In the previous chapter, we have seen interesting concept about plants, animals and humans. Now, we are moving further with this chapter, Heredity and evolution.
Traits
The humans reproduce sexually. The sexual method or reproduction means involvement and fusion of gametes and 2 parents are present. Every living organism on earth have their own unique genetic material and study of this genes called as genetics. Every offspring in some sense is similar to their parents. This similarity is arise due to heredity. The heredity can be defined as transmission of characteristics from one generation to the next generation. So in heredity the characters are transmitted means offspring have similar kind of characteristics to those of parents. The characteristics such as color and height etc. These characteristics are called as traits.
Traits can be defined as particular characteristics of living organisms. It determines the genetic makeup of living organisms. The question is from 2 parents which characteristics transmitted to offspring. These traits are appearing due to genes which are present in the chromosome. The gene is the basic unit of heredity. Therefore, the traits on the basis of expression are divided into 2 types such dominant and recessive.
1) Dominant trait: The characteristics which will express in offspring even in presence of recessive traits. It is denoted by capital letters. For example: BB and Bb in both of the situations, the dominant character is expressing.
2) Recessive trait: The characters which are expressed only in 25 % chances. The characters which are suppressed due to presence of dominant characters. It is denoted by small letters. For example: bb in this situation both the characters are recessive so, will only express in homozygous condition.
As we know the offspring does not look exactly like parents, some differences are always present, such differences are called variations.
Question and answers:
1) What is genetics?
Answer: Every living organism on earth have their own unique genetic material and study of this genes called as genetics.
2) Define: heredity.
Answer: Every offspring in some sense is similar to their parents. This similarity is arise due to heredity. The heredity can be defined as transmission of characteristics from one generation to the next generation.
3)What is mean by genes?
Answer: The gene is the basic unit of heredity.
4) What is the term trait?
Answer: The characteristics such as color and height etc. These characteristics are called as traits.
Traits can be defined as particular characteristics of living organisms. It determines the genetic makeup of living organisms.
5) What are the types of trait and explain them.
Answer: the traits on the basis of expression are divided into 2 types such dominant and recessive.
1) Dominant trait: The characteristics which will express in offspring even in presence of recessive traits. It is denoted by capital letters. For example: BB and Bb in both of the situations, the dominant character is expressing.
2) Recessive trait: The characters which are expressed only in 25 % chances. The characters which are suppressed due to presence of dominant characters. It is denoted by small letters. For example: bb in this situation both the characters are recessive so, will only express in homozygous condition.