Telangana SCERT Solution Class VIII (8) Social Studies Chapter 5 The Polar Regions.
1.) Do you agree with the following statements?
Give reasons for your agreement or disagreement.
- The notion of private property is important to protect the forest.
Answer
I agree with the above statement because the increase in urbanization has caused rural area to reduce and forest area to great extents as people settle down here building there private property by destroying the forest.
- All forests need to be protected by human beings.
Answer
I agree because Forest provides human with the minerals, raw materials, and most importantly oxygen that means in order to survive we need forest and it should be protected by us.
- Over the centuries most people living on earth have reduced their dependence on forest for their livelihood
Answer
I agree with the statement because by time technology has changed and dependence on forest for livelihood as changed people don’t anymore live in forest to seek shelter they have build proper houses.
Event | ChangesAffecting tribal life | Impact on forest |
1.Emergence of agriculture | The tribals changed their traditional foods, and began to grow crops like cereals, grains etc. | As the tribals started shifting to agriculture crop cultivation. Forest land changed as agricultural land, but they took care to ensure that they didn’t effect the biodiversity. |
2.Arrival of the colonial rules | The tribal lost their control and rights over the forests. The colonial laws restricted the rights of tribal and uses of forests so they became homeless . | Forests were under the control of Britishers and land was handed over to farmers and zamindars. They consumed much wood for there industries development. |
3.Government rules | Till date these tribal people are suffering the same problems as the Govt. still follows the same policy and nothing as change from the colonial rule. | In 1988, the government declared National Forest Policy. To protect the tribalsand regeneration of forests. |
4.) Observe the map of the forests in Telangana and find out which district (s) has/have the maximum forest covered area?
Answer
In Telangana the District of Adilabad has largest area under forest.
In terms of percentage area under forest:
- Khammam stands 1st with 48.9% of total geographical area under forests,
- Adilabad stands 2nd with 44.9%,
- Warangal stands 3rd with 28.88%.
5.) A few children in a school participated in Vanamahothsavam programme and they planted some saplings. How would you respond to this?
Answer
I would be proud of this Children as they are the future of our nation this gesture by this children of planting the sampling should be set an as example for our society. The children’s participation in this brightens the future of the country and to survival of our next generation.
6.) Read the paragraph under the Heading ‘Forests of Telangana’ and answer the question?
Answer
About 26,904 sq kilometres of the region has been declared as forests by the government but only 7% are forest lands which are open grounds and with very few trees so the Telangana Government initiated massive plantation programme in 2015 with the aim to increase the forest cover which is aimed to plant about 230 crore saplings in four years time. The increased plantation helps in high rainfall and abundant water sources. It also prevents soil erosion. So government is seriously focused on plantation of saplings. The preservation, restoration and improvement of the natural and social environment is the major issue all over the world.We destroyed and we have to payback in order to maintain a proper biodiversity we need to plant more sampling.
7.) What is the difference between Evergreen forests and Deciduous forests?
Answer
The differences are;
- Evergreen grows regions which get very high rainfall and have a very warm climate whereas Deciduous grows in regions where it rains in only some months and is warm and dry during most of the year.
- Evergreen trees shed their leaves at different times of the year whereas deciduous trees have a particular time for their leaves to shed.
- Evergreen forests are found in Andaman and Nicobar Island whereas Deciduous forests are found in Madhya Pradesh ,Uttar Pradesh Bihar.
- Important evergreen trees areJamun, canes, bamboos, kadam and the Important deciduous trees are Vegi, Ageisamaddi, Gittegi, Neem, Teak.
8.) Observe the pictures on page 59 and write a comment.
Answer
The Human being have grown selfish and greedy by time they are never satisfied with what they have they want more and more. Earlier we used to live in the jungle/forest in harmony with the animals and plants but as we evolved we started destroying this jungles in order to urbanize it and the animals who were free are now under fences. In order to support the biodiversity trees and animals play a major role and if we destroy them there is no chance for the future generation to survive. We need to understand this is not just our world but also theirs (animals & plants) too.
Additional Questions and Answers
1.) what are the meanings of forest to different people ?
Forest means many things to different people. Some people are afraid of forest thinking that it is the home of wild animals,snakes,insects,and dangerous places like deep gorges,cliffs,and rocks .Others have no such fear and walk around the forest as if it were their home and even play in the forest .To some forest are sacred places whose deities are worshipped .To yet others it is a place from where they get raw materials like timber ,bomboo,or beedi leaf ,or hunt animalsand sell them in the market.
2.) Why different people uses forest differently ?
Different people uses forest differently. Some people live in simple shelters in the forest and grow a few vegetables etchant gather fruits and tubers and hunt for small animals .some others use forest to graze their animals sheep, goat cow etc .some others cultivate by making small clearings or podu in the forest. Many people use forest by cutting trees and bamboos and sell them to paper factories ,or furniture factories in the towns .Yet others look at forest as places which can be converted into fields, tourist resorts etc.
