Types of Chemical Reactions
1.) Combination reaction:
A chemical reaction in which two or more reactant (substance) combined to form single product (substance) called combination reaction.
Reactant:
Who take part in chemical reaction.
Products:
The substance which are form by chemical reaction are called product.
In a chemical reaction two or more compound ( Reactant) combine together or chemically react together to form new compound ( product) its called combination reaction.
Example:
For example in our daily life we have seen for making cake we have to use different, different ingredients like milk, flour, butter, sugar, eggs, baking soda (salt) etc. These all ingredients mix together or combine together to form cake this also a example of combination reaction.
Example -1:
Calcium oxide (quick lime) react vigorously with water to form calcium hydroxide (slaked lime). The reaction is highly exothermic, as lot of heat is produced during the reaction.
Example-2: Burning of coal
Example-3: Reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to form water.
i) Decomposition Reaction;
The reaction in which reactant (compound) split into two or more simpler substance (Product) are known as decomposition Reaction.
In a decomposition reaction reactant or compound are break down into two or more substance or product is known as decomposition reaction.
Example:
For better understanding we have seen in our daily life Pizza when we buy it from market and bring it to our home we split the Pizza in many part or cut in small slice for eating this is also a split of compound that is pizza in many part example of decomposition reaction.
Types of decomposition Reaction: Thermal decomposition ( Heat) :
Those reaction which used the energy in the form of heat
For decomposition of reactant.
Example-1:
Calcium carbonate on heating decomposes to give calcium oxide, and carbon dioxide.
Calcium oxide is used for manufacturing cement.
Example-2:
Ferrous sulphate green colour Crystal on heating decomposes to give ferric oxide, sulphur dioxide, sulphur trioxide.
Example-3 :
Lead nitrate on heating decomposes to give lead oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and
oxygen.
Electrolysis:
These reaction evolved the used of electrical energy ( electricity) for the
decomposition of reactant molecules.
Example-1
Water molecule is decomposes in presence of electricity to give hydrogen and oxygen.
Example-2:
When sodium chloride is decomposes in presence of electricity it separate
sodium and chlorine atom.
Example-3:
When Aluminium oxide is decomposes in presence of electricity it give separate
elements aluminium and oxygen.
Photolysis or Photochemical Decomposition:
The Reaction in which evolved the used of light energy for the purpose of decomposition.
✓ Black and white photography:
Example-1:
When silver chloride is decomposes in presence of light to gives separate
Product silver and chlorine.
Example-2:
When silver bromide is decomposes in presence of light to gives separate
Product silver and bromide.
ii) Displacement Reaction:
Those reaction in which one elements takes the place of another elements in a compound are known as displacement reaction. (Or)
When a more reactive elements displace less reactive elements from its
compound. It is called displacement reaction.
Displacement reaction is element or molecule react with each other chemically and
take place of another element or replace the element are called displacement reaction.
Example: 1
If we kept the iron substance in the exposure of air, air contain moisture , this moisture in the form of rust cover the iron substance and displace slowly this
iron substance. It means rust cover the iron and displace it.
Example:2
Another daily life example is if we are three people A, B and C if B and C argument
each other then C lift the B and be a friend with A it means A is displace to B.
Single Displacement Reaction:
It is a type of chemical reaction when an elements react in a compound and takes the place of another elements in that compound is called single displacement reaction.
Example: ,
Zinc being more reactive than copper, Cu displace from CuSO4 solution and form
new products , zinc sulphate and copper metal.
Double Displacement Reaction:
The Reaction in which two different ion, or group of atom in the reactant molecules are displaced by each other is called double displacement Reaction.
OR
The Reaction in which two compound react by exchange of ion and form two new compound are called double displacement Reaction.
• A double displacement reaction usually occur in a solution, and one of the product being insoluble and precipitate (ppt.) comes out.
Example -1:
On adding sodium sulphate to Barium chloride a curdy white precipitate of barium
sulphate and sodium chloride are formed.
Example-2:
On adding silver nitrate to sodium chloride it gives white ppt. Silver chloride and sodium nitrate.
Example-3:
On adding copper sulphate into hydrogen sulfide it gives black ppt of copper sulphate and sulphuric acid
iii) Oxidation and reduction:
Oxidation:
It can be defined as,
The process in which oxygen is added in the substance.
OR
The process in which hydrogen is removed from the substance.
Example : 1
Oxidation happened when an atom or substance loses electron, in our daily
life you have noticed that flash of apple is turn brown when we cut and left the apple to expose air. It get oxidized and turn the white colour to brown.
Example: 2
If we kept the iron substance in the exposure of air, air contain moisture ,
this moisture in the form of rust cover the iron substance . That mean in air moisture contain oxygen and these iron oxidized and form rust on them. Which is reddish brown colour.
Example-1:
The reaction in which copper is react with oxygen in presence of heat to gives
copper oxide.
Example-2:
Hydrogen sulphide react with oxygen to give sulphur and water.
Reduction:
The process in which oxygen is removed from the substance.
Or
The process in which hydrogen is added in the substance.
Example-1:
Potassium chlorate react with heat to give potassium chloride and oxygen.
Oxygen is removed from the reactant.
Example-2:
Sodium is react with hydrogen to give sodium hydride . Hydrogen is added in this
reaction.
Oxidation and reduction reaction:
Redox reaction:
Those reaction in which oxidation and reduction takes place simultaneously
are called redox reaction.
Example:
Photosynthesis in plant leaves react the water and carbon dioxide in the presence of light to form oxygen and glucose. In the reaction in the reaction water is oxidized and carbon dioxide is reduced.
Example:
In the following reaction copper (lll) oxide is losing oxygen and it being reduced,
whereas oxygen is added to hydrogen and is being oxidized.
iv) Exothermic and endothermic Reaction:
Exothermic reaction:
The reaction which are accompanied by evolution of heat are called
exothermic reaction. (combustion Reaction).
Or
The Reaction in which heat is released along with the formation of product Are
called exothermic reaction.
Exothermic Reaction heat or energy is released by the reaction.
Example: Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration occur in plant cell mitochondria in this respiration glucose and oxygen molecule react with each other and form carbon dioxide and water molecule and release energy in the form of ATP.
Example-1: Burning of nature gases.
Methane gas is burn with the help of oxygen to gives carbon dioxide along with heat
and water.
Example-2: Burning of magnesium ribbon
Endothermic Reaction:
The Reaction which occur by absorption of heat/ energy (neither in the form of light or electricity) are called endothermic Reaction.
Example: photosynthesis
Example:
When mercuric oxide is absorb heat to give separate elements mercury and
oxygen.
Example-2;
Question Answer:
1) What is combination reaction?
2) Give example of combination reaction?
3) What is decomposition Reaction?
4) Give any one type of decomposition Reaction with chemical equation?
5) What is displacement Reaction?
6) Give example of single displacement Reaction?
7) Write about oxidation reaction with example?
8) What are example of endothermic Reaction?