Telangana SCERT Class 8 Social Studies Solution Chapter 4 The Polar Regions

Telangana SCERT Solution Class VIII (8) Social Studies Chapter 4 The Polar Regions.

1.) Re-write the false statements with correct ones:

a) Animal body parts were used only in clothing.

Answer

False

Animal body parts were not only used in clothing but also for food, sleeping bags , construction of houses and in making weapons.

b) Major part of the food includes vegetables.

Answer

False

Meat, fat and fish are the major part of the food as due to cold weather Vegetables are scarce.

c) Popular games amongst the people in Tundra are closely related to their daily lives.

Answer

True

d) Contact with people from outside impacted Eskimos health.

Answer

True

2.) Based on what you studied about equator regions in Class VII, how is polar region different?

Answer

The Sun’s rays fall slantingly on this region so there are two main seasons.Formation of day and night occurs in one year.The people of this region lead nomadic life and have less contacts with rest of the world. Meat, fat and fish are the major part of the food as due to cold weather Vegetables are scarce

3.) What are the ways in which life of people in Tundra are dependent on climate of the region? Describe in the context of following aspects

Answer

  • Food

Vegetables and Grains can’t be grown here due to extreme cold weather so mostly people here are depend on meat and fish which they hunt. They don’t cook the food they eat it raw. They store the food in the frozen ice for long winter months.

  • Travel

They need vehicles which are wide in shape to travel in ice. So they build Vehicles called sledges to travel. These are drawn by polar dogs. They use kayaks and umiaks to travel in waters and now they have motor boats

  • Shelter

In Eskimos language shelter means igloois a kind of house, not really the dome shaped snow-houses that many people associate with the word. The mostly live in tents made of animals made of animal skins and also they construct houses of ice blocks. They make sleeping bags out of the skins of animal they hunted.

4.) Create a wall paper with illustrations and descriptions comparing life with between your location and with that of Tundra.

Answer

The differences are

  • Day and night occur daily in our location and in tundra region day & night occurs once in a year.
  • Temperature are high/hot in our region whereas it’s very cold/low in the tundra region .
  • We can find trees everywhere around our location and in the tundra due to extreme weather we only find bushes.
  • People here have a permanent house and people in tundra go from place to place living a nomadic life.
  • People in our location go to bazar to buy our food for our daily needs and in tundra region people eat what they hunt like fish and polar bear meat.

5.) Imagine one entire day (24 hours) when the sun does not set and another day when there is no sun. What changes will this make in your daily lives? Write a short note on them.

Answer

When the Sun does not set: We won’t know when is the night time it will feel like a long 24 hour daylight which will cause a lot of confusion with the time of the day. In order to sleep we have to shut all doors and windows and try to make the room dark to sleep.

When there is no Sun: This will cause a lot of problem with what time of the day it is and doing our daily activity will be tough as there will be no light/ray from the sun. In order to do any kind of work we need arrange lights probably flood lights to get light everywhere by the use of lamps or electricity.

Our lives will complete change and this is possible for only one day.

6.) Find out the living places of Eskimos in the world map.

Answer

The places where the Eskimos live are

  • Greenland,
  • Alaska,
  • Canada,
  • Siberia,
  • Lapland.

Additional Questions and Answers:

1.) What is polar region?

Ans The region which lies near the poles is called the polar region .

2.) What is the boundary of polar region ?

Ans The Arctic circle is the boundary of polar region.

3.) What is Tundra ?

The northern part of the continent within the polar region is known as the Tundra.

4.) What is Tundra vegetation  ?

Ans Since the Tundra region gets very little sunlight it has a unique type of vegetation known as the Tundra region .

5.) When it is almost dark in Tundra region ?

Ans.It is almost dark throughout November, December, and January in tundra region.

6.) When it is bitterly cold in Tundra region ?

Ans This is the winter of the Tundra and it is bitterly cold during the month.

7.) Explain the weather of Tundra region ?

Ans.When it is extremely cold in tundra water freezes to become ice .In this extreme cold the water of the rivers, lakes, and seas freezes. Strong cold winds blow and there is heavy rainfall.

8.) why tundra region become dark ,deserted ,and desolate ?

Ans .Due to the severe cold dark and icy conditions, all the plants die. Even birds and animals leave this region and migrate elsewhere And the region becomes dark, deserted ,and desolate .

9.) When the sun  shines  in the tundra region ?

Ans.The sun begins to shine in the tundra region around February –March .In the beginnings the sun shines for a maximum an hour and a half and then sets .Gradually it lengthens to 2 hours ,6 hours , 8 hours ,16 hours and finally for almost three months from May to july the sun never sets .It shines all 24 hours .

10.) What is Horizon ?

Ans. The Horizon is the place where the earth appears to meet the sky ?

11.) What is iceberg ?

Ans . Huge  chunks of ice breaks off and float into the ocean as icebergs .

12.) How does the birds and animals feed themselves ?

Ans When summer approaches many multicoloured plants ,lichens, grass ,shrubs ,and berries sprout all around . They bear flowers and fruits of different colours Many birds and animals come to feed on them.

13.) Why most of the Tundra is tree less ?

Ans.AS there is little soil ,only some small plants can grow . The underground soil being hard . It is difficult for trees to grow ,the trees get damaged and uprooted with the strong winds and storms .So most of the Tundra region is tree less .

