DAV Class 8 Social Science Solution Chapter 10 Colonialism: Rural and Tribal Societies
DAV School Books Class 8 Social Science Solution Chapter 10 Colonialism: Rural and Tribal Societies all Question Answer. DAV Class 8 10th Chapter Colonialism: Rural and Tribal Societies full Chapter explanation by expert teacher.
DAV School Books Class 8 Social Science Solution Chapter 10 Colonialism: Rural and Tribal Societies:
A.) Tick the correct option –
1.) c,2.) c,3.) a,4.) b,5.) a
Answer the following questions in brief-
1.) Mahalwari system –
- It is a modification of zamindari system.
- it was started by Holt Mackenzie in the year 1822
- In this system villages or Mahals jointly pay the land revenue and collectively made settlement among each other.
- This system was introduced in Gangetic valley,north -western provinces,central India and Punjab.
2.) British forced Indian farmers to grow commercial crops because they were in a huge demand in European markets as a raw materials. Again company was getting high profit after selling the commercial crops. Moreover company needs more money to meet the military and administrative expenses.
3.) Impact of colonial rules on the tribals of India-
i.) forced declaration of the forests as a state property by the British and changes in forest laws to stop shifting cultivation hampered the tribal life and their means of livelihood.
ii.) cash loans demanded by the traders and the money lenders with the increasing demand of the forest products made the tribal life miserable.
iii.) Homeless tribal people were given job to the mines and production companies in a low wage. As a result they were facing problems to meet their livelihood.
4.) Birsa Movement-Birsha Munda was the hero of Birsha movement who had urged the tribals not to change their place and work on their own field to meet their livelihood. It was a revolt fought by the tribal people against the British to secure their traditional values. White Flag was the symbol of Birsha Raj and the movement was demolished with the death of Birsha Munda.
5.) Changes took place in Modern industries during nineteenth century-
i.) tea has declared the biggest plantation industry in India and stood top in the international market.
ii.) cotton,jute,iron and steel industries have came up with a good speed.
iii.) Tata Iron and steel industry had set up by Jamshed ji Tata
E.) Answer the following questions-
1.) Features of Permanent Settlement-
i.) It was started in the year 1793.
ii.) Here zamindar got the hereditary rights.
iii.) it was also called zamindari bandobast.
Iv.) Zamindars were instructed to pay 89% of the total revenue to the British Government.
V.) zamindars used to hold 11%dhare.
Vi.) This system gave birth of two nee posts-Taluqdar and rajas.
Selling opium into china market gave the British huge profit.Similarly Indigo is very useful to die textile and spread a huge market in Britain for textile industry. Sugar industry too spread over Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu etc.
2.)
- Ryotwari system-
i)This system was started by Thomas Munroe in 1820.
ii) introduced at south India later spread over at Bombay.
iii) here the settlement was direct between the ryots(cultivators) and government.
- MAHALWARI System-
i.) This system was started by Holt Mackenzie in the year 1822.
ii.) introduced in the gangetic valley, north west provinces, central India and Punjab.
iii.)collective settlement was made between the British Government and villagers.
Though the East India company came as traders, gradually their monopolism got stronger and they mader India their colony. India was agriculture based country. But they forcefully used the farmers and the farming lands for their own profits. Moreover handicrafts, small scale industries of India got abolished and people had to loose their livelihood because of the high rate finished products from England. Company used to sell the raw materials like cotton,jute etc in the European Mark et in a very cheap rate.The industrial development of India destroy the small scale industries of India.
4.) British agrigarian and tribal policies helped to setup a profitable market and sell the finish products in India. They used to export the raw materials to England in a cheap rate and sell the finish products in a high rate in Indian market.Again Company adopted some strict policy and used the man power of India in an industrial sect.
5.) i.) Birsa Movement-Birsha Munda was the hero of Birsha movement who had urged the tribals not to change their place and work on their own field to meet their livelihood. It was a revolt fought by the tribal people against the British to secure their traditional values. White Flag was the symbol of Birsha Raj and the movement was demolished with the death of Birsha Munda.
ii.) Kuki revolt-Took place in the hilly region of Manipur in the year 1829. Kukis were surrendered in the year 1850.
iii.) Khasi revolt-Took place in North West Assam in 1829.Bar Manik and Titruth singh was the leaders of this group.
Iv,) Khonds revolution- Khondmals of Odisha started revolt against the British In 1846.
V.) Santal revolt- Took place in the year1855-1856 under the leadership of sidhu kanhu Murmu.
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