We see number of clothes variety in market. Is that all are same? How
will be able to differentiate this?
All material of fabric is not the same. If you touch the clothes then we feel some are rough or smooth in touch. Have variable patterns, designs and colors in it. According to this observation we conclude that a fabric has types. So let’s discuss it.
Mainly fabrics are divided in two types,
a) Natural Fabric
b) Synthetic Fabric
Mixed fabric is also a one type of fabric which is near about similar to synthetic fabric. Example cotton gets mixed with Lycra to produce Dennim fabric. Which stretchable in nature.
Natural fabrics
Fabrics which are obtained from the plants and animals called as natural fabrics.
E.g. Jute, Cotton, silk, wool, Coir, Flax.
The base of natural fiber which is obtained from plant is cellulose which is base material in the plant world and Animal fiber are made up of proteins, the complex compounds that form a major part of bodies of animal.
In plant fiber, Jute fiber obtained from jute plant this is also called as Golden fiber. Coir obtained from coconut tree.
In animal fiber, Wool is obtained from the fleece (hair) of sheep, goat, rabbits, etc. and silk is obtained from cocoon of silkworm.
Properties of Natural Fabrics –
Soft in touch
Comfortable to wear
Have ability to absorb air, water and Sunlight
Eco-friendly
Less Durable as compared to synthetic fabric
Cotton like fabric easily catches fire and smells like burning of paper.
Cotton :
Cotton is natural fiber which is obtained from fruit of cotton plant.
This is light and reasonably smooth.
Cotton is warm season crop but need moisture holding soil to grow properly in soil.
Sown in between May to September and harvested up to October.
Black soil has ability to give best production of cotton plant.
Cotton is Indian as well as international product fabric. In India mostly cotton grown in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh and Haryana.
Cotton is used to make cotton saris, shirts, bags, Bed sheet, etc.
Question 1) Give Suitable Reason, Cotton is called as Summer Clothes.
Answer- It is very light and good absorbent. In summer, cotton absorbs sunlight and help to keep cool us. Due to this beneficial fact we prior cotton clothes in summer therefore cotton also called as summer clothes.
Question 2) Burning of Cotton smells like paper. Justify the sentence.
Answer – Cotton is obtained from plant and Paper is also made from plant so when cotton is burnt, it smells like Burning Paper.
Jute –
Jute is long soft shiny plant fiber and has strong threads.
Jute is produce from stem of jute plant.
It has a durability and good strength.
It grows in Warm and Humid climate. Jute is cultivated in rainy season and sowing is done between February and May.
Question 1) Name the Indian states which are famous for production of jute plant?
Answer – West Bengal and Bihar.
Question 2) Name that things can be made from jute fiber.
Answer- Ropes, Curtains, Handbags, etc.
Wool –
Wool is obtained from animals like sheep, goat, yak, etc.
These animals are cover by a thick coat of hair (fleece).
Wool can easily absorb 30% moisture of its weight without get heavy or wet.
Wooden fabric dries much faster.
Silk –
Silk is a thin, but strong fiber that silkworms produce when they are making of their cocoons.
It can be woven into a a very soft and smooth fabric.
China is a first country in silk production after that India, Japan and other countries also have a production of silk.
Silk is a costly fabric. Silk fiber is used for weaving clothes especially traditional dresses.
Silk Production also called as Sericulture industry.
Question 1) How Silk Produced by Silkworm ?
Answer- Silk is obtained from the cocoon of the silkworm. Silkworms are feed on the leaves of the mulberry trees. Female silkworm lays eggs on leaves. After this step egg produce larva (Caterpillar) and then after cocoon is produce with the help of caterpillar. The cocoon is boiled in water to kill the silkworm alive and finally get silk fiber.
Some other important fiber Coir-
Coir
It is the fiber obtained from the outer cover of fruit of the Coconuts.
coir is used in making of doormats, mattresses, rope and fishing nets.
Flax-
The fabric made from flax fiber is called linen.
It used to making high quality clothes. Hemp, Sisal, Ramie these are some example of natural fabric which is obtained from plant.
Synthetic fabrics
Fiber which is made by humans with the help of some chemicals called as synthetic fabric. Polyester, spandex, Acrylic, nylon these are some examples of synthetic fabric.
In other word synthetic fabrics is also called as artificial fabric.
Properties of synthetic fabrics
Mostly rough in touch
Not comfortable to wear in daily life
Highly durable
Synthetic fabrics are made by chemical so they easily catch fire
and smell like burning of human hairs.
Question 1) which type of Fibers are strong wrinkle resistant and dry Quickly ?
Answer- Clothes made from synthetic fibers are stronger and do not wrinkle easily. They also dry easily.
Question 2) why synthetic Fibers do not wrinkle easily?
Answer- Synthetic fibers like nylon, polyester have less air space than natural fibers and do not breathe so well. They also cannot absorb sweat. So synthetic Fibers do not wrinkle easily.
Rayon:
It is a one kind of Artificial Silk was first obtained by chemical of wood pulp. Although rayon is obtained from a natural source.
‘Wood pulp’ it is a man-made fiber.
It is actually cheaper than silk.
Rayon is used in textile industry for making clothing like sarees,
blouses, dresses and socks.
Used to make bed-sheets, curtains, carpets, blankets, etc.
Used in medical and tyre industry.
Nylon-
Nylon is first made in 1931 from coal. First completely man-made synthetic fiber without using any plant or animal source.
Nylon is one of the most elastic synthetic fabrics. It does not lose strength ever after repeated use.
Nylon is a high Quality Plastics. It is Durable.
Mostly used in kitchen things, Bag-packs, mechanical tools, etc.
Used as a waterproof cloth.
Polyester-
It a synthetic material which is mostly used in fashion industry, fishing nets, bottles, wire, phone cable connection and many more.
In scientifically, most commonly called polyethylene tetraphthalate (PET). Simply this is a one kind of Plastic.
Polyester is very durable.
The fibers are easily dyed very strong and lightweight.
Spandex-
Spandex is also has Lycra, This is synthetic polymeric fiber.
It is soft like rubber.
Mostly used in garments, medical clothes and modern outfit.
Terrycot–
It is combination of Terylene + Cotton.
Terry wood-
It is combination of Terylene + Wool.
Terrysilk-
It is combination of Terylene + Silk.
Question 1) why synthetic fabric is not Prefer to wear in daily life?
Answer – Synthetic fibers like nylon, Dacron do not ‘breathe’ as easily as cotton. They are unable to absorb sweat and keeping the cool in hot climates. Due to this we are not prefer to wear synthetic fabric.