Essay on Unemployment and the New Education Policy for Class 12, Mains Exam (UPSC, PSC, SSC)
Unemployment and the New Education Policy Essay : India’s population is 1.417 billion in 2022 according to the United Nations report on population. It accounts for 17.7% of the world’s total population as India is only second to China in terms of the most populated nation in the world. However, India has more than 50% of its population below the age of 25 and more than 65% below the age of 35 making it the country with the most youths as human resources. Despite its advantage of possessing youth India faces an obstacle in the form of unemployment.
Discussion
The youth unemployment rate of India is a staggering 28.26 per cent of the 50% of youths in the country. The National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) defines unemployment as “The absence of work for remuneration despite individuals searching for work”
The various types of unemployment are:
Disguised unemployment: Occurs more people are employed than required.
Seasonal unemployment: Occurs during certain durations of the year.
Structural unemployment: Occur when there is an incongruence between jobs available in the market and the skills developed by individuals exist.
Cyclical Unemployment: This occurs when there is a lack of work during recessions and work become available during economic growth.
The National Education Policy(NEP) 2020 declared major changes in the education system of India on 29.07.2020. The reforms include the incorporation of technical education in schools as well as higher education such as University education. The notable features of NEP2020 are as follows:
i) Ensuring Universal Access at All levels of schooling from pre-primary school to Grade 12
ii)Guaranteeing quality early childhood care and education for all children between 3-6 years
iii) New Curricular and Pedagogical Structure to 5+3+3+4
iv) No distinct separations between arts, commerce and sciences, curricular and extra-curricular activities between vocational and academic streams. For instance, marketing and salesmanship is a vocational training course pursued by individuals aiming at acquiring hands-on- skills in contradiction to academic streams pursued by students whose streams tend towards theoretical studies with the aim of acquiring theoretical knowledge.
v) Establishment of a National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy. The mission aims at enabling individuals to acquire the basic abilities of reading and writing and also in interpreting and expressing one’s point of view.
vi)The policy also emphasizes upon promotion of multilingualism and Indian languages for India is a country of diverse languages. The medium of instruction until at least Grade 5, but preferably till grade 8 and beyond will be in the mother tongue.
vii) The policy has taken major reforms for the assessment of Board Exams on up to two occasions during any academic year. One assessment is on the basis of the main examination and the other one is for improvements of students.
vii) Equitable and inclusive education is a major focus of the NEP for different sections of society including the marginalized sections such as scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. Inclusion also identifies and incorporates other genders than male and female like homosexuals, bisexuals and transgender.
Conclusion
The National Education Policy of India has taken major strategic changes resulting in a paradigm shift in the academic sphere of the country. The policy has erased any form of distinction between vocational and academic courses, assigning both of them equal importance. The weightage of vocational training will successfully improve the employment rate of the country. In conclusion, the changing dynamics of the education policy will facilitate to eradicate of unemployment
FAQs
Q1.. What is India’s youth rate in population?
Ans: India has more than 50% of its population below the age of 25 and more than 65% below the age of 35 making it the country with the most youths as human resources. Despite its advantage of possessing youth India faces an obstacle in the form of unemployment.
Q2. What does the NSSO report state?
The youth unemployment rate of India is a staggering 28.26 per cent of the 50% of youths in the country. The National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) defines unemployment as “The absence of work for remuneration despite individuals searching for work”
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