Nation.
22.) What were the reasons for the dominance of the party system in India?
Ans- The dominance of Congress in India was due to following reasons: 1. Congress was identified with the freedom struggle for building national unity and solidarity. 2. Congress was associated with Mahatma Gandhi’s name.
OR
How did India’s first general elections of 1952 become a landmark in the history of democracy all over the world?
Ans- 1. These elections were competitive among various parties. 2. The results were declared in a very fair manner even to be accepted by the losers in a fair manner.
23.) Describe any two disadvantages of coalition government in India.
Ans- 1.Coalition governments cannot have long term planning and view. 2. Due to the presence of various party leaders believing in different ideologies and policies political consistency is difficult to achieve. Hence political instability persists.
OR
‘In the new era of coalition politics political parties are not aligning based on ideology. Explain.
Ans- This statement can be supported Political parties join their hand for specific purpose or programs, not for the similarity in their beliefs.
Political parties make alliance to put their influence on the citizens and the ruling party to threaten them during the election.
24.) What is the Ayodhya dispute? Explain.
Ans- The Ayodhya dispute is a political, historical, and socio-religious debate in India, centred on a plot of land in the city of Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh. The Babri Masjid, was destroyed during a political rally on 6 December 1992 triggering riots all over the Indian subcontinent.
25.) Mention any two steps taken by China to improve its economy.
Ans- (1)Special Economic Zones (SEZs) were created to invite foreign investors to set up their own enterprises. (ii) The privatisation of agriculture and industry in 1982 and 1998.
26.) Describe any two consequences of the Bangladesh War of 1971.
Ans- 1. India supported the demand of East Pakistan financially and militarily. 2. The war of 1971 made Pakistani forces surrender in East Pakistan.
27.) Identify the two most important outcomes of the Rio Summit.
Ans- 1 It produced a number of conventions with regard to the climatic changes, protection of biodiversity and forestry.
2.) The leaders at the summit also signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity.
28.) Explain any two factors responsible for the development of globalization.
Ans- Political globalization is one of the three main dimensions of globalization, with the two other being economic globalization and cultural globalization.
Or
Which factors have contributed to the process of globalization?
Ans- The process of globalization is the result of: 1. Historical factors. 2. Role of international organizations like IMF and WTO. 3. Liberalisation and privatisation.
PART-C
Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks Each]
29.) Explain three challenges that independent India faced during the process of nation building.
Ans- The three problems that the newly independent nation of India faced are as follows:1 Rehabilitation of a large number of refugees. 2.Assimilation of princely states. 3 Ensuring the unity of a country which is full of diversity.
30.) What is meant by the White Revolution in Gujarat?
Ans- It was also known as “operation flood”. It was initiated by Verghese Kurien. It resulted in a large increase in the production of milk all over the country. A white revolution was initiated in India with the ambition of increasing milk production and making the country one of the largest producers of milk in the world.
31 Which part of the constitution helps the planning commission/ NITI Aayog to ensure socio-economic justice? Explain.
Ans- The directive principles of state policy ensure the welfare through securing and protecting them from any kind of social, economic and political: 1. Men and women equally have the right to adequate means of livelihood. 2. Prevent concentration and means of production into the few hands only. 3. Equal distribution of resources.
Or
Analyse any three factors that enhanced the popularity of Indira Gandhi in the early 1970s.
Ans- Major factors responsible for popularity of Indira Gandhi (i) The popular slogan of,,Garibi Hatao”. (ii) Nationalisation of Banks. (iii) Abolition of Privy Purse. (iv) Land reform laws and Land Ceiling Act.
32.) Describe any four circumstances for the proclamation of emergency in 1975?
Ans- The proclamation of emergency in India in 1975 was based on the grounds of “internal disturbance”, which was authorized under Article 352 of the Indian Constitution. The following are the four circumstances under which the emergency was proclaimed: 1. Political Instability 2. Economic Crisis 3.Threat to National Security 4. Natural Calamity.
Or
Why is the ‘emergency’ and the period around it known as the period of constitutional crisis? Explain.
Ans- The period of Emergency is referred to as the period of constitutional crisis because: The Parliament brought in many new changes in constitution which made an amendment declaring that elections of Prime Minister, President and Vice President could not be challenged in the court.
The forty second amendment was also passed to bring a series of changes in constitution like duration of legislatures, elections can be postponed by one year during emergency.
33.) Who was Gorbachev? Why did he seek to reform Soviet Society?
Ans- Mikhail Gorbachev became the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1985 and introduced a series of political and economic reforms in an attempt to reform the Soviet system. His decisions were guided by the following factors:
a) The Soviet system lagged behind the Western capitalist system in terms of technology and infrastructure. Therefore, in order to keep in pace with the technological revolution of the West, it was felt imperative to introduce reforms.
b) Mikhail Gorbachev also felt the need of normalising relations with the US, and thus, decided to bring about reforms and democratise the system.
c) The Soviet system was characterised by rigidity, strict bureaucratic control and authoritarianism.
Or
What was the Soviet system? Assess any four features of the Soviet system.
Ans- The Soviet system, was became very bureaucratic and authoritarian, making life very difficult for its citizens. (i)The Soviet System was very bureaucratic and authoritarian. (ii) Lack of democracy and the absence of freedom of speech. (iii) Tight control over all institutions and was unaccountable to the people. (iv) Russia dominated everything and people from other regions felt neglected and often suppressed.
34.) Why was the European Union founded? What were its objectives and significance?
Ans-
35.) State the various components of India’s security strategy.
