Telangana SCERT Class 8 Social Studies Solution Chapter-19 (Social and Religious Reform Movements)

Telangana SCERT Solution Class VIII (8) Social Studies Chapter-19 (Social and Religious Reform Movements)

 

1) Do you agree with the following statement : “Western education and Christian Missionaries influenced the Social and Religious reform movement in India”? Why?

Answer

Yes I agree with the above statement that “Western education and Christian Missionaries influenced the Social and Religious reform movement in India” because this Christian Missionaries criticised the existing religious practices and beliefs & also established many educational institutions, hospitals and charity services with the view of serving the poor and needy which  helped in spreading many new ideas among people for example

  • People adopt some of the positive qualities of European culture like freedom and respect for women, work ethic, etc.
  • People fought against Sati and Law was made to encourage widow remarriages.
  • People no longer worshipped Idols.

 

2) What was the importance of printing press in the development of reform movement?

Answer

After the introduction of printing press in India people could easily get a large number of newspapers and magazines which was published in different Indian languages.This made information accessible to a large number of people at a very low cost. The people were provided with information about the policies and situation of the country and carriedout debates and discussion which gave birth to feelings of nationalism and revolution in the readers and this led to the social reform movement.

 

3) The main idea behind religious reform was to end complex rituals, worshipping of many gods and idol worship, purdah system. Do you think people have accepted these reforms? Explain.

Answer

Yes people have accepted this reform because great scholar started different Religious reform movements to end complex rituals, worshipping of many gods and idol worship, purdah system, etc. The scholars made people believe that there is only one god, worshipping of idols and making sacrifices were incorrect and woman should be treated well and sati should be abolished completely.

 

4) Why do you think people like Ramabai paid special attention to the condition of widows?

Answer

Ramabai paid special attention to the condition of widows because woman had no economic freedom and education and they were dependent on the men. So if the woman became self-supporting they can assert their rights and stand on their own feet.  Ramabai thought that “it was the biggest sin to endure the ill deeds and not oppose them.” So, they paid special attention to the condition of widows.

 

5) Explain the role of Raja Rammohan Roy as a social reformer in India in the 19th century.

Answer

The role were

  • Roy was a scholar in many languages and studied numerous religious philosophies which enlightened him and the people.
  • He said it was incorrect to criticise the religions practiced by others and we should respect all religion.
  • He made people believe like there is only one God, rituals and priests should be rejected, all religions should be respected.
  • He founded the BrahmoSamaj where people believed in One God and a universal religion.

 

6) What was the main concern of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in promoting English Education?

Answer

The main concern were:

  • The problems between British and Muslimgovernment cannot be stopped without modern education.
  • Muslims participation in government job was low.
  • Women were denied education, purdah system was still in practice and no equality in society.
  • The gaps between religion and technology had huge differences.

 

7) Different leaders thought of different ways in which the ‘untouchable’ castes could be made equals with all others. Make a table with the suggestions of leaders like Phule, Bhagya Reddy Varma, Narayana Guru, Ambedkar and Gandhiji.

Answer

The suggestions are:

Phule:

He opened special school for low castes and wrote many books on caste discrimination.He encouraged to conduct marriage and death ceremonies without the Brahmins.

Bhagya Reddy Varma :

Dalits were the original inhabitant of the area and they were forcefully suppressed by higher castes. He opened special schools and also opposed religious misdeeds on dalit girls.

Narayana Guru:

He preached the idea of ‘One Jathi, One God and One Religion for all’ and in his set up temples no caste discrimination would be practised and very simple rituals would be followed without Brahmin priests. He even said that building schools for children was more important than building temples.

Gandhiji:

Gandhiji started a movement against untouchability in which he called the ‘untouchable’ castes as Harijans or ‘People of God’. He wanted to ensure them equal access to temples, water sources and schools. This campaign helped to bring millions of Dalits into the national movement.

Ambedkar:

Ambedkarargued that the dalits should vote separately for dalit candidates to the legislatures and alsothat there should be seat reserved for dalits in the Government houses.

 

8) Why does caste remain such a controversial issue today? What do you think was the most important movement against caste in colonial times?

Answer

The issue of caste system are

  • Many people are biases of caste systems even today and still follow the old cast system.
  • Caste system have become highly political issue now because of reservations given to SCs, STs and OBCs. This has caused agitations.
  • No caste(higher or lower) will agree to cross there limitation till today.
  • People in a dispute bring up there cast and criticize the lower cast.
  • Still the higher cast people don’t allow smaller cast to enter their houses.

The most important movement could be the establishment of the Mohammedan Anglo Oriental (MAO) College at Aligarh in 1875 in course of time, this became the most important educational institution for Indian Muslims.

 

9) What did Ambedkar want to achieve through the temple entry movement?

Answer

Ambedhkar wanted to achieve the following:

  • He wanted to end caste discrimination.
  • He wanted everyone to have the right for access to public places.
  • He wanted to bring together all Dalits as a community who have suffered together.
  • He wanted the people to accept everyone has equal and we bleed the same.
  • He wanted to remove the huge discrimination to deny Dalits entry to the place of worship of their religion.
  • He also wanted to make people understand “All are equal before God and everyone has equal right on God”

 

10) How in your opinion were the movements of social reform effective in ridding Indian society of social evils? What social evils do you find today?

Answer

Social reform movements are important as it brings change in practices and ideas of people which helped suppressed people from all parts of society (religion, women, Dalits,etc). These movements banned exploitation of women and also made all religion & cast equal and people started believing in one god. India home to different cast & religion is still not free of this social evils such as:

  • Caste bias
  • Lynching
  • Dowry system
  • Regionalism

The main reason for a rise in social evils is corruption of the Government.

 

11) Create a pamphlet that reflects the issue of girls education and its importance.

Answer

Poster on Girls’ Education

 

Despite all the Policies & development by the government and voluntary organizations, a vast majority of the girls are yet illiterate in India. Education of girls is one of the basic features of the plan so many schools and colleges are founded for girl.

Education has led to their economic independence and equality with the menfolk. The woman of the present generation are smarter and more intellectual than men. They have now an honoured position in society and have secured their rights from the reluctant men but all this is confined chiefly to the urban areas. In rural areas most of the people are against girls education and old customs and belief are still followed. Woman are still neglected in some cast and are treated very badly and are not given any rights of choice or any nature.

 

12) What qualities of Social Reformers did you like? Why

Answer

The qualities are

  • The reformers respected every religion& people of different cast and believed everyone as equal
  • There Knowledge and the willingness to bring unity among people.
  • The reformers took recourse to propaganda in the Indian language to reach the masses.
  • They also used novels, dramas, short stories, poetry, the press and the cinema to spread their views.
  • They played an active and important role in the struggle for independence of the country.

Due to the hardwork of these reformists and other individuals many superstitious disappeared from the people mind and the people started creating unity among themselves without any cast or religion differences.

Updated: October 1, 2021 — 1:13 pm

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  1. It was really very helpful and reliable.This information is very useful to anyone and it helped me alot .

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