3.) What is a forest ?
Forest is a large tract of land covered by trees .
4.) What are the features of a forest ?
Forest have many features;
1.) A large tract stretching several kilometres in length and breadth .
2.) A tree cover under grown bushes ,plants ,grasses, and creepers which grows with little interference of human being.
3.) considerable bio-diversity where many kinds of plants and animals live and breed naturally without interference .
4.) In india at least most forest are inhabited by people who have been living in them by adapting themselves to the conditions of the forest but without changing them too much .
5.) Why forest are used ?
Forest are used for variety of purposes for food ,medicine ,wood ,for building cottege,making agricultural tools,fuel,grazing animals .
6.) Where do forest grow ?
Several thousands years ago forest grew almost everywhere ,where there is soil ,sunshine, and rain .
7.) Where does the forest not grow ?
Forest does not grow only in the Arctic region or high up in the snow covered Himalayas or sandy or rocky deserts or on sandy sea coast .
8.) Why forest are cut down ?
Forest are cut down for agriculture, mines , plantations, industries etc.
9.) How can we classify forest ?
Forest can be classified on the basis of different criteria we can classify them on the basis of how dense orsparce the vegetation is .There are three kind of forest .1.Dence forest 2.open scrub forest 3.very dense forest 4.Degraded forest .
10.) How density of trees are to be defined ?
The density of trees depend upon the nature of rainfall, and temperature .
11.) Why different kinds of trees grown in different places ?
Combination of rainfall .temperature and cycle of dry ,wet ,and hot month etc .for example some trees such as coniferous trees like pine only grow in very cold climate which also have snowfall .some trees like teak grow in regions of moderate rain and warm temperature .
12.) How many kinds of forest are there ?Write their name .
There are four kinds of forests .1Evergreen forest 2.Desiduous forest 3.Thorny forest 4.Littoral forest and swamp forest .
13.) Where can we found evergreen forest ?
Regions which can be very high rainfall and also have a very warm climate such as equatorial regions like Kerala and Andaman in India have evergreen forest .
14.) What are the characteristics of Evergreen forest ?
Evergreen forest are always green as the trees shed their old leaves but get new leaves very soon because of moisture and warmth they get and grow constantly .
15.) Give some example of Evergreen trees ?
Jamuns, canes,bamboos , kadams etc are evergreen forest .
16.) Do you know wheather we have evergreen forest or not in Telengana ?
No we don’t have any evergreen forest in Telengana .
17.) Where do we can get Evergreen forest ?
We can get different kind of evergreen forest in Himalayas .
18.) why some trees are called coniferous trees ?
The evergreen trees of Himalayan region have leaves which are very thin and shaped like needles and do not allow the snow to rest on them .so they are called coniferous trees .
19.) Where does deciduous trees grow ?
Desiduous treess grows in region where it rains only for some months and is warm and dry for most of the year and shed leaves in dry months .
20.) How many kinds of Deciduous trees are there in Telengana ?
There are two kinds of deciduous trees in Telengana .one which receives more rain and one which receives less rain .
21.) Where could we find deciduous trees in telengana ?
In Telengana Deciduous forests are found in Adilabad,Manchurya,Nagar Kurnool ,jay Shankar,and Badradi districts.
22.) What kind of trees can be found in areas of less rainfall .?
In areas of less rainfall we have trees like Maddi (Arjuna )Teak ,Ageisa,Bhandaru,Gittegi in Telengana.
23.) where does we find deciduous forest in Telengana of less rainfall ?
Deciduous forest can be found in Adilalabad,warrangal ,khammam,Nijamabad ,karimnagar,and some areas of Mahabubnagar districts,
24.) Where are thorny bushes are grown ?
Thorny bushes are grown in very dry areas with little rain fall and high temperature .
25.) What are the thorny bushes of Telengana ?
Babul,(Thumma ) Belusu ,Regu ,,Moduga,seetaphal Neem etc are the common thony beshes of Telengana .
26.) Where from can we found the thorny bushes of Telengana ?
Nalgonda,Mahabubnagar and some parts of Medek districts thorny bushes are found .
27.) which parts of thorny bushes conserve water ?
Thorny bushes which have very tiny leaves and thorns helps to conserve water .
28.) Where does littoral or swamp forest are grown ?
Littoral or swamp forest are grown mostly on the sea coast and on the sandy beaches and marshy land and on lands affected by tidal waves .
29.) How swamp forest are adapted by ?
In marshy land and lands affected by tidal waves ,the trees are adapted to salt water and the flow of tidal waves .
30.) What are Mangrove forest ?
Forests those are typically sub merged for some hours of the day and recede is known as Mangrove forest .
31.) What are the typical vegetation of coastal region ?
