Telangana SCERT Solution Class VI (6) Social Studies Chapter 11 First Empires.
(1) What did the Ikshvaka rulers do to get acceptance from the various clan headmen ?
When the Satavahana kingdom came to an end, then the Ikshvakas performed a significant role in assuming the royal titles and this has also contributed in the establishment of a kingdom in Vijayapuri. Shantamula and Virapurushadatta represented some of the most notable kings of this dynasty. By marrying people from other tribes, these kings attempted to enhance the togetherness of various headmen and small tribes.Simultaneously,they not only rendered donations to the Brahmins but they also depicted their distinctiveness through the performance of yagnas.Furthermore, large donations were made by the women of the Ikshvaka family to the popular Stupa and monasteries of Nagarjunakonda . This place has also led to an establishment of enormous monastery and Stupa.
2 ) Why do you think Ashoka was a unique ruler ?
Ashoka was considered as one of the most popular ruler of Mauryan Empire. It was through inscriptions, with the help of which he tried to deliver his message to the people and he was regarded as the first ruler to put forward his message in such manner. Prakrit language was mainly used in order to compose the inscriptions and the Brahmi script was used for the purpose of writing the inscriptions . These inscriptions mainly portrayed the transformation in his ideology after the horrific incident of the Kalinga war. Owing to this reason , Ashoka was regarded as a unique ruler.
3 ) What enabled the establishment of kingdoms in the Deccan 2000 years ago ?
There was development of village settlements and small towns in the greatest parts of the region around the time the Mauryans conquered the Deccan. In these regions, people were not only indulged in the process of making iron tools but they also sold them . These areas were mostly inhabited by the clans. Furthermore, clan refers to those group of people who shared a close relation with one another on the grounds of their birth and marriage. Among these clans, some of the most notable persons enjoyed the position of the powerful headmen ,who played a significant role in resolving their internal conflicts. In the course of time, they established a powerful position and started to rule the clan area. However, after the termination of the Mauryan empire , most of the headmen of the clan area started to flourish as small kings. Satavahanas, were among them who succeeded in building an enormous kingdom. Gautamiputra Satakarni, Yajnasri Satakarni and Vahishtiputra Pulumavi were some of the most notable Satavahana kings. Around 2000 years ago, they ruled for a period of about 200 years.
( 4 ) Identify three rivers and two territorial capitals in map 1 ?
The three rivers in map 1 are the Ganga, Yamuna and Brahmaputra . On the other hand, Delhi and Pondicherry represents the two territorial capitals in map 1.
( 5 ) After the war of Kalinga , King Ashoka decided not to fight any more wars. Do you think these type of decisions promote world peace ? How ?
These type of decisions not only contributes in promoting world peace but it also helps in building asense of collectiveness among the people. After witnessing massacre and heavy bloodsheds in the war of Kalinga, he took a firm decision that he would never battle any more wars . He became extremely sorrowful after witnessing the pain and sufferings of the soldiers and the tremendous devastation that was caused to the people as the result of the war. It was this horrific incident which brought about a major transformation in his belief and ideology and which ultimately led him to embrace the religion of Buddhism. After embracing the principles of Buddhism, he decided to rule his empire in a peaceful manner without embarking the path of violence and brutality.Ashoka decided to render help to the people by emphasizing on the sphere of public works.
7 ) Hereditary ruling was prevalent at the time of King Ashoka. How is present ruling different from that time ?
There was a wide prevalence of hereditary ruling at the time of King Ashoka. In this type of ruling system, the members of the similar generation possesses the right to rule the region for a quite long duration of time. The role of people stands negligible in this type of ruling. In short , the power of people are considered unimportant in front of hereditary ruling. In present times, the ruling system is entirely different from the one that was prevalent at the time of king Ashoka. The present day ruling system depicts a form of government which is democratic in nature. In this form of government, the power of people is given immense importance, where people possesses the right to choose their leader . Simultaneously, if the leader fails to comply with the wishes of the people, then they also have the right to change them. Here, the leader is not selected on the basis of their hereditary status but rather they are selected on the grounds of elections.
( 8 ) Read the para under the title ‘ Ashoka ‘s message to his subjects ‘ and comment on it.
According to Ashoka, the actual fruitfulness does not lie in performing various kinds of rituals but it is actually acquired by performing other useful practices such as showing respect to the elderly members, avoid behaving rudely with slaves , providing compassionate treatment to all the creatures and contributing presents to the monks and Brahmins. People should not only prevent themselves in praising their own religion but they should also learn to shower respect to other’s religion by stop condemning them. People should try to develop a deeper understanding in accordance with the principles of other’s religion and should try to respect them in an equitable manner.
( 9 ) Discuss what were the social policies during the Gupta period ?
It was in the small kingdom of modern Bihar , where the Gupta dynasty kings started to flourish their supremacy and within the period of three generations they succeeded in achieving the hegemonic status over the major parts of the Northern India. Chandra Gupta I, Chandra Gupta II , Samudra Gupta, Kumara Gupta and Skanda Gupta were represented as some of the most notable kings of the Gupta dynasty. There were two important developments in the fields of Indian political system that has contributed in enhancing the prominence of the Gupta kings. Firstly, after invading a new kingdom they laid down a condition that the supremacy of the former king will proceed on the ground that the king has to abide bytheir orders and should willinglyaccept the supreme position of the Gupta kings. Secondly, a full fledged administrative rights were provided to the Brahmin villages by some of the Gupta kings and several other kings who were subordinate to them. However, the process of tax collection was not prevalent in these villages, which means they were notbound to give any kind of taxesto the king . Additionally, these villagers were not required to abide by the commands of provincial officers who did not have any kind of permission to enter such villages.
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