Telangana SCERT Class 6 Social Studies Solution Chapter 7 Agriculture in Our Times

Telangana SCERT Solution Class VI (6) Social Studies Chapter 7 Agriculture in Our Times.

( 1 ) How can the government help farmers in Venkatapuram and prevent migration?

Venkatapuram is a village in the state of Andhra Pradesh. In order to prevent migration among the workers, the government should try to equipthem with numerous government employment scheme on a daily basis. If the farmers can avail the benefits of these rural government schemes, then they would not migrate to other urban areas or villages for the purpose of maintaining their livelihood. So, the government should take effective steps to enhance the development of rural economy. In this way, the government can render support to the farmers in Venkatapuram and hinder migration.

( 2 ) Fill in the following table :

PersonWages during normal season

Men                    During normal season, men workers receives a  wage of Rs200-250 on a regular basis.

Women               During normal season, women workers gets a wage of Rs 100- 130 on a daily basis. From this point we can infer that gender disparity exists in the field of work because women are paid much less in comparison to men for the same type of work.

PersonWages during harvesting season

Men                       During harvesting season, men receives a wage of Rs 100-150 . In order to get this wage, he have to work very fast , otherwise this amount of wage was also difficult to acquire.

Women During harvesting season, women workers gets a wage of Rs 100-150. This wage is determined on the amount of groundnuts she is able to pluck.

PersonWages in non – agricultural works

Men            During non – agricultural works, men receives a wage of more than 300 rupees for carrying out several activities like loading of sands or bricks and construction works. But this kind of work is rarely available.

Women        During non- agricultural works, women gets a wage of Rs 180-200 for executing similar type of work like the men . So, from this point it is clear that women workers are paid less amount of wages when compared to the men workers , instead of performing similar kind of work.

Person Wages paid in government schemes

Men Men receives a wage of Rs 150 on a regular basis in government employment scheme.

Women In government employment scheme, women also gets a wage of Rs 150 on a daily basis.

( 3 ) Compare the condition of a big farmer of your village with that of Vijay Kumar in Venkatapuram.

In Venkatapuram, Vijay Kumar is considered as one the big farmers who owned nearly 25 acres of land along with three borewells. He not only owned a big house but also possessed a thresher, a paddy harvester, a trailer and a tractor.In the course of time , he also obtained a bountiful harvest of groundnuts. He is also capable of buying more farm machines and borewells. Apart from farming ,he also earns extra income by selling the milk of his murrah buffaloes.  In addition to this , he also runs a fertilizer shop in the village. From the above points it was clear that , the condition of Vijay Kumar was quite better than compared to the condition of other farmers in Venkatapuram. In terms of income, a big famer in our village earns quite more in comparison to VijayKumar in Venkatapuram.

( 4 ) Who took a bank loan in Venkatapuram ? What was the reason for taking a bank loan ?

In Venkatapuram, mostly the poor farmers takes loan from banks for the purpose of buying agricultural products . These people does not possess sufficient quantity of land and lacks proper irrigational facilities. For this reason , they have to approach for loans from banks . With an aim of enhancing their productivity, they are bound to take loans from banks or money lenders. There is no fixed salary allocated for the farmers , so due to low productive yield they are prone to suffer tremendous loss. This is the sole reason, which forces the farmers to rely on the banks for loans.

( 5 ) How do banks and money lenders give loans to farmers ? Do you think borrowing from moneylenders is profitable? What are the alternate sources?

Money lenders usually charge a high rate of interest from the farmers for lending loans. These farmers lack proper irrigational facilities and owns a minimum quantity of land. If the crop productivity is extremely low, then they have to face severe difficulties to repay the loan. Borrowing from moneylenders is not a profitable option because if they fail to repay the loan , then they are bound to sell their land for the purpose of repaying the loan. So , this option seems to be quite risky for the farmers , as it can make them landless. As an alternative option, they can borrow money from banks . So, banks can act as a better option when compared to the moneylenders because banks does not charge high rates of interest like the moneylenders and also gives certain time relaxation to the farmers rather than grabbing their land .

( 6 ) How do you think the conditions of farmers can be improved?

Firstly, numerous schemes should be provided to the farmers with the help of which they can earn their living. The main problem lies in the root of agricultural transformation .People hardly notice any kind of change in the agricultural field. Due to which , there is rarely any improvement in agricultural income. The ultimate aim is not to increase the agricultural income but rather to boost the productive yield. So, effective methods should be adopted in order to enhance the productivity. Owing to this miserable situation, most of the farmers are trying to shift their occupation from agriculture to other profitableactivities. In order to improve the living conditions of farmers , various schemes should be opened for them, so that they can take the maximum benefit from it. In this way, the conditions of farmers can be raised effectively.

( 7 ) Compare three farmers in Venkatapuram and furnish details .

Subject

1 ) Size of the land ( in acres) 

Ravi

Ravi is a small farmer in Venkatapuram. He owns only 4 acres of land .

Ramu

Like Ravi, Ramu is also a small farmer. Only two acres of land are possessed by him .

VijayKumar

In Venkatapuram, VijayKumar is considered as one the big farmers who owned nearly 25 acres of land .

2 ) Source of irrigation

Ravi

As Ravi is a small farmer, for this reason he possessed only one borewell. In earlier times, he used to collect water from the village tank. In present times, water fails to reach his fields. Owing to this reason, he had to dug a borewell by borrowing a sum of rupees 75000.

