Telangana SCERT Solution Class VIII (8) Social Studies Chapter 6 Minerals and Mining.
1.) Draw a flow chart showing the visit to and different stages of open cast and underground mining.
Answer
The flow chart is as follows:
Visit to a mine
↓
Seeking permission
↓
Meeting safety officer
↓
Taking safety kit
↓
Report at muster point for online registration
↓
Getting into Hollage, Bell signal
↓
Mine shaft
↓
Coal seam
↓
Dolomited walls
↓
Reaching face
↓
Ready for blasting, blasting
↓
Observing the blasted area
↓
Transport through conveyor belts
↓
Trucks & trains
↓
Sent for sale
2.) Create a table to classify major health challenges, precautions, and care taken towards protecting mine workers as follows:
1.) While working in the mines 2. While being employed.
Answer
1.) While working in the mines
The workers underground are not only exposed to accidents, but constantly inhale coal dust which causes the dreaded ‘Black lung disease’, a form of Tuberculosis also knee pains and eyesight. There are detailed guidelines for medical check up. The workers in mines are given mask (nasal), shoes, gloves to wear.
2.) While being employed
While being employed they may get diseases according to the nature of their work such as:
- Throat problems to instructor
- Eyesight and joint pains to drivers.
- Backbone pains to coolie
3.) Narrate the difference in requirement of labour in mine while using machines and human labour.
Answer
The difference of requirement are:
- If normal human labour is used in a mine it will require a huge amount of human and machine are 10 time efficient than human.
- The human being life is in danger while working in the mine and lose of machine don’t effect anything.
- The work by human takes more time than machine,.
- The human are less efficient than machine.
4.) See the map of Telangana showing minerals in this chapter and identify the minerals found in your district.
Answer
The minerals found in Telangana regions are:
- Ore deposits in Bayyaram Reserve Forest and Float Iron deposits in Revenue and Patta Lands of Mahabubabad district.
- Lime stone are deposited in Nalgonda, Vikarabad, Peddapalli and Manchiryal districts.
- Coal is being mined by Singareni Collieries Company Limited, a public sector unit.
- Blue Lime stone slabis available in Vikarabad district.
- Tan Brown Granite is found in Karimnagar district.
5.) Read the paragraph under the heading ‘To whom do the minerals belong’ and answer the following: The minerals do not belong to any particular person but they belong to all people. Justify with reasons.
Answer
Minerals usually occur deep in the earth. The Minerals which we get from the earth is property of government in fact, they do not belong to any particular owner but belong to all people of the country and have to be used for everyone’s interest. So government uses the minerals by keeping this in view that it is for public use and everyone should be benefited by the use of minerals.
6.) Look at the image below. There are two different statements made by two persons. What aspect of mining are they talking about?
Answer
We cannot live because of minerals:
We can see in the image that the person saying this is in trouble as greedy people has taken over the land and destroy their permanent house in search of minerals which is effecting their life. So minerals are not letting them live in peace.
We cannot live without minerals:
We can see in the image that this person took the land for mine on lease or taken over there land as he found minerals and in his greed he said these words.
7.) How do minerals help the country in development?
Answer
They are
- Mineral resources is the most precious treasure for economy development of a country.
- Mineral resources are used for different purpose by human beings which helps in development.
- Extraction of minerals is a good source of employment opportunities.
- Minerals are necessary to run industries.
- Mineral resources are bought and sold which helps in economic development.
8.) Prepare a table showing different minerals and their uses.
Answer
The different minerals and their uses are:
- Silver – Coins, medals, electrical & electronic devices, industrial application etc.
- Iron ore – Manufacture of steels of various types, magnets, cores etc.
- Aluminium – Transportation, packaging, building, electrical and machinery.
- Gold – Jewellery, dentistry and medicine, in medallions and coins etc.
- Coal – It used as a non-renewable energy source.
Additional Questions and Answers:
1.) How our houses are made up with ?
Our houses ,floors are made up with mud,sand ,and kaddapa stones and granite .
2.) Name some of the metals ?
Iron, copper ,lead,chrome ,aluminium,silver,gold,are some of the metals .
3.) How these metals are used ?
These metals are separated and extracted from natural ores which are also minerals .
4.) How can we get fuels ?
Fuels like petrol,diesel ,kerosene ,are extracted from minerals oils like coal ,gas ,are forms of minerals .
5.) What is a mineral ?
Almost anything which are obtain naturally from under the earth is a mineral .
6.) What are the kinds of resources ?
The two kinds of resources are those which can be regenerated like wood .
7.) Name the only gold mines of India ?
The kodar gold fields is the only gold fields of India ,
9.) Name two non- renewable resources ?
Coal and petroleum are two non- renewable resources .
10.) What are the two forms iron ore available in Telengana?
Heamatite and Magnetite iron ore deposits are two kinds of iron ore available in Telengana .
