Telangana SCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter 20 Solution – Social Movements in Our Times. Here on this post we have provided Class 10 Social Science Social Movements in Our Times Telangana State Board Solution. Telangana State Board English Class X Medium Students can download this Solution to Solve out Improve Your Learning Questions and Answers.
Telangana State Board Class 10 Social Science Chapter 20 Social Movements in Our Times Solution:
1.) Here is a list of items that you can use to make a table on social movements. Find out the similarities and differences between the different movements:
Main area of focus of the movement; location; main demands;modes of protest; important leaders; response from the state; possible impact on society.
Ans:
Main area of focus of the movement | Location | Main demands | Modes of protest | Important leaders | Response from the state | possible impact on society |
Anti-apartheid movement | South Africa | Racial discrimination should be stopped | Non-violence disobedience | Nelson Mandela | Anti-apartheid movement ended | Equality |
Human rights movements | Europe, USA | Slavery should be abolished | Petition and peaceful protest | Francis Hutcheson , John Lockey | Slaves got their freedom | Citizens were very happy. |
Civil Rights movement | USA | Civil Rights Act should be passed. | March pasts and protests | Dr. Martin Luther King Junior | Civil rights bill was passed | Citizens were happy as laws were maintained. |
Anti-colonial movements | South America, Asia and Africa | Freedom | Satyagraha along with Non-violence | Gandhi and Simon Bolivar | Freedom accomplished | Democratic rule by citizens itself |
Arab spring | UAE | Elections should be free, and democracy along with human rights should be enforce | Civil Disobedience movements | Citizens of Arab | Freedom on elections. | Huge change in citizens and society. |
2.) Kannaiah, Ramya and Salma have a debate. Ramya argues it is okay to restrict thefreedom of press etc. but ensure that people do not live in poverty. Salma arguesthat food alone is not important. It is equally important to have freedom of pressbecause there is no other way people would know if there is violation of dignity ofpeople in different parts of the country. Kannaiah says that how will it make adifference if press belongs to the rich and powerful people, why would they coverthings that ordinary people expect. They have different expectations. Whom wouldyou agree with and give reasons, from the context of human rights?
Ans: I would totally agree with Salma, as she argued that food alone is not important, which is true. It is equally important to have freedom of press otherwise there will be no other way people would know if there is violation of dignity ofpeople in different parts of the country.
3.) What are the basic features of a social movement?
Ans: Social movements have raised diverse demands cutting across strict boundary of environment or human rights. Their arguments borrow from these different principles. You may notice that Mahaliya and Luther King too were raising issues of human rights ideals while raising the questions of environment and equality. In some context, movements resist changes that are forced upon them. Others like Martin Luther King or Meira Paibi demand for change. Social movements often distance themselves from individual political parties and are more united under a single cause. Its members may belong to different political parties. Often their programmes are envisaged in a participatory and democratic manner. Social movements arise when people of a region or of a cause feel that their expectations have been unmet by the larger political system that is prevalent in a country
4.) What is the role of ordinary individuals described in the case studies given in thechapter?
Ans: i) Some people have the network and the communication channel to communicate and come in contact with the leading government so that they local problems could be heard of by the higher authority and remedies get issued to those problems.
ii) Some people believe in aggression and violence whenever a foreign influence tries to manipulate or give decisions which might affect the lives of the ordinary people. In these scenarios, the ordinary people take charge on their own hands and tries to eradicate these influences.
iii) Some people try to promote the culture of protests and resentments in a non-violence way which in turn influences the people, and that’s how they get attention of the people.
5.) How are the rights of blackpeople in USA and MeiraPaibi movements similaror different?