Ramu

The  village tank was the ultimate source of reliability for irrigation. In spite of digging wells upto 500 feet , no water was available. So, he had to give up the hope of using borewell water for his agricultural fields.

VijayKumar

VijayKumar is a big famer in Venkatapuram. He owned nearly three borewells. His condition was comparatively good than the other farmers in Venkatapuram.

3 ) Agricultural tools and implements

Ravi

The main occupation of Ravi was to harvest groundnuts. Only few men workers and several women workers are employed by Ravi for the purpose of harvesting groundnuts. So, manual labor is mainly required for executing this work.

Ramu

During the kharif season, he cultivates his land with the aid of his family members. At the time of harvest, he also employs minimal workers just like Ravi.

VijayKumar

Vijay Kumar not only owned a big house but also possessed a thresher, a paddy harvester, a trailer and a tractor. In the course of time , he also obtained a bountiful harvest of groundnuts. He is also capable of buying more farm machines and borewells.

4 ) Use of fertilizers

Ravi

In order to buy crop inputs such as fertilizers, seeds and pesticides, he requires to borrow money from the moneylenders . If his productivity does not turn well , then he have to face tremendous difficulty in repaying the loan. He is sometimes bound to sell his crops at a much lower price.

Ramu

The  village tank was the ultimate source of reliability for irrigation. In spite of digging wells upto 500 feet , no water was available. So, he had to give up the hope of using borewell water for his agricultural fields. Owing to this reason, Ramu had to rely on VijayKumar for providing water to his paddy fields. Due to his insufficient income, he was bound to work onVijay Kumar’s field for more than three months in a year.

Vijay Kumar

As VijayKumar is a big famer, for this reason he was  capable of owning a large shed godown , where fertilizer bag, paddy and farming equipment’s werekept. In order to dry the harvest, kallam or threshing floor was used.

5 ) Manner of selling groundnut

Ravi

In order to buy seeds and fertilizers, he had to borrow money from a broker in his village. So, he was forced to sell these groundnuts at a much cheaper price in order to repay the money .

Ramu

During the kharif season, he cultivates his land with the aid of his family members. At the time of harvest, he also employs minimal workers just like Ravi. Due to his insufficient income, he was bound to work on Vijay Kumar’s field for more than three months in a year. Furthermore, Ramu also had to rely on VijayKumar for providing water to his paddy fields.

Vijay Kumar

In the course of time , Vijay Kumar  obtained a bountiful harvest of groundnuts. He was also capable of owning a large shed godown , where fertilizer bag, paddy and farming equipment’s were kept. In order to dry the harvest, kallam or threshing floor was used.  Since, the fresh groundnuts does not sell at a much higher price , for this reason he prefers to sell dried groundnuts. As a result of which , he succeeds in selling his groundnuts at a relatively higher prices.

6 ) Other works

Ravi

He only hired workers during the period of harvesting. He executed the rest of the workswith the aid of his family members or other farm neighbor’s .

Ramu

For the purpose of ploughing the fields,  Ramu worked as a tractor driver. He also transported paddy and other essential items to the market.

Vijay Kumar

Apart from farming , Vijay Kumar also earns extra income by selling the milk of his murrah buffaloes.  In addition to this , he also runs a fertilizer shop in the village. From the above points it was clear that , the condition of Vijay Kumar was quite better than compared to the condition of other farmers in Venkatapuram.

 ( 8 ) Collect news items on problems faced by small and marginal farmers and measures taken by government to solve their problem.

Small and marginal farmers not only lacks sufficient resources but they also hold minimal quantity of land . Price drop and insufficient yield of production are some of the factors that deteriorates the living conditions of the farmers. As these farmers does not have  sufficient income, for this reason they are unable to invest required quantity of products on their agricultural field . As , a result of which they fail to boost the rate the production. So, these are the several problems that the small and marginal farmers face.

The Fasal Bima Yojna has been introduced by the NDA government with an aim of providing insurance to  the farmers , which will help in assisting them in times of difficult situations. The government has also taken effective steps to decrease the high rates of interest that the farmers were supposed to pay at the timeof repaying the loan.

( 9 ) Nowadays, all the farmers prefer cash crops to the food crops. What problems does this lead to ?

Cash crops are mainly grown with an aim of selling them in the market , so that a substantial amount of profit can be drawn from it but these crops are not used for the purpose of consumption in the village. So , if all the farmers will grow only cash crops like turmeric or sugarcane then there will be an insufficiency in the production of food grains . Furthermore, these cash crops requires an ample quantity of water , so if all the farmers will grow sugarcane or turmeric then there will be an increased requirement for proper irrigational facility. Therefore, it is necessary that the farmers should grow both food grains and crash crops in a proper balance because both serve as an essential requirement to the people.

( 10 ) Read about “ contract farming ‘’ on page 59 and comment on it.

Contract farming as the name suggest refers to such agricultural production in which an agreement is made between the farmers and marketing units. This type of farming not only facilitatesthe scheme of coordination but also enhances the productivity rate. Furthermore, it helps in assisting marketing in the fields of agricultural activities. This agreement does not necessarily take place between two equal parties. In case of contract farming, companies not only renders economic support but also recommends the farmers toabide by the rules of certain farming practices. This arrangement is acceptable by most of the farmers as they are capable of buying crop inputs with the help of the advance payment and they are also given assurance of the prices. Apart from the advantages, there are also certain drawbacks of contract farming. If the quality of theharvest fails to meet the expectations of the company , then they will deny to purchase the crop . As a result of which, the farmers have to face immense difficulties.

Updated: January 27, 2022 — 11:51 am

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