14.) How is the Arctic Region ?

Ans. TheArctic region   is a region of vast treeless plains ,icy seas,and barren rocky islands.

15.) Where does the Eskimos ?

Ans The Eskimos live in the harsh cold land of Arctic region .They live in the scattered settlements in Greenland ,Canada,Alaska,and Siberia .

16.) What are the livelihood of the Eskimos ?

Ans .For  thousands of years the Eskimo were isolated from other people . They lived by hunting,and fishing and they developed a way of well suited to their homeland .

17.) What is the most commonly accepted meaning of the word Eskimo  ?

Ans the most commonly accepted meaning of the word Eskimo is sno9wshoe netter .

18.) What are the two main groups of the Eskimos ?

Ans Inuit,and yupic were the two main group of the Eskimos .

19.) What is meaning of Inuit ?

Ans Inuit  in their language  means  ‘’the people; or the real . people ,.

20) What are the language of the Eskimos ?

Ans There are three man languages of the Eskimos  are –Aluit,Yupic ,and Inuit .

21.) When did the Eskimos entered in North America ?

Ans The Eskimos first entered North America about 5000 years ago. Crossing the Bering street from Asia

22.) what is uniac ?

Ans The open boat by which the Eskimos travel in coastal area is called uniac .

23.) How does the eskimo0s live ?

Ans –The Eskimos move from place to place throughout the year ,following a fairly fixed order of seasonal activities They spend the winter near the coast ,hunting for seals and fishing . In summer they move inland to hunt caribou and gather berries .They cross snow and ice on sledges pulled by Dogs ,

24.) What are the new form of Transportation ?

Ans In recent years motor boats have largely replaced by sledges ,and kayaks .

25.) When is caribou is  hunted  by the Eskimos ?

Ans Caribous are hunted in the inland during summer and early autumn .

26.) What is kayaks ?

Ans Kayaks are small canoe like boats made of animal skins streacheds over a wooden frame .

27.) What is the diet of the Eskimos  ?

Ans Meat,fat and fish make up a large part of the Eskimo diet .

28.) What is the meaning iof igloo ?

Ans The eskimo word igloo means shelter .

29.) What is mukluks ?

Ans What are the advantage and disadvantage of seal skin ?

Ans The seal skin has the advantage of being waterproof .but it has the disadvantage of being very hot .

30.) Give a brief discussion of the decoration of tools by the Eskimos ?

Ans The Eskimos decorate tools and objects of everyday use .such decoration makes peoples possession very personal .Bone ivory ,wood and soft stone are used to make small figure of people

And animals as well as weapons and tools .Tools are carefully carved to fit the hand of the user .

31.) Discuss about the religion of the Eskimos ?

Ans Eskimo religion shows deep concern for life ,health ,sickness,starvation and death .The Eskimo believe that spirits control the life of people .All Eskimo group believe in a sila and spirits such as sedan ,the goddess of life ,health,and food. They believe that people and animals have souls that live

After death .But each group has certain belief and rituals of its own .Each person ,family or group has taboos forbidding certain actions such as  particular kind of of food .Each group has some  major ceremonies performed at birth .

32.) Who are shamans ?

People among the Eskimos who are skilled in performing rituals and believed to help and keep a contacts with the spirit world is called shamanas .

33.) What was the recreation of the Eskimos ?

Ans wrestling,racing,and harpoon throwing contests and other vigiorus activities are popular recreations of the Eskimos .

34.) when did Russians entered in Siberia and Alaska ?

In 1728 the Russians had arrived in Siberia and northern Alaska. .

35.) What brought many changes in the life of the Eskimos ?

After 1850 the arrival of the Europeans and American whalers and fir traders brought many changes in the life of Eskimos .Eskimos worked for the whalers and sold fir to the traders .The outsiders  in turn provided a steady source of metal tools,and weapons  .This brings changes in the life of the Eskimos

37.) What kind of diseases brought in the polar region by the Eskimos .

Ans Diseases like smallpox,tuberculosis,mumps ,scarlet fever,influenja,whooping cough ,pneumonia ,mumps ,and diphtheria were the most dangerous diseases brought by the outsiders in polar region .

38.) what is Boom and Bust?

Ans  The pattern of the relationship between the Eskimos and outsiders has been described as boom and Bust.

36.) What is Temperate zone ?

AnsAs we move northwards or southwards of the Tropical belt . we reach  a region where it get warms , in summer but also very cold in winters .This is Temperate Zone .

37.) where is polar region ?

If we move further north or south of the temperate belt we will reach at the polar region .

38.) what happens in polar region ?

Ans.The seasons in polar region are very peculiar . this region is  far away from the sun during winter months and does not get any sunshine in the day .That is for  six months there is no sunshine on the poles.For the next six month it constantly faces the sun throughout the 24 hours of a day .There is no night or darkness .

39.) Why the Arctic ocean remain frozen throughout the year ?

Ans.In winter season the polar region gets very slanting rays of sun .The sun does not rise high in the blue sky .But only stays just above the sunrise point .so it never get very hot .so far six months it is freezing colt and the Arctic ocean remains  frozen thgroughtout  the year .

40.) what kind of plants grow in polar region ?

In polar region when the sun appears for six months the snow melts .parts of the sea also melts and small plants like moss ,lichen ,and some flowering plants.

Updated: March 25, 2024 — 5:17 pm

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