Ans: One of the most important movements was the American Civil Rights Movement. It fought for equal treatment of Afro-Americans or Black Americans and against rules that permitted segregation of blacks and whites in schools, buses, and public places and discriminated against them in appointments, housing, and even voting rights. This movement reached its height during the 1960s. It was largely non-violent and took the form of massive demonstrations, marches, ‘civil disobedience’ (violating discriminatory laws peacefully) and boycott of discriminatoryservices (like buses which segregated whites and blacks). One of the important actions was the year long boycott of buses by blacks in Montgomery led by Dr. Martin Luther King. This caused a huge loss to the bus company and eventually forced the court to ban segregation of seats for blacks and whites in buses in 1956. At the same time, a powerful movement was going on for ending segregation in schools (black and white children had to go to different schools).On 28th August 1963, more than two lakh people marched to Washington demanding the passage of Civil Rights Act and demanding among other things, program for generation of employment, full and fair employment, decent housing, the right to vote, and adequately integrated education system in which whites and blacks could study together. As the movement grew in strength, several viewpoints emerged – many people agreed with Dr King that it was possible to achieve equality for all people through peaceful means and persuading the government to pass necessary laws. However, many others like Malcom X were of the view that blacks were a separate nation and should fight for independence from white rule. They also felt that in order to win power they will have to use all the means including armed conflict. A large section of people who actively participated in the civil rights movement were black women, who felt that their voice was not being heard even within the movement which was dominated by men.
Meira Paibi (in Meitei language) literally can be translated as the ‘torch bearers’. Meira Paibi originated as a movement to prevent public disorder due to alcohol abuse in the late 1970s. But, it soon became a movement for human rights with the massive deployment of Indian armed forces to counter the armed movement for Manipuri independence in the early 1980s. It was also at a time when the state was declared a ‘disturbed area’ and sweeping powers in the name of AFSPA were given to the Indian armed forces. This resulted in frequent military operations and human rights violations. The Meira Paibi responded instantly with protest demonstrations. The Meira Paibi took to patrolling the streets at night. Women of every leikai or ward of every town and village participated in the daily patrolling, bearing no weapons but only the bamboo and rag kerosene torches. Every night, in every leikai, at every lane junction, groups of women sat on vigil against threats and disruptions to peace in the community. During periods of relative peace, a few women would keep the vigil taking turns. But during moments of high tension, participation is more widespread. These are not activist or politically inclined women; they are ordinary women who take on themselves the traditional responsibility for the safety and well-being of the community. Meira Paibi grouphas also been demanding that AFSPA be revoked. Gradually, the movement against this Act has grown instrength and women have expressed their struggle in different forms from boycott of elections to sitting on relay hunger strikes. One amongst them, Irom Sharmila was on hunger strike for more than 10 years and was under house arrest.
6.) Democracies have beenidentified as mostprominent politicalsystems across the world.Do you think democracyhas been able to take careof all the expectations ofpeople? Based on theexamples cited in thesechapter is, write a short note on ‘democracy and social movements’.
Ans: Social movements have raised diverse demands cutting across strict boundary of environment or human rights. Their arguments borrow from these different principles. You may notice that Mahaliya and Luther King too were raising issues of human rights ideals while raising the questions of environment and equality. In some context, movements resist changes that are forced upon them. Others like Martin Luther King or Meira Paibi demand for change. Social movements often distance themselves from individual political parties and are more united under a single cause. Its members may belong to different political parties. Often their programmes are envisaged in a participatory and democratic manner. Social movements arise when people of a region or of a cause feel that their expectations have been unmet by the larger political system that is prevalent in a country.
7.) Discuss and find out how movements mobilise people from across the globe like inthe above instance of campaign to protest in the context of Bhopal gas tragedy.
Ans: A poisonous gas leaked out of the Union Carbide factory (later this factory was purchased by Dow company). Thousands of people lost their lives and many more are still suffering from its ill effects. This was perhaps the worst industrial disaster in the world. Right from the beginning, the people of Bhopal have been fighting for four main demands: proper medical treatment of the victims; adequate compensation for them based on international standards as the company was a multinational company; fixing criminal responsibility for the disaster on the management of the multinational company; and finally steps to prevent such disasters in the future. hile they have succeeded to some extent, they are still a long way before they can claim to have achieved all the major demands. While enormous sums have been spent on setting up medical facilities in Bhopal, the victims are still suffering from its effects; compensation has not been paid as per international standards and that too not properly to all the affected people. The government has failed to prosecute and punish the management of the company for its negligence which led to the accident. We do have better laws today, yet we still do not have a proper policy or adequate impartial inspecting mechanism which will eliminate the possibility of such disasters in the future. The protests against this has been even more complex since the company itself was based in USA. People today need to use international laws to fight against the problems that the factory workers and women face who are affected by the pollution created by the company. Many people across the globe boycotted products made by the company. Even today social mobilisation continues when the Dow company sponsored Olympics in London, people across the globe signed petition against it. Multiple organisations from around the world pointed at the unethical alliance of Olympic body with Dow.