11.) Where are Iron is used ?
Hematite and Magnetite iron mainly used in steel,pellitization ,sponge iron ,pig iron industries.
12.) What is Mica ?
Mica is a shiny mineral and is used extensively in electrical and electrionics industry .
13.) What are the properties of Mica ?
Mika has many properties which make it useful .It comes in thin layers and is a non conductor of electricity and heat .
14.) where lime stones are used ?
Lime stones are used in cement carbide industries .
15.) write the name of some industries ?
Iron ore ,petroleum ,limestone coal etc,are some minerals .
16.) Why Iron ore is important for us ?
Hematite and Magnetite iron are deposits are available in our state. It is mainly used in steel,pellitizitain sponge iron ,pig iron industries and is exported to japan .
17.) Why Granite is important to use ?
Granite is used in cutting and polishing industries ,decorative panals,monuments,flooring panals.
18.) Why Magnetite is used ?
Magnetite is used in potassium permanganate,ferro alloysiron and steel,batteries chemicals ,ceramic and glass industries .
19.) What is the importance of Barytes ?
This is a group of ores from which an element called Barium is extracted .Barium is used fir industrial and medical purposes.Barytes also used in drilling deep holes for petroleum and natural gas .
20.) Why we use Feldspar ?
Feldspar is one of the raw materials used in making of glass and ceramic ware like wash basins etc.
21.) What are the natural resources of Telengana ?
Our state with varied geological bases,has a rich and wide variety of minerals suitable for specific mineral industries .Telengana state is house of various minerals ,specially coal,iron ore ,lime stone ,dolomite,manganese,quartz,feldspar,clays,barites,uranium.black and colour granites , marbles etc .
22.) Where are the iron deposits In Telengana ?
Telengana is endowed with a number of scattered medium grade iron ore deposites in Bayyarm Reserve forest and float iron deposits in revenue and patta lands of Mahabubabad district and low grade iron ore deposites in peddapalli and Manchariryal districts .
23.) Where are the limestone deposits of Telengana ?
The limestone deposits are being mined by cement industries in Nalgonda,Vikarabad,peddapalli,and Manchiriyal districts .
24.) Where could we found Tan Brown Granite deposits in Telengana ?
The Tan Brown Granite deposits can be found in Karimnagar District.
25.) Where is marble being exported ?
Depending upon the proportion of reddish brown marble is mostly exported to china and South East Asian countries .
26.) Where could we find Blue Lime stone in Telengana ?
The Tandur Blue Lime stone slab is available in vakarabad district .
27.) Where are the uranium deposits of telengana situated ?
The uranium deposits of Telengana are found with estimated reserve of 11 tonnses in Lambapur,Pulicharala,Nammampuram and yellapuram villeges of Nalgonda district .
28.) Where are the coal deposits of Telengana ?
Telengana is the only state in the only state in the entire southern India that contains vast deposits
Of coal is being mined by singhareni collieries company Limited .
29.) How minerals can be extracted out ?
Minerals can be extracted out for use by humans through the process of mining or digging the earth.these are called open cast mining and underground mining. .
30.) What is open cast mining ?
There are several ways of mining.we can just make a large pit and keep extracting the minerals .we can blast and remove granites ,barites etc. This is called open cast mining .
31.) What is underground mining?
When we build underground tunnels to mine minerals that lie very deep, this is called underground mining .
32.) What are the disturbances of mining practices ?
Most of the mining process result in disturbing the surface area. It means cutting down forests, destroying fields and habitations, creating large pits or mounds.
33.) How mines pollutes the river ?
Mines need large amounts of water to wash the minerals .This results in polluting the nearby rivers and water resources .
34.) How land is disturbed by Mines ?
The pollution of rivers usually means the older use of the land cannot be continued and farmers or tribal people have to leave the land .Even people who live nearby ,face problem created by mining.
35.) What are the advantages of mining ?
Mi ning employes number of people who come to live in nearby areas and build new townships . It thus provides livelihood .For nearly ten lakh people of India and one lakh people of Telengana .
36.) How mines causes health damage ?
The work of miners is also very hazardous as they are constantly exposed to accidents apart from inhaling poisonous substances which cause long term health damage .
37.) Why mineral wealth is considered as the property of the govt .?
Mineral usually occur deep in the earth .They in fact do not belong to all the people of the country and have to be used in everyone’s interest .That is why all the mineral wealth of a state is considered the property of the Govt. The govt uses the minerals keeping in mind the interest of all thepeople of the country .
38.) Who were the owners of the mines during independence ?
At the time of independence ,mines were mostly owned and operated by private owners and companies .
39.) Why the owner of the mines did not care at proper development of the mines ?
The owners of the mines were only interested as much profit as possible in short time and did not care for the proper development of the mines or about the safety of the workers .