Uppu ponna ,Boddu ponna,uruda,Mada,Tella Mada,Guddu mada ,Kudili and bella are some of the typical vegetation of coastal region .
32.) What is the total area of forest in Telengana ?
About 26,904sq. kilometres of the region has been declared as forest by the government .
33.) What is the rate of percentage of forest in Telenganaa ?
About 24% of land cover the forest of Telengana .
34.) Why forest are dwindling ?
Forest cover dwindles because of felling,encroachment,and minning .
35.) How much area of telengana lost every year ?
Every year 30 sq. kilometre of forest are lost in Telengana .
36.) what are steps taken by telengana govt, for a more green cover over the state ?
Because of the lost green cover few years back Telengana govt,has initiatedmassive plantation programme in 2015 with the aim to increase the forest cover .It is planned to plant about 230 crore saplings in four years time .
37.) Where these plantation programme had taken place ?
As a part of plantation programme the saplings were planted near the open spaces in habitations of the people . on both sides of the roads ,on all tank bunds, in all public places like schools ,colleges and in universities and hospitals and in office premises
38.) How does green cover helps us ?
The increased green cover resulted by plantation helps in high rain fall and abundant water sources.
39.) What is the major issue all over the world ?
The preservation ,restoration ,and improvement of natural and social envioronment is the major issue all over the world .
40.) What does the major issue of the world includes ?
The major issue of the world includes conservation of natural resources ,prevention of pollution ,and sustainable use of land .
41.) What is the full form of NTTP ?
The full form of NTTP is non –timber forest product .
42.) How many tribal people of Telengana live in forest ?
About 60% of Tribal people of Telengana live in f orest .
43.) What does the people Pennugulu use for cultivation ?
People of pennugaolu use the forest around them for pudu collection ,collection of forest produce like food items ,fruits tuburs etc items for sale like beedi leaves ,medicinal plants ,bamboos tamarind etc.
44.) How does the Tribal people treated the forest ?
Before the British time ,the Tribal people treated the forest as their own .It was a sacred land for them and they used the land without causing damage to it or the animals in it .
45.) Why the total area of Telengana get reduced greatly ?
During the last two hundred years ,after the establishment of the British rule ,in India the tribal people gradually lost their control and rights over the over the forest .since the forest were rapidly cut down for various purposes and the total area under forest get reduced greatly.
46.) What arew the different uses of wood ?
Woods are used for various purposes like buildings,railways,ships,factories,mines,houses,furnitures etc.and in paper industry .
47.) What is the difference between Reserve forest and protected forest?
Reserve forest are forest in which no one can enter .
Protected forest are forest that could be used by people,could take headlioads of wood and small forest produce for their own use and could graze their cattle .
48.) Who among the Tribals of Telengana cultivated land ?
In the northern district of Telengana ,the goands cultivated setteled agriculture while the Kolas practised pudu cultivation .
49.) How does the tribal people lost the right over their lands ?
The govt.was eager to hand over the land to zamindars and cultivators from other areas so that they could settle down and cultivate the lands and pay revenue to the govt.They had to sell off their land to moneylenders and they lost whatever they had .
50.) What is the cause of unending insecurity of the tribal people of Telengana ?
The forest department officials usually belonged to district rich communities who regarded the tribal people as ignorant and dangerous and had no sympathy for them . They exploited the helpless tribals, cheated them and constantly harassed them .This created eviction and mopping operations
From 1920 to 1940.this created an atmosphere of unending insecurity for the tribal people of Telengana.
51.) What did the national leader of post independence India decided about the tribal people of Telengana ?
At the time of independence,our national leaders were debating wheather it was better for Tribal people to be left alone to lead their traditional life style in the forest or should they be made to adapt settled agriculture ,modern education and industrial work .
52.) What does the Indian govt.understood about the forest dwellers of Telengana ?
The Indian govt understood that the protection of forest was impossible without the active role of the Tribals.
53.) What was the new policy of the forest depertment ?
The new policy of the forest department and local committees were expected to collaborate in regenerating degraded forest by planting trees .The committees were allowed to use the grass and other minor forest products .
54.) What is the full form of CFM?
CFM means community forest management .
55.) What was the forest Rights Act of 2006 ?
After a prolonged debate the parliament passed the forest right act in 2006 .For the first time it was accepted that during the last 200 hundred years gross injustice had been done to tribal people and others by denying their traditional rights over forest which actually belonged to them .It was also recognised that it was impossible to preserve forest without restoring the rights of the tribals.
56.) What was the reasons behind the passing of the new forest laws ?
The forest act gave three main reasons for passing the new law-
Firstly to conserve the forest and at the same time ensure livelihood and food security of the forest dwellers.
Secondly, the forest right act of colonial India resulted historical injustice to the forest dwellers who is integral part of to the very survival and sustainability of the forest .
Please change the chapter name instead of polar regions keep Forest:Using and Protecting
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