Telanagana SCERT Solution Class VII (7) Social Studies Chapter 9 Production in a Factory A Paper Mill.
(1) Imagine that you wish to start a leather or textile factory. What are the aspects you will have to consider for setting up a mill?
Ans: – The basic things use need to think about before starting any industry.
(i) Advantages of raw materials
(ii) Necessary water facilities.
(iii) Facilitation of factory waste product.
(iv) The right market for exporting goods.
(v) Provide adequate capital.
(vi) Taking the manufactured product to market.
(vii) Demand for manufactured products.
(2) Explain the process of paper-making in your own words.
Ans: – Paper is actually made in five stages they are
(a) Large words cut into small chips.
(b) Wood chips are boiled with some chemicals in large vessels.
(c) Chips are turned into a pulp.
(d) Creamy liquid pulp is spread on thin screens over a cylinder.
(e) The pulp dries up as the water drains out and evaporates due to heat.
(f) The dried pulp is forward through the conveyer belt.
(g) Then the drying pulp is pressed by rollers to smoothen it.
(h) When the pulp dries up completely we get a sheet of paper which is then rolled up.
(i) At last the papers cut in machines according the sije, then packed and ready for market.
(3) Do you think this paper mill will stop working one day? If it does, what will be the impact on the labourers’ lives?
Ans: – The paper mill cannot be closed for one day. Paper has an important role to play in our daily lives. Paper is deeply involved in our lives. Whether in business or in everyday life, it is inevitable to use it everywhere. We wake up in the morning and have our newspaper on the tea table.
The schools collages and offices have the use of paper. Even the bus ticket is also made of paper. If the paper mill is closed, a large scale production will be stooped. Each of us must fall into difficulty. Stopping the manufacturing process will put a lot of pressure on the workers.
(4) Imagine a world without paper. What alternatives will you use instead of paper?
Ans: – I can’t imagine a world without paper. Paper is an integral part of our lives. In my opinion, there is no alternative to paper.
(5) What are your suggestions to stop the pollution caused by industries?
Ans: – It is not preventable that the things of daily use of the people will be produced in the factory. The smoke emitted from all those objects pollutes our environment. To same environment from that pollution, a lot of trees have to be planted. Sue of unnecessary vehicles should be reduced. The age of plastics and plastics products should be reduced as much as possible.
(7) List the benefits and income received by a regular employee of the paper mill. Contrast them with that of a temporary employee and a casual worker.
Ans: – List regular employee benefit: –
(i) 15000+ salary per month
(ii) Provident fund
(iii) Medical insurance
(iv) If any employee cannot work due to accident he will be paid compensation by the factory.
(v) They will get an increment in salary
(vi) They get ESI
(vii) Regular holidays one day every weak on festivals and some additional leaves.
(viii) They also given allowances to buy the uniform and get it washed
(ix) They get bonus too.
(x) Additional amount paid to workers when the paper mill earn profits.
There is many difference between casual employee and temporary employee
Casual employees are much more important than temporary employees
The salary of temporary employees is much higher then the casual employee
Temporary employees can sometimes be permanent employees. But casual employees can never be permanent.
Casual employees are only involved in cleaning. Temporary employees are involved in bringing and taking goods.
Casual workers salary is 2500/month and temporary workers salary 8000/month.
(8) Compare the production of baskets by craftspersons and production of paper with reference to the following points: (i) Workplace (ii) Tools/machines (iii) Raw materials (iv) Workers (v) Market (vi) Owners
Ans: –
Basket | Paper |
(i) Basket making is a cottage industry that can be made at home | (i) The paper industry is a big industry and it needs big factories to built it. |
(ii) All you need a sharp kite to make the basket. | (ii) Making paper requires the help of large and heavy machines |
(iii) Wild date palm leaves can and bamboo. | (iii) Wood from bamboo _______ and subadul tree. Chemicals like common salt, Caustic soda. |
(iv) Any one or everyone of family member can do it. | (iv) Workers are devided into three stage permanent, temporary, casual. |
(v) The market for this industry small | (v) This industry need a great market |
(vi) Producers are the owners | (vi) This owners are very rich, sometimes they do partnership. |
(9) There is a paper mill at Sirpur Kagaznagar in Komrambheem district. Why do you think it is not established in the district headquarters? Discuss.
Ans: – Factories required a large quantity and a continuous supply of new material. The paper mill at Sirpur kagajnagar in Kombraleem district, not established in the district head quarters.
(11) Read the third para of page 91. Do you think that the factories are taking care of their workers health? Why?
Ans: – Obviously, I think that the factories are taking care of their workers health. If they don’t think about the workers, they doesn’t do provident fund, health insurance etc. The factory has taken acre of all these things thinking about their future.
Extra Questions and answers:
Q.1. Fill in the blanks.
1.) Subabul wood is mainly used in paper mill.
2.) Scrap paper is also recycled in paper mills.
3.) Paper is made in 5 stages.
4.) Chipping is the first stage of paper making.
5.) The small wood chips are sent to fibre line section.
6.) Roll is labelled with batch .
Q.2. Short answers.
1.) Name paper mills situated in Telangana.
Answer:- a. Sirpur kagaznagar , b. Bhadrachalam
2.) Define raw material.
Answer:- The material required to produce a commodity is called raw material.
3.) What does paper mill uses to make papers ?
Answer:- Paper mills generally use wood from bamboo, eucalyptus and subabul trees. Subabul wood is most widely used now.
4.) What chemicals are used in stages of paper making?
Answer:- Anumber of chemicals like common salt and caustic soda are also used in the different stages of paper-making.
5.) Where are paper mills established?
Answer:- Paper mills are generally established near forests where bamboo and other soft wood trees are available.
6.) What are stages of paper making. List them below.
Answer:- The stages of paper making are as follows:-
a.) Chipping
b.) Making of wood pulp
c.) Spreading the pulp
d.) Pressing, drying and rolling
e.) Cutting
7.) What things are preserved in godowns?
Answer:- The paper in the form of rolls and sheets is preserved in godowns.
8) Which all countries the papers are sold?
Answer:- The paper’s are sold in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Malaysia, Singapore, Nigeria and South Africa. The
Q.3. Long answers.
1.) Explain what is a batch ?
Answer:- When a lorry load of wood is brought into the factory, the entire quantity of wood is given a batch number. This batch is then sent to different sections one after the other.
2.) Write about the working hours and shifts of the workers in paper industries.
Answer:-
The paper mill runs 24 hours a day. The workers work in three shifts of eight hours each. They are ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ shifts. In each shift, about 800-900 workers are at work.
A Shift: 6 AM to 2 PM
B Shift: 2 PM to 10 PM
C Shift: 10 PM to 6 AM (Night Shift)
c.) Night shift workers get a special allowance. Workers change their shift cyclically.
d.) There is also a general shift for the administrative staff which is from 9.30 am to 5 pm. Administrative staff look after the management, accounts, trade and sales of the product and workers’ welfare activities etc.
3.) What are drawbacks of paper making industries?
Answer:-
a.) Most factories need raw materials in such large quantities that natural resources like forests, rivers and mines are rapidly exhausting.
b.) They also give out smoke and pollute the rivers and surrounding land with their chemical effluents.
c.) Thus, there is a need to develop methods to control the damage they cause to the environment.
4.) Write a note on process cutting.
Answer:- : Cutting is the last process of paper making. The paper is cut in the cutting machines according to the size required. Paper is made into rolls and sheets as well. It is then packed and sent to godowns.