Telangana SCERT Solution Class VI (6) Social Studies Chapter 10 Emergence of Kingdoms and Republics.
( 1 ) What do you mean by Gana ? How were they different from the kingdoms ruled by kings ?
Gana refers to such a form of government where numerous people participates in the process of decision making . They also performs an essential role for the purpose of implementing the decisions. Gana resembles the features of republican form of government. In Gana, the final decision takes place only after a detailed discussion , where thousand ofmen possesses the right to express their opinion and each of these men were known by the term of ‘raja ‘ whereas in kingdoms, the king holds the primary responsibility in the sphere of decision making process and in such type of ruling systems, the decisions of the kings stands as ultimate. Soin this way , Gana is different from the kingdoms ruled by kings.
( 2 ) Compare the ganas with Gond Panch – what similarities and differences do you see between them ?
Gond Panch – There is a headman or ‘ Patla’ in each village and these headman possessed a hereditary status. Inspite of holding an effective position , he is also answerable to the Panch. The headman performs his functions on a regular basis, as the Panch meets only occasionally. The chief role of Patla is to assure solidarity and harmony of the villagers. It was Gond Panch who held the major position with respect to any kind of matter that were related to the entire Gond society. The village Panch performed a variety of significant functions. As for instance, dates of any important events such as marriage or festivals were fixed by the village Panch, he possessed the right to resolve any kind of conflicting situation , he also laid down standards and norms for the purpose of conductingany social ritual like marriage. Additionally, the Panch also possessed the right to remove the Patla , if he fails to comply with the wishes of the people. In such case , the Panch replaced the headman with another person.
Ganas – Gana refers to such a form of government where numerous people participates in the process of decision making . They also performs an essential role for the purpose of implementing the decisions. Gana resembles the features of republican form of government. In Gana, the final decision takes place only after a detailed discussion , where thousand of men possesses the right to express their opinion and each of these men were known by the term of ‘raja ‘.
( 3 ) Can you point out the differences between the way villages are managed today and in the time of mahajanapadas?
In present times, there are elected representatives in most of the villages whereas in the time of mahajanapadas, the greatest land ownerenjoyed the position of the headman in those villages. Secondly , the tax are collected by the government agents in present day villages but in the time of mahajanapadas, the taxes were collected by the headman and they also beared the responsibility tohandover such taxes to the king. In current times, agricultural laborer’s are employed by the farmers for the purpose of working in their fields whereas , in the time of mahajanapadas, dasas , who are also known as slaves , were hired by the land owners. Therefore, these are the several differences that clearly portrays themanagement system of villages in present times and in the era of mahajanapadas.
( 4 )Find out how the crafts persons are taxed by the government today. Was it the same in the times of mahajanapadas ?
In today’s time, a very minimal amount of tax is required to be paid by the crafts men whereas in mahajanapadas period, there was a frequent demand of taxfrom the crafts men ,where they were required to work for the king in the absence of any charge or payment once in the period of each month. In those days , the soldiers were appointed by the kings to give punishment to those people who denied to pay the tax. Nowadays, a fine is imposed by the government , if one fails to pay the tax at the exact time. So, this is the pattern of tax collection in today’s time. In the epoch of mahajanapadas, both officers and army were utilized by the king for the purpose of collecting the taxes. In present times, the government agents are mainly involved in the process of tax collection and after tax collection they hands over such taxes to the government. Thus , it clearly depicts that the manner of tax collection in present times is entirely different from the way tax was collected in the times of mahajanapadas.
( 5 ) Read the para five in page 87 ‘ In most villages …..’ and write your comment.
In most of the villages, various tools such as sickles, arrows , and axes were made by the blacksmiths and these tools were extremely essential for the purpose of carrying out agricultural activities.Pots were made by the potters ,that was required not only for the purpose of cooking and but also for storing food grains. Carpenters were responsible for making ploughs, carts and furniture. The primary task of weavers was to weave several types of clothes for most of the villagers. In exchange of their products, grains was provided to them by the grihapatis. These products were essential for the purpose of executing the agricultural activities but the grihapatis lacked sufficient skills to construct them and they also did not have enough time.
Very good answer I like that