40.) When did the govt own the mines ?
In 1970the govt took over all the mines of Telengana .
41.) Why the govt had owned all the mines of our state ?
The govt owned all the mines of our state and operated them to sell the minerals to various factories or traders or export them .In this way ,it was able to control the extent of mining so that there is no over exploitation or use of methods which were dangerous or harmful to people ,especially the workers .
42.) What did the govt ensured ?
The govt has ensured that the important minerals like fuels, precious metals etc were to be mined for public benefit .
43.) How production of minerals become stagnant ?
The govt was not able to bring in new and more sophisticated technologies for mining and it was not able to survey and find out about new deposits of minerals .Thus production of minerals stagnated.
44.) When did the new national mineral policy was announced ?
A new national mineral policy was announced in 1993 and the govt allowed private companies to lease mines and operate them .
45.) How did the govt retain regulatory control over the mining ?
The mining companies were to pay a royalty to the govt for the minerals they extracted and sold . In this way the govt could retain regulatory control over the mining ,get income from them and at the same time encourage private companies to invest money and bring in new technologies.
46.) Which mineral has been controlled by only the govt ?
The govt continues to control mining of all minerals relating to atomic energy .
47.) What are the newer development in mining industry ?
As a result of new policy there has been a boom in mining during the last twenty five years .There has been a major increase in the number of mines ,and the employment in the mining sector .
48.) Why the uncontrolled mining were environmentally very harmful ?
Uncontrolled mining by the private companies far in excess of the permits given to them so they have complete disregard for environmental and safety measures . Excess mining means that more quantity of the mineral is mined than is sustainable in long term. It also means that the minerals are taken away by companies without paying royalty to the government. Thus the people to whom the minerals really belong do not get anything .It can also be environmentally very harmful.
49.) Why did the new mining companies prefer open cast mining ?
The new mining companies do not want underground mining as it costs more money and instead prefer open cast mining. This is much cheaper way of mining.
50.) Where are the coal deposits of Telengana ?
There are extensive coal deposits in the four districts of peddapelli.Mancharyal, Badradri,Adilabad,jagityal and jayshankar .
51.) Who operates the coal mines of Telengana ?
The coal mines of Telengana are operated by the singareni colliaries companies limited (sccl ).
52.) Who purchased the sccl ?
In 1920 sccl was purchased by the Nizam of Hyderabad.
53.) when did sccl was established ?
Sccl was established by a British mining company in 1886. After independence the government of India took over sccl and is jointly owned by the government of india and the state government of Telengana .
54.) How many mines are there in Telengana ?
Sccl is currently operating 15 open cast and 35 underground mines in 4 districts of Telengana ..
55.) What are the dangers of mining ?
A tunnel may fall down or get flooded by water or there can be fire and suffocation due to poisonous. Gases.
56.) Who monitors safety aspects of mines ?
Director General of mines safety monitors safety aspects and periodical medical examination of the mines of Telengana .
57.) What is Black lung disease ?
The workers underground are not only exposed to accidents, but constantly inhale coal dust which causes the dreaded Black lung disease a form of Tuberculosis.
58.) How these disease is treated ?
There are detailed guidelines for medical check up of the miners and their treatment. Employees below 45 years have to undergo through routine check ups every 5 years . Employees above 45 years have thorough routine check ups every 3 years .Miners with black lung diseaseare usually transferred to a different department of the ground .
59.) Why the use of coal has been increased in this recent years ?
Recently there has been a great demand for coal ,especially for thermal power plants .
60.) How the production of coal will be increased ?
The sccl is devising plans for increasing production by shifting to open cast mining . It has therefore set about 15 open cast mines and introduced fully automatic machines through private contractors .
61.) Why these coal mines will be unavailable in Telengana ?
It is said that the coal reserves of these open cast mining areas will be exhausted in 10-15 years after which there can be no mining in this area .
63.) where is the coal mines of Telengana located ?
Jalagum vengal rao open cast mine is located in sattapully in khammam district
64.) When did the open cast mining started ?
The open cast mining started at sattapully in 2005..
65.) What kind of machines are used in the mines of sattapully ?
Almost all the machines of mines are done using machines such as bulldozers, motor graders, shovels, drills ,water sprinklers ,tipper trucks which can carry heavy loads of coal .showel and bulldozers are used to remove top soil or overburden and rocks .
66.) How much quantity of of coals is mined in JVR open cast mine ?
Everyday about 10,000 tonnes of coal is mined and transported from open cast mine .
67.) What are the problems of open cast mining ?
Open cast mining is cost effective when compared to underground mining .However the impacts are not environment friendly .for example ,about 550 hectares of land including lankapally reserved forest land have been attempting to plant trees on these lands and reduce pollution
68.) Why should we think of protecting environment ?.
While exploiting natural resources, it is essential to think various ways to protect environment.