Ans- The security strategy of India has 4 wide components that have been used from time to time in different combinations. These components are: strengthening military capabilities, strengthening international norms and institutions, meeting security challenges within the country, and developing the economy.
36.) Describe any three steps taken by the Indian Government to check the environmental degradation.
Ans- In order to control pollution and punish the polluters, the Indian government has passed various acts such as the Water Act, the Air Act, the Environment Act, the Wildlife Protection Act and the Forest Conservation Act. This safeguards the nature and the ecosystems for the betterment of human beings.
37.) India’s foreign policy was built around the principles of peace and cooperation. But India fought three wars in a space of ten years between 1962 and 1971. Would you say that this was a failure of the foreign policy?
Ans- Right from the beginning, India has desired for peace not merely as an ideal but also as an essential condition for its own security.
India’s three wars within a span of 10 years cannot be regarded as the failure of its foreign policy, this was not the failure of foreign policy but was a result of international situation. India was not the aggressor in the War of 1962, 1965 and 1971 but the conflicts were inflicted on India. India forwarded the Panchsheel agreement with China and Indus Water Treaty with Pakistan as a measure of peace and cooperation yet was attacked by China in 1962 and by Pakistan in 1965 and 1971.
OR
How does political leadership of a nation affect its foreign policy? Explain this with the help of examples from India’s foreign policy.
Ans- Foreign policy of any country is the mirror of national interests as in India:
1.) During non-congress government in 1977, Janata Party announced to follow non-alignment genuinely. This implied that the pro-Soviet tilt in foreign policy will be corrected. Since then, all governments took initiatives to restore better relations with China and entered into close ties with the US.
2.) In Post 1990 period the ruling parties were criticised for their pro-US foreign policy. During this period Russia had lost its global pre-eminence despite it has been India’s good friend. Hence, India’s foreign policy shifted to a more pro-US strategy.
3.) Besides, the contemporary international situation is also more influenced by economic interests than military interests so made an impact on India’s foreign policy i. e. Indo-Pakistan relations have witnessed new developments.
38.) What were the main provisions of the Punjab Accord? Explain.
Ans- Punjab Accord was an agreement signed between the then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Harchand Singh Longowal, the then President of Akali Dal in 1985 to be known as ‘Rajiv Gandhi Longowal Accord’ also to create normalcy in Punjab:
1.) Chandigarh would be transferred to Punjab.
2.) To appoint a separate commission to resolve border dispute between Punjab and Haryana.
3.) To set up a tribunal to settle down the sharing of Ravi-Beas river water among Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan.
4.) To provide agreement for compensation to better treatment to those affected by militancy in Punjab.
5.) To withdraw the Armed forces special power Act Punjab.
OR
Describe the internal-external disputes responsible for making the politics of Jammu and Kashmir continuously controversial.
Ans- Ever since 1947, Kashmir has remained a major controversy between India and Pakistan. The major problem is that Pakistan says that due to Muslims majority, Kashmir, in India is against the very basis of partition. Even after the war of 1965 and 1971, this problem could not be solved. Externally, Kashmir has always been claimed by Pakistan. Opponents: One section of people outside J & K feels that Article 370 which confers special status to the state does not allow its full integration with India. This section therefore, feels that J & K should be given a normal status like any other state by abrogation of Article 370.They have three major grievancesJ i.) The promise that accession of state would be referred to people of state after normalisation due to attack by tribal infiltrators, has not been fulfilled. li. There is a general perception that Federal status guaranteed by Article 370 has actually not been fulfilled. It has led to demand for ‘Greater state autonomy’. lii.) There is a general feeling that democracy as practised in the rest of India has not been institutionalised in the similar way in J & K.
39.) Can the UNO serve as a balance against the US dominance? Explain.
Ans- No, the UN can not serve against the US dominance in a comfort zone because: 1. The US has been the only superpower after 1991 and may ignore international organizations economically and militarily. 2. Its veto power can stop any move from damaging its interests. 3. The US enjoys a considerable degree of say in the selection of the UN Secretary-General. Besides the above- mentioned grounds, the UN is playing an effective role in an argument against the US attitudes and policies and makes compromises and concessions even or the part of the US. The EU performs as an important bloc in International Economic Organisations such as WTO but SAARC has initiated SAFTA only to cooperate economically among.
OR
Describe any five criteria for the new membership of the Security Council as suggested after 1997.
Ans- New member, as suggested after 1997, should be (i) A major economic power (ii) A major military power. (iii) A substantial contributor to the UN budget. (iv) A big nation in terms of its populations. (u) A nation that respects democracy and human rights (vi) A country that would make the Council more.
40.) How do the critics view the process of globalisation?
Ans- Globalisation has invited some strong criticisms also despite its positive impacts. Its critical arguments can be categorized as: 1. Economic: (a) Reduction in subsidies on mass consumption goods to make foreign creditors powerful. (b) It has grown disparity between the rich and the poor nations by making the rich richer and the poor more poorer. 2. Political: (a) Welfare functions of the state have been reduced. (b) The sovereignty of states has been affected. (c) States have become weak to take their own decisions. 3. Cultural.(a) People lose their age-old values and traditions. (b) The world begins to look more like the dominant power over less powerful society. (c) It leads to shrinking of rich cultural heritage of the entire globalisation
OR
What is globalisation? Highlight any five causes of globalisation.
Ans- Globalisation is the way that the world is becoming more and more connected. Countries are connecting with each other from far away places, they are becoming more reliant on each other (interdependence), flows of capital, people, goods and information are moving their way around the world.Globalisation refers to the integration of global economics, industries, markets, culture and policies making around the world free from socio-political control and reduces distances between regions/countries through a global network of trade, communication, immigration, and